Ibigo byose kuringaniza ni inyubako ninzego, bifite inzobere muri leta yibi bintu. Muri leta yisosiyete iyo ari yo yose igomba kuba injeniyeri wa ngombwa iyi nyubako. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane kubigo bigira uruhare mukubaka ibihangange cyangwa ibindi bintu binini.
Amafaranga yihariye
Injeniyeri kugirango imikorere yinyubako ninzego zifite ubuhanga bwo murwego rwo hejuru cyangwa rwisumbuye, uburyo bwo kwisiga, sisitemu yo guhambirana, sisitemu yo guhumeka, kandi sisitemu yo guhumeka, kandi igenzura ibikorwa byumutekano yibintu byuburyo.Imikorere yose yuyu mukozi (kimwe nibintu byose bifitanye isano nayo byateguwe kandi biteganijwe muri ectc. Porodandard ya leta nayo itanga inshingano zose zikora nibisabwa kuri uyu mwuga.
Inshingano
Injeniyeri wihariye usuzumwa, niyarimo ukora mu musaruro udashinzwe bidasanzwe gukora ku biro n'ibikoresho, imiyoboro minini, imiyoboro ya voltage n'ibishobora gufatwa nk'itubakwa ry'ubutaka. Mbere yo gutangira injeniyeri, biramenyereye ibisobanuro byakazi, birimo inshingano zose, ibisabwa nibintu byose asubiza. Inshingano za injeniyeri zirimo kugenzura gusa inyubako, ariko kandi ibikoresho birimo muri bo. Irashobora kuba ihindura, lift cyangwa ikindi kintu.
Inzobere muri uyu murima irimo guteza gahunda na gahunda na gahunda yo gutsinda mu gihe kizaza, harimo gusana umutungo bwite w'urugomo, ndetse no kongera gukora imitungo idahwitse, ndetse n'ibibandi, bibaye ngombwa, bibatera imbere , gukurikirana irangizwa rya gahunda zumvikanyweho. Intama kandi igira uruhare mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya serivisi ziteganijwe, zisobanura gusana ibikorwa byateganijwe, ibyo bahindura, ibikorwa bihuriweho n'ibikoresho by'imishinga.
Igenzura ibibanza n'amacakubiri yumushinga witabira gusana no kugerageza ibiciro, bikurikirana imikorere myiza ya tekiniki yibintu.
Hamwe na kenshi ibibazo byimpanuka cyangwa igihe cyo hasi yimashini nuburyo, birashaka impamvu kandi birabashakisha, bifata ingamba zo kubarinda. Bitera kwemeza ibikoresho nibaruramari ryinyubako nibintu, kimwe numutungo utimukanwa wikigo, uhindura pasiporo nyuma yo gusanwa cyangwa gutera imbere, ni ugukora raporo kandi ni ibyangombwa.
Tegura impapuro zikenewe kugirango usoze amasezerano hamwe ninzego zemewe n'amategeko zikorwa no gutanga ibice nibikoresho, bitanga umusaruro, bikatangara mu ibaruramari ryakoreshejwe kuri ibyo bikenewe. Ndashimira inzobere zuyu mwuga, kubaka cyangwa ibindi bintu bitangizwa mubikorwa.
Injeniyeri agomba kubona ikintu gikora muri rusange, nibyo Igomba gutegereza ibisenyuka no gukora ibikorwa byo gusana umwaka utaha. Niba hari igihe gisanzwe cyo kwangirika - nko kunkuta mu rukuta cyangwa umwobo hejuru y'inzu cyangwa ku buryo bwo gutanga amazi, bisabwa gushyira amafaranga yose yo gusana mu buryo bw'umwaka utaha.
Kubijyanye no gusenyuka bitunguranye, byaravutse mu buryo butunguranye, nta ngamba zo gukumira cyangwa zakozwe mu gihe kitarimo injeniyeri harimo kuboneka no gukora ibisubizo bikenewe byo gukuraho ikibazo. Inzobere zigomba gutera serivisi zikenewe niba idashobora gukemura ikibazo abifashijwemo n'abakozi bayo.
