Injeniyeri w'ibanze kuri Raporo ishinzwe iterambere, kwishyiriraho, kimwe na komisiyo no gutangiza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Uyu mwuga urakwiriye cyane kuri abo bahanga bashishikajwe nimibare, siyanse ya mudasobwa na fiziki. Reka twibande kubiranga iyi yihariye nibisabwa byibanze byerekanwe umwuga.
NINDE?
Muburyo bwose bwo gukora, injeniyeri Ifite inshingano zo gukora ingorane zose zimirimo itandukanye, kuva mugutezimbere ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki kugirango bigenzure ibikorwa byayo. Abashakashatsi b'iyi fagitire bamenye neza ibintu byose bigize imikorere y'ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ndetse n'imiterere y'inzira z'amashanyarazi. Abashakashatsi b'amashanyarazi barakenewe ahantu hatandukanye, uyu mwanya urashobora kubisanga mu bakozi batanga umusaruro, siyanse, igishushanyo, ibigo, ubucuruzi, ubucuruzi, ndetse no mu mashuri.
Imwe mu nshingano nyamukuru za injeniyeri elegitoroniki zirasuzumwa Iterambere ryibicuruzwa bigezweho. Ibyinshi mubigo bya elegitoroniki bihari byishingikiriza kuri izi nzobere muri iyinziti kugirango isoko ryibicuruzwa bishya no gukwirakwiza iriho. Ibicuruzwa nkibi birimo imiterere yimikino, amasaha, abakirwa televiziyo nubundi bwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho byamashanyarazi. Izi mpuguke zisaba ubuhanga bwo guteza imbere ibice by'amashanyarazi ku musaruro.
Umubare munini wa ba injeniyeri ba elegitoronike bakorera mu nzego zigenga, ariko, ku moko nini yabyo ikora mu bigo bya Leta.
Injeniyeri elegitoroniki ikora mu bufatanye bwa hafi n'ibindi bice by'umushinga umwe . Yatanze ibitekerezo nibitangira kubandi bakozi kugirango abashoboye kubikoresha mubikorwa. Ibi bivuze ko kumuntu kuriyi myanya bisaba ubushobozi bwo gutondekanya imibonano ikora neza - gusa muriki kibazo birashobora kumenya neza ko imishinga yose nibikorwa byakoreshejwe muburyo bukwiye hamwe nibisobanuro bikwiye.
Itondekanya urutonde rwimyanya, urashobora kubibona Umwanya wavuzwe ukunze kwitwa ukundi, birashobora kuba ushinzwe iterambere rya rea, ushushanya imbaho zicapiro, kimwe nuwatezimbere ubuhanga bwamashanyarazi. Twabibutsa ko ibisabwa bitandukanye byerekanwe kuri electropors kuri electropors, imirimo itandukanye ikorwa kandi akarere gatandukanye karimo, bityo ntibishoboka kubona inzobere ebyiri zifite uburambe.
Ariko, mubwinshi bwabo, bakora imirimo isa no gukoresha amahame amwe mubikorwa byabo.
Ibyiza numwuga
Kimwe nabandi bantu bose, umwanya wa Elegitoroniki wiziritse afite ibyiza byabo nibibi. Plus irimo:
- Gusaba cyane ku isoko rya kijyambere hamwe nicyifuzo cyiza cyo guteza imbere umwuga mugihe cya vuba;
- urwego rwo hejuru rw'abakozi babishoboye;
- Amahirwe yo kwiteza imbere kwiteza imbere.
Ntabwo yatwaye inenge - Mbere ya byose bafitanye isano nuko isi yikoranabuhanga ryamashanyarazi na elegitoronike ari muburyo buhoraho bwo gukurikira, bityo Injeniyeri ya elegitoroniki igomba guhora izi ibicuruzwa bishya bigaragara ku isoko, ibyagezweho na siyanse yo mu rugo na EASD. Kubera iyo mpamvu, uyu muntu agomba gutanga umwanya munini wo kwiteza imbere, nk'ubutegetsi, burakenewe gukemura igihe kitarimo akazi.
Ariko, abahanga bamwe bemeza ko iyi aribyiza byumwuga, aho kuba abigometse.
Umwihariko
Ukurikije icyerekezo cyumushinga, Umwanya wa elegitoroniki wigabanyijemo ibice byinshi:
- Sisitemu;
- Umuzunguruko;
- Igishushanyo.
