Kugeza ubu, umwuga wo gushushanya imyambarire ahubwo ukunzwe. Abakobwa benshi bifuza guhinduka imyambarire yo gukora uburyo bushya bwo gukora uburyo bushya, bahindura ibitekerezo bitinyutse mubyukuri. Muri iki kiganiro, suzuma ibisobanuro, inshingano, uburezi numwuga ushizeho imyambarire yimyambarire, kandi umbwire icyo itandukaniro riri hagati yuwashushanyijeho imyambarire hamwe nuwashizeho.
Ibiranga, ibyiza nibibi byumwuga
Birakwiye ko tumenya ko umushinga w'imyambarire ari umurimo wo guhanga udasaba igitekerezo cyahagaritswe gusa, ahubwo n'ubumenyi n'ubuhanga. Igishushanyo gitera imyambaro itandukanye, ingofero, inkweto n'ibikoresho. Ariko nkumwuga uwo ariwo wose, uwashushanyijeho imyambarire nayo afite ingorane zayo. Bityo, Agomba gutunga neza teshs yo gukora imyenda itandukanye, kimwe no kunguka bikomeye no gukurikiza inzira zigezweho mumyambarire . Inzira nshya muburyo bwimyambarire iremwa nibishushanyo mbonera.
Birumvikana, Umushinga w'imyambarire ni umwuga wo guhanga, ariko udafite uruhande rwa tekiniki ni ukudakora . Urashobora kuzana icyitegererezo gitangaje, ariko birashoboka kubashushanya mubyukuri, gusa ushyiraho imiterere yiburyo, gufata imyenda ikenewe, kandi ntugomba kwibagirwa ikoranabuhanga ryo kudoda.
Umushinga w'imyambarire ashinzwe uruziga rwose rwo gukora ikintu cy'imyenda. Iyi nzira itangirana no kurema ibishushanyo no kurangiza hamwe no guhitamo neza gahunda ningingo zo kudoda ikintu wifuza.
Birumvikana ko uyu mwuga ukora, ariko iyi migani yihariye biterwa ahanini n'aho bakorera. Birakwiye ko tumenya urwego rwo guhanga. Rero, mubice bimwe, ibintu bisanzwe byakozwe, ariko abandi bakora kubyerekeranye nicyerekezo gishya mubikorwa byimyambarire.
Umushinga w'imyambarire bisobanura ibyiza bikurikira:
- Iki nikikorwa cyo guhanga kigufasha kumva ibisubizo byakazi kawe mubyukuri;
- Gukora imyenda itandukanye, uwashushanyijeho imyambarire yemerera buri muntu kugaragara neza, nubwo hari ibiranga ishusho (hamwe no kudoda kugiti cye);
- Umushahara mwiza, hamwe na buri mukoresha wimyambarire birashobora gutera imbere no kuba umuyobozi mubikorwa byimideli;
- Niba ubishaka, urashobora gukora ubucuruzi bwawe bwite.
Niba tuvuga ibidukikije, birakwiye ko tumenya ibi bikurikira:
- Mugihe habuze uburambe nizina rizwi, ibibazo byo gushakisha akazi birashoboka;
- Umukozi agomba kwemezwa ukurikije ibisabwa abatware batagorana, kandi kunegura nabyo biraboneka;
- Umunsi wakazi urashobora kudasanzwe.
Itandukaniro
Kugirango usobanure ikibazo, ugomba guhindukirira inkuru. Mu ikubitiro, mu kinyejana cya XVI, ijambo "igishushanyo" ryagaragaye, kandi hagati muri buri hagati ya XIX yatangiye kuyikoresha cyane. Niba tuvuga ibyerekeye igihugu cyacu, icyo gihe uwashizeho umwuga wagaragaye mugice cya kabiri cyikinyejana cya XX mugihe cya USSR. Uyu munsi, uyu mwuga urakunzwe cyane. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko igitekerezo cya "imyambarire yimyambarire" gakondo kubatuye muburusiya, ariko "uwashushanyije" akoreshwa mu Burayi. Ariko hagati yiyi myuga yombi hari itandukaniro rimwe ryasojwe mugukemura imirimo itandukanye. M. Oderer yishora mu kwerekana imyenda, mugihe uwashushanyije ashinzwe igishushanyo mbonera.