Birumvikana ko ashobora kwihanisha gusana ayoboye ishami rya serivisi, ariko icyarimwe agomba gukurikirana tekinike yumutekano.
Uyu mwuga urakomeye cyane, kubwibyo Injeniyeri ashinzwe kunanirwa gusohoza cyangwa kwirengagiza inshingano zayo, ibyo bitagomba kwerekana byanze bikunze ibisobanuro byakazi. Niba bitera ibyangiritse cyangwa hari icyaha gishobora guhanwa amategeko yubuyobozi, umugizi wa nabi cyangwa imanza zuburusiya.
Ubumenyi nubuhanga
Inzobere mu kibazo igomba kuba imenyereye amategeko y'ubu kandi ibikorwa byo kugenzura igihugu cyacu, bifitanye isano na tekiniki, ndetse no gusenya burundu imiterere, akazi ka buri gihe bijyanye no gusana no gukwirakwiza amafaranga muri ibyo bikorwa. Ugomba kumenya uburyo imishinga yinyubako zitunganywa neza, uburyo itangwa ryibikoresho na tekiniki byateguwe. E.
Mu igomba kumenyera amahame yo kwisiga no kuvugurura, gucunga abakozi nishingiro ryibikorwa byumusaruro, ashinzwe kutamenyekanisha amabanga ya leta. Ubushobozi bwo gusaba ubumenyi bwubumenyi bwimikorere nigikorwa cyingenzi kuri uyu mwuga. Kubijyanye n'ubushobozi, mubisanzwe bifata inzobere kumwanya nkuyu, byibuze afite imyaka 3.
Aba bakozi bagomba kugira ubushobozi bwo gutunganya, gushobora gukorana nikoranabuhanga, bagomba kugira imitekerereze isesengura kandi bakagira uruhare.
Uburezi
Inzobere zifite uburezi bwa tekiniki ya kabiri cyangwa amashuri makuru yashyizweho kuri uyu mwanya. Mu Burusiya, hari kaminuza nyinshi ushobora kubona ubumenyi nubumenyi bukenewe, harimo:
- Ubushakashatsi bw'igihugu cya kaminuza ya Moscow, igihe cyo guhugura ni imyaka 4, ahantu h'ingengo y'imari igagereranywa;
- Kaminuza ya Leta y'Uburusiya yitiriwe K. A. Timyanzev, imyitozo imara imyaka 5, ahantu hateganijwe kandi hatangwa;
- Muri kaminuza ya Moscou na kaminuza ya Leta ya Leta, igihe cyo kwiga ni imyaka 4, hari ingengo.
Amashuri yisumbuye arashobora kuboneka muri kaminuza aho igihe cyo kwiga ari imyaka 3. Iyi ni College of Ubwubatsi nubwubatsi No 7, Moscoumobile yimodoka hamwe na kaminuza yimodoka yitwa A. A. Nikolov.
Kunoza kandi kunoza ibyangombwa, urashobora kurangiza amasomo ukwezi kumwe.
Akazi
Abahawe impamyabumenyi y'inzego zavuzwe haruguru zirashobora kujyanwa ku kazi nta bunararibonye bwakazi nyuma yo kwimenyereza umwuga. Birumvikana ko bitazagira uruhare umushahara munini ninshingano, nkigihe runaka bizagomba gukora uyobowe nabashakashatsi b'inararibonye. Gusa nyuma yimyaka 3, iyo umuhanga mukindi ubonye uburambe nubuhanga bumwe, arashobora gusaba umwanya wishyuwe. Irashobora kuba akazi mubigo byose byubwubatsi, muri sosiyete aho inyubako hamwe nibintu biherereye kurupapuro. Gusa hamwe nujuje ibyangombwa byinshi kandi uburambe bwinshi ni amahirwe yo kuba injeniyeri mukuru cyangwa umuyobozi wikigo, bifitanye isano ninshingano zikomeye, zitagira uruhare runini.
Umushahara mpuzandengo mu Burusiya, inzobere mu mikorere y'inyubako n'inzego zifite amafaranga 46.000 mu mwaka ushize. Igiciro kinini cyimishahara mukarerera mumajyaruguru, nko mukarere ka Sakhalin na Magadan, hari imishahara igera ku 100.000.