Inzobere Ugomba kwerekana ubugari bwo gutekereza, erekana uburyo butunganijwe kugirango ukemure ibibazo bya radioroniki. Abashakashatsi ba sisitemu barimo gutegura, guteza imbere no gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwa elegitoroniki, hamwe nibikoresho bya radio hamwe nibipimo byihariye.
Ariko, imirimo yabo ntabwo ikubiyemo kwibizwa byuzuye muburyo bwa buri buryo bwihariye.
Umuzunguruko, kubinyuranye, bigomba Ninkaho muburyo burambuye igishushanyo cya buri gikoresho nkuko birambuye. Inshingano zabo zirimo igishushanyo mbonera cyakazi hamwe nibipimo byagenwe. Muyandi magambo, uyu muntu akemura ibibazo bito. Ubushobozi bwayo ntabwo bukubiyemo imirimo yo gukoresha ibikoresho byinjijwemo ibikoresho byateye imbere.
Ba injeniyeri bashushanya batangajwe mugukemura ibibazo byo guhitamo imirongo ikora, bamara imbaraga zabo zose kugirango bareme ibikoresho byoroshye kandi bya miniature. Byongeye kandi, inshingano zabo zirimo gukemura ibibazo bya tekiniki, nko kurohama no gukonjesha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, optique-fibre na sisitemu yubuhanga hamwe na sisitemu yubuhanga bigira uruhare mugukomeza imikorere yimishinga iriho.
Inshingano zemewe
Ukurikije ectc, isobanura umwarimu nigisobanuro cyakazi, Umukozi akora injeniyeri elegitoroniki agomba gukora imirimo ikurikira:
- kwemeza imikorere myiza y'ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, gutegura imikorere yacyo ikomeza;
- Uruhare mugutegura gusana ibikoresho no kubungabunga kwabo, ndetse no gushushanya ibishushanyo byingamba zo kunoza ibipimo byibikorwa byabo no kwiyongera mubikorwa byamashanyarazi ariho;
- Gukora itegurwa rya mudasobwa gukora, kugenzura ibice byayo na node;
- kugenzura urwego rwo kwizerwa muburyo bwa elegitoroniki yose yikoranabuhanga, kimwe no gushyira mubikorwa ibizamini byikizamini kugirango bimenyekane neza inenge n'imikorere mibi, imikorere y'akazi kuri kure;
- Gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda n'igenamiterere bya mudasobwa, kimwe n'ibikoresho byihariye bya radiodonon ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki;
- Kubungabunga ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, kwemeza kubikomeza neza;
- Kugerageza amahirwe yo guhuza ibyiciro bya gatatu byiyongera kuri sisitemu yo kubara muri sosiyete yo kubara sosiyete kugirango yongere ubushobozi bwabo nubuhanga;
- Gukusanya amakuru no gusesengura ibipimo byo gukoresha ibikoresho byamashanyarazi;
- gutanga ibyifuzo byo guhindura uburyo bwo gukora hamwe namabwiriza yo kubungabunga ibikoresho;
- Nibiba ngombwa, gutanga ibyifuzo byo kugura ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki na radiyo hamwe nibice byabigenewe;
- Guharanira kugenzura byuzuye mugukomeza uburyo bukwiye bwo kubika ibikoresho byamashanyarazi.
Ibisabwa
Imico bwite
Kugirango ugire neza umwanya wa elegitoroniki, Umukandida agomba kugira imico yose yihariye:
- Inyungu mubikorwa hamwe na elegitoroniki na radiyo;
- Imitekerereze ya tekiniki;
- Gushaka kwifuza kwiteza imbere, kwiyongera k'ubuhanga bwabigize umwuga;
- igihuru;
- Kurwanya Stress;
- Pedanticity na bunyangamugayo;
- Ubushobozi bwo gusesengura amakuru manini.
Gukurura ibitekerezo byukuri Hano haribintu bimwe na bimwe byubuzima bishobora kuba ishingiro ryo kwanga kwemeza injeniyeri y'amashanyarazi . By'umwihariko, birimo ibibazo hamwe no kwerekwa no gutanga umusaruro w'intoki.
Byongeye kandi, indwara iyo ari yo yose ya kamere y'imishumi, ndetse n'ibibazo igihombo cyari igihe cyo kutaremerera utemerera umukozi gukora imirimo ikenewe.
