Onke amashishini yohlenga-hlengiso apho izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo, abe noxanduva eyodwa kurhulumente ezi zinto. Xa imeko nayiphi na inkampani kufuneka ibe ngokuyimfuneko kukucwangcisa kwezi zakhiwo. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukodwa mveliso ukuba nenxaxheba ekwakhiweni izakhiwo zokuhlala okanye ezinye izinto ezinkulu.
Iipeksi
Injineli for ukusebenza izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo uphinda abe na imfundo yobugcisa ephakamileyo okanye aphakamileyo ezizodwa, apho uqhuba izakhiwo zombini izithambiso kunye ukungcitywa, iinkqubo ilindle, anoomatshini bokungenisa, kwaye ulawula ukusebenza ekhuselekileyo lweziqalelo ngamnye noshowo.Yonke imisebenzi yalo umqeshwa (kwakunye yonke into enxulumene ngqo kubo yenzelwe kwaye zinikwe kule ECTC. professandard UMbuso ubonelela zonke iimbopheleleko ezisebenzayo kunye neemfuno lo msebenzi.
Uxanduva
Injineli le zobungcali phantsi ingqalelo, okusebenzayo production ekhethekile linoxanduva lokusebenza-ofisi kunye izitora, uthungelwano eziphakamileyo-ombane, izitishana igesi kunye konke abaya kuthathelwa ingqalelo ulwakhiwo mhlaba. Phambi kokuqala injineli, ukuba uqhelene inkcazo yomsebenzi, equlethe zonke iimbopheleleko, iimfuno nangeento zonke anazo uyaphendula. Imisebenzi ye injineli ziquka nje ukulawula phezu imo ngqo izakhiwo, kodwa izixhobo ukuba ngqo kubo. Kungaba sombane, zekheshi okanye enye into.
Incutshe kule intsimi ekuphuhliseni izicwangciso ngempumelelo kunye neeshedyuli kwixesha elizayo zonke umsebenzi wokulungisa, kuquka ukufakelwa ukuzilungisa, iimoto okanye kuvuselelwa ezingahambisekiyo lweshishini, kwaye kananjalo esweni iinkqubo yesondlo sabo nokuba nokusebenza, ukuba kuyimfuneko, iphucula ukuba , iqwalasela okwenza izicwangciso ekuvunyelwene. Singenisa igalelo kumiliselo lweenkonzo systemic nalawulwa, nto leyo ithetha ukulungiswa okucwangcisiweyo kufakelo, ukulungiswa zabo, ukusebenza ezinxityelelanisiweyo lweshishini, izixhobo ephezulu ukusebenza.
Controls ngamayelenqe kunye namacandelo lweshishini ukuba athathe inxaxheba nokulungiswa kunye nezixhobo nokuvavanya, iliso ekusebenzeni kakuhle zobugcisa bezinto.
Amatyala rhoqo iingozi okanye kwemitshini koomatshini kunye neendlela, ikwafuna izizathu phonononga kubo, uthatha amanyathelo okuthintela kubo. Oku kukhokelela Siyamazisa izixhobo nocalulo kwezakhiwo kunye izinto, kwakunye zonke ii-asethi ezisisigxina le nkampani, wenza utshintsho yokundwendwela emva ukulungiswa okanye ukuphuculwa, liqhuba iingxelo yaye amaxwebhu zobugcisa.
Liqulunqa amaphepha eziyimfuneko ukuze kuqukunjelwe imvumelwano kunye amaqumrhu asemthethweni ukuba zenziwa kanjani futhi ukunika abaza kuzisebenzisa kunye nezixhobo, imveliso ukungcitywa, benza ingxelo-mali esachithwayo kule mfuno. Ngenxa oyingcali yalo msebenzi, nasiphi na isakhiwo okanye ezinye izinto kuqaliswa ukusebenza.
Injineli kufuneka ubone into esebenzayo ewonke, oko kukuthi Kufuneka ukulindela zeziphi breakdowns kunye imisebenzi nokulungisa kunyaka ozayo inokuba. Ukuba kukho sele umonakalo - ezifana neentanda iindonga, imingxuma kuphahla okanye ubonelelo lwamanzi, kunyanzelekileyo ukuba abeke zonke iindleko ukulungiswa kule Uqikelelo kunyaka olandelayo.
Njengoko ngokuba breakdowns esingenakubonwa kwangaphambili jikelele, ezivele ngokungalindelekanga, ngaphandle amanyathelo othintelo okanye zaveliswa ngendlela non-ixesha, imisebenzi injineli kuquka ubukho mandatory kwindawo yengozi ukuze ukuphelisa nokwenza izisombululo eziyimfuneko ukuze kupheliswe ingxaki. Yingcali kufuneka ukuba iinkonzo eziyimfuneko ukuba akakwazi ukusombulula ingxaki ngoncedo abaqeshwa balo.