Uburyo bwo kwerekana imyenda ni kurema uburyo bushya hamwe nuburyo butandukanye nubuhanga. Mu ntangiriro, birakenewe gukora igitekerezo no kumenya imirimo yibanze yo gushushanya. Ariko uwashizeho akora imihigo yimyambarire, abasesengura kandi atanga igitekerezo gishya cyo gukora icyegeranyo gishya cyimyambaro, mugihe akeka ko ibyifuzo byabakiriya. Itandukaniro ni uko Umushushanya ashinzwe gukora uburyo bushya, mugihe umushinga uhindura imideli akora gusa, ni ukuvuga, imyenda mishya yaremye hashingiwe kumahitamo ariho. Kurugero, uwashushanyije ahindura imiterere yintoki cyangwa umukufi, ahindura uburebure bwibicuruzwa, akoresha igisubizo gishya cya diccorator cyangwa ikomatanya.
Mu Burusiya, imyuga mibiri yatanzwe - Umushushanya imyambarire no gushushanya. Aho imirimo yabo iratandukanye, kuko Abashushanya imyambarire bakora kuri knitwear cyangwa imishinga yo kudoda, kimwe na otelier, ariko abashushanya basanzwe barema muri Biro, Amahugurwa na Sitidiyo yo Gushushanya . Umushushanya arashobora kandi gukora nkumushinga ushushanya imyambarire, kimwe nuwashushanyije, niba abishaka, ashobora gusuzumwa mugihe kizaza nkuwashizeho.
Uburezi
Guhugura Umushinga w'imyambarire birashoboka mu buryo bukurikira:
- "Kubaka ibicuruzwa by'inganda zibyoroheje";
- "Ubuhanzi bw'imyambarire n'imyenda";
- "Igishushanyo".
Gutangira kwiga, ugomba gutsinda ikizamini, mugihe urutonde rwibintu bishobora gutandukana. Kwiyandikisha kuri "Igishushanyo" cyangwa "Ubuhanzi bwa Kositimu nimyenda", birakenewe mbere yo gutsinda ikizamini cyo guhanga. Muri "Ishuri ryubwubatsi nigishushanyo" cyatanze amasomo "igishushanyo cyikoti", aho yigishijwe neza ko byigenga. Aya masomo akubiyemo ibyiciro byinshi, buri kimwe muricyo gifite igihe cyamahugurwa kuva amezi 3 kugeza kuri 8. Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi, buri munyeshuri yakira inyandiko yicyitegererezo cyashyizweho. Guhugura umukoresha wimyambarire ntibihenze mugihe kirenze umwuga wo gushushanya.
Witondere kaminuza zikurikira nziza muri kano karere:
- Masi;
- SGEI;
- Spbs;
- Msu;
- RGU. A. N. Kosygin ("Tekinoroji. Igishushanyo. Ubuhanzi");
- Spbguptid;
- Ibid;
- Bepp.
Inshingano
Umushinga w'imyambarire afite inshingano zikurikira:
- Kora urucacagu, ibishushanyo nibishushanyo, byerekana ibintu byimyenda;
- Guteza imbere ibishushanyo, gusaba urucacagu, kurugero, nyuma yo gukoresha umukiriya wumukiriya;
- Kora uburyo butandukanye, rimwe na rimwe nibindi bigereranyo, bikwemerera gukora ibicuruzwa runaka;
- Ubudozi bwimyenda kugiti cyawe cyangwa kugenzura neza inzira yumusaruro rusange;
- kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa buri gicuruzwa na cheque yayo;
- Mbere yo gukwiriye no gufata bitewe numukiriya, niba ubudozi bwa buri muntu bukorwa;
- Kwerekana ibicuruzwa byarangije, nko kwerekana cyangwa mbere yumukiriya, ndetse no kwitabira gushiraho ubukangurambaga.
Imyambarire yimyambarire ni kenshi Abatabira bakora mu nama n'amarushanwa atandukanye, avugana n'abanyamakuru, abafatanyabikorwa n'abatanga isoko.
Arashobora no kuba umwarimu yubaha abandi ubumenyi.
Umwuga
Kenshi na kenshi, inzobere muraho ntabwo ijyanwa kumwanya wuwashushanyije. Mu ntangiriro Agomba gukora igihe runaka kugirango akore umufasha we. Niba yigaragaje, ihinduka umushinga w'imbaraga, nubwo ishobora kwitabira amarushanwa atandukanye. Hamwe nubunararibonye, ubwishyu buziyongera.
Mugihe kizaza, uwashushanyijeho imyambarire arashobora kwiyongera no gufata umwanya wumuyobozi wamahugurwa aho bakorera ubudozi, cyangwa bafunguye mu bwigenge bwa studio.