Ubuhanga bwumwuga
Injeniyeri elegitoroniki igomba kugira ubumenyi bwiza bwo gukorana na porogaramu za mudasobwa: Cad, Kompaas 3d, Tide, Cadence, Lthspance, Protel DXP. Gusohoza neza inshingano zawe, iyi nzobere igomba kumenya:
- Amabwiriza asanzwe, ibyemezo, kimwe nizindi nyandiko zishinzwe kugenzura nuburyo bujyanye nibikoresho bya elegitoronike;
- Ibipimo bya tekiniki nakazi, imiterere yububiko hamwe nuburyo buremewe bwo gukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki;
- Methodology kugirango utunganyirize amakuru arrays;
- shingiro rya programming;
- Methodology kugirango ikore gahunda zubu kandi zizerera;
- Amategeko yo gukusanya raporo yerekeye ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda z'akazi zashyizweho;
- Amahame yumuteguro yo kubungabunga no gusana ibikoresho byamashanyarazi;
- Uburusiya bwateye imbere nubunararibonye mpuzamahanga mubikorwa byikoranabuhanga rya radiyo-elegitoroniki murwego;
- Gahunda isanzwe yo gushiraho porogaramu yo kugura ibikoresho, hamwe nibice byayo.
Kubera ko injeniyeri ya elegitoroniki yerekeza ku itsinda ry'abakozi bakuru, Ni ngombwa ko azi icyorezo cy'ubukungu, amahame ya Ergonomique, imitunganyirize ishoboye mu bikorwa.
Kuva mu myitozo iyo ari yo yose ijyanye n'icyiciro cya injeniyeri, kumenya ibipimo ngereranyo byo kurinda imirimo birasabwa, kimwe n'amategeko yo gutanga umusaruro n'umutekano w'umuriro.
Amahugurwa n'Umwuga
Injeniyeri ya elegitoroniki irashobora gukora muburyo butandukanye bwicyerekezo gikurikira:
- Amasosiyete ya siyanse n'amanganda mu kurema no gutanga umusaruro wibikoresho bya radio-elegitoroniki;
- Ibigo by'ubushakashatsi;
- Gusana ibigo bya elegitoroniki no kubara;
- Ibigo bya serivisi.
Umukozi ufite amashuri makuru muburyo bwa tekiniki arashobora gushyirwaho kumwanya wa elegitoroniki nta bisabwa muburambe muri iyi ngingo. . Ariko, iyi myanya irashobora kwigarurira umukozi ufite uburezi bwisumbuye (tekinike ya tekinike cyangwa ishuri rya tekiniki). Ariko usaba utarangije kaminuza yumwirondoro agomba kuba afite uburambe mumwanya wubuhanga byibuze imyaka 3 cyangwa uburambe mubindi bidasanzwe tekinike mugihe cyibura imyaka 5.
Ukurikije ibyiciro byimikorere, ibyiciro byinshi byabakozi bagenewe umwanya wa injeniyeri ya elegitoroniki.
- Injeniyeri w'amashanyarazi 3. Numukozi ufite uburezi bwo hejuru, kimwe nubunararibonye bwakazi bwungutse mugihe cyamahugurwa cyangwa afite uburambe mumwanya wa tekiniki nta mpamyabumenyi runaka.
- Injeniyeri Elegitoronike Ibyiciro 2. Uyu ni umuntu ufite uburezi bukuru, hamwe nubunararibonye mumwanya wa elegitoroniki 3 Icyiciro byibuze imyaka 3.
- Injeniyeri electronics 1 icyiciro . Umukozi ufite uburezi bukuru bwumwuga, kimwe nubunararibonye mumwanya wa Elegitoroniki yiciro 2 kuva mumyaka 3 nibindi byinshi.
Biragaragara, inzobere zifite amashuri makuru nuburambe murwego rwubuhanga bafite ibitekerezo bikomeye mubijyanye numwuga numushahara. Niyo mpamvu Abanyeshuri benshi bo mu bigo bya tekiniki bikiri mugihe cyo kwiga bateguwe muri laboratoire zigeragezwa zuruganda. Rero, umaze kubona impamyabumenyi, basanzwe bafite uburambe bumwe, bugufasha kuzuza umwanya wa injeniyeri wicyiciro cyikirango gito. Kandi bimaze nyuma yimyaka 3-5, barashobora gutanga ibyifuzo byo kwimurwa kurwego rwo hejuru rwumwuga wa injeniyeri ya elegitoroniki.