Kakade ke, yena uyakwazi zidlulisele ukulungiswa kunye owayamileyo lakhe kwisebe nkonzo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kufuneka esweni indlela yokhuseleko.
Lo msebenzi sibi kakhulu, ngoko Iinjineli unoxanduva ngokusilela ukuzalisekisa okanye inzaliseko ngokungakhathali kwemisebenzi yayo, ezo ingezizo kuphela ezi ziboniswe apha kwinkcazo yomsebenzi. Ukuba yenza umonakalo okanye kukho ityala phezu ekubambaneni kwakhe, enokuyenza isohlwayo kwi umthetho yezolawulo, zolwaphulo-mthetho okanye yoluntu ye-Russian Federation.
Ulwazi nezakhono
Yingcali Umbuzo kufuneka babenolwazi kunye nemithetho ekhoyo kunye nezenzo zolawulo kwelizwe lethu, ezinxulumene ukusebenza yobugcisa, kwakunye ukudilizwa lokugqibela kwezakhiwo, umsebenzi ngexesha ezinxulumene ukulungiswa kunye nokwabiwa kwemali le misebenzi. Kufuneka wazi njani na iiprojekthi ze izakhiwo ukuqhubekekiswa kakuhle, indlela unikezelo babangenagama eziphathekayo sobugcisa zilungelelaniswe. E.
Mu kufuneka bawuqhele imimiselo izithambiso kunye ukungcitywa, ulawulo lwabasebenzi kunye isiseko lwemisebenzi yemveliso, ukuba unoxanduva non-disclosure weemfihlelo karhulumente. Ukukwazi ukusebenzisa ulwazi kuphela xa yokwenza ingummiselo ebaluleke kakhulu kulo msebenzi. Njengoko ngokuba iziqinisekiso, badla bathathe iingcali ukuze loo indawo a, apho ubuncinane iminyaka emi-3 ubudala.
Ezi abasebenzi kufuneka abe nobuchule besebe, bakwazi ukusebenza ngobugcisa, kufuneka ube ingqondo zohlalutyo kwaye kwakha nobuhlobo.
Imfundo
Iingcali abanayo imfundo yobugcisa lesibini okanye imfundo ephakamileyo simiselwe kule ndawo. ERussia, zininzi iiyunivesithi onokuthi ufumane izakhono ezifanelekileyo kunye nolwazi, kubandakanya:
- Uphando Moscow State University National Construction, ukuqeqesha ixesha iminyaka 4, iindawo mali zicingelwa;
- IYunivesithi yaseRussia State Agrian ebizwa emva kweK. A. TimetiryIghtazev, uqeqesho luhlala iminyaka emi-5, iindawo zohlahlo-lwabiwo mali zibonelelwe;
- I-Moscow Automobile kunye neYunivesithi yaseMongameli yeNdlela, ixesha lokufunda lineminyaka emi-4, kukho uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali.
Imfundo eyodwa zasesekondari zingafumaneka kwiikholeji apho ixesha yokufunda iminyaka emi-3. Le yikholeji yoYilo nolwakhiwo Akukho 7, I-Moscow I-Automobile kunye neKholeji yeNdlela ebizwa emva kwe-A. A. Nikolov.
Ukuphucula amabanga emfundo, ungakugqiba iikhosi ezithile zenyanga enye.
Sebenza
Abaphumelele kwala maziko akhankanywe apha ngasentla banokuthathwa ukuba basebenze ngaphandle kwamava omsebenzi emva kokuphumelela kwimfundo ethile. Ewe kunjalo, ayiyi kuba zizithuba zomvuzo omkhulu noxanduva, njengoko ixesha elithile kuya kufuneka lisebenze phantsi kwesikhokelo seenjineli ezinamava. Kuphela kusemva kweminyaka emi-3 ubuncinci, xa ingcali yolutsha ifumana amava kunye nezakhono ezithile, unokufaka ibango lendawo ehlawulelwayo. Isenokuba isebenza nakweyiphi na inkampani yokwakha, kwinkampani apho izakhiwo ezithile kunye nezinto zibekwe kwiphepha lencam. Kuphela emfundo ephakamileyo kunye namava enkulu ithuba lokuba injineli oyintloko okanye intloko kwishishini, enxulumene imbopheleleko enkulu, ingqalelo engenasiphelo kunye nolawulo.
Umvuzo ophakathi eRussia, ingcali ekusebenzeni kwezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo zii-ruble ezingama-46,000 kunyaka ophelileyo. Owona mvuzo uphakamileyo kwimimandla esemantla, efana neSakhalin nengingqi ye-Magadan, apho imivuzo ifikelela kwi-ruble eyi-100,000.
