Umwanya wumucungamari wambere uzamura ibisobanuro bitandukanye. Byose bitewe nuko murwego rushya rwumwuga numwuga uvugwa urwego 5 na 6. Ibi, kimwe, "umucungamari" n "umuganga mukuru". Kubwibyo, ikibazo kivuka: Uyu ni nde - umucungamari wambere?
NINDE?
Umukoresha afite uburenganzira bwo gutanga umwanya wumucungamari. Ku ruganda runini, iyi nzobere iyobowe n'imwe mu byerekezo by'ishami ry'imari cyangwa ibaruramari. Mu bigo byingengo yimari, umucungamari wambere uyobowe nishami ryamafaranga nigikoresho, Ishami rishinzwe gutura hamwe nabandi . Kubara imiryango ya Leta bishingiye ku mategeko ku gikoresho cy'ibigo by'ingengo y'imari, kubahiriza amategeko. Bisobanura ko imirimo yo kubazwa ifite umwihariko w'inzego z'imari. Aya ni amashyirahamwe yuburezi, ubuvuzi, umuco.
Mu kigo cy'uburezi cy'abana (Dou), umucungamari akoreshwa hindukanywa na Porofeseri, ashyiraho uburezi, uburambe, imirimo nyamukuru y'abakozi, inshingano z'usaba. Umucungamari wambere ugomba kumenya no kubahiriza amategeko agenga umutekano, igituntu n'umutekano wumuriro ku mugambi uhamye . Mu gihe cyibiruhuko, ubumuga bwigihe gito, umurimo wumucungamari wambere ukorwa numwanya wihariye wigishwaga, uzirikana ibisabwa na Porofeseri n'amabwiriza yinyandiko.
Imirimo yimari mumashyirahamwe yingengo yimari ateganijwe n'amategeko kandi agenga neza.
Inshingano
Mu bigo binini bifite umubare munini w'abakozi bakora abakozi, gutandukanya ibaruramari mu mashami yemerera gukora imirimo n'imiterere y'inshingano z'abakozi n'inshingano z'abakozi kuri buri rubuga. Imikorere, inshingano zumucungamari wambere wanditswe mumabwiriza kumwanya, ushushanyijeho gucunga.
Urutonde rugufi rwimikorere yumuhanga uyobora:
- gutegura no kwishyura imisoro mu ngengo yimari itandukanye, amafaranga, kwishura mumabanki;
- itanga kubara umutungo utimukanwa, indangagaciro z'umubiri, ibiciro byumusaruro no kugurisha ibicuruzwa;
- Isesengura ry'imari, igishushanyo cy'ingengo y'imari;
- itanga ibikorwa bijyanye no gukoresha uruganda;
- Kubarwa kubera gutanga ibikoresho hamwe nabakiriya ibicuruzwa;
- Ikora ku iremwa ry'imishinga mishya ya konti, ishyirwaho ry'inyandiko nshya zitari zisanzwe;
- Tegura amakuru agenga ubuyobozi kubikorwa byishami ryazo, ikora ku makuru yumwaka na buri gihembwe;
- ni yo nyirabayazana wo kubika inyandiko zishinzwe ibaruramari, ubashyikiriza abubiko;
- Gukora ku ibarura no kwandika;
- Isubiza raporo kubantu babazwa mugukoresha amafaranga yo gukenera mubukungu.
Kwagura umubare wimikorere nukuri umuyobozi wihuse.
Umukoresha mu mabwiriza y'akazi yigenga yerekana ibigize imikorere yumucungamari wambere. Muri icyo gihe, iyobowe nimikorere yumusaruro, ingano yumuryango, ibisabwa nibisanzwe.
Ni iki gitandukanye n'umucungamari usanzwe kandi usanzwe?
Guhitamo abasaba no kugenwa kumwanya wo kuyobora umucungamari ukora imicungire yumushinga, ishyirahamwe. Umukozi wibaruramari yubaha umucungamari mukuru cyangwa umwungirije . Umucungamari n'umucungamari bakuru bafata akazi maze birukana umutware. Iki nikintu nyamukuru kirenze inzobere yinzobere cyane yabakozi basanzwe.
Umucungamari wambere ni inzobere yagewe kurubuga rwibarura rusange icyarimwe. Ahuza imirimo yabacungamari bato nabacungamari bakuru bafite umwibuzo munini kandi bakora akazi gakomeye. Agira inama abakozi Ishami ryacyo kubera amategeko y'imisoro ya federasiyo y'Uburusiya yerekeye umurimo w'imishinga, impinduka mu bijyanye n'ibaruramari.
Mubushobozi bwayo, igenzura kandi ishinzwe umurimo w'abakozi bayoboka.
Ibisabwa
Igipimo gishya cyumwuga cyumucungamari, cyateye imbere kandi cyemezwa na minisiteri yumurimo no kurengera imibereho yuburusiya muri 2019, ntibisaba ko amashyirahamwe yose ayobowe niyi nyandiko. Ishirahamwe ryubucuruzi rirashobora gutoranya ibisabwa byujuje ibisabwa utubahirije umwarimu. Urutonde rwerekanwe rwimiryango rukwiye kuzirikana ibisabwa n'amategeko yuburaya. Harimo ibigo by'ingengo y'imari. Imicungire yimiryango yingengo yimari irashobora guhanwa niba ibyangombwa bya Porofeseri mubikorwa byibaruramira bitagaragara.
Iyi nyandiko iragenzurwa neza:
- Imikorere y'abakozi;
- Ibiranga iyi mirimo;
- Ibisabwa byujuje ibyangombwa kumucungamari ukora iki gikorwa;
- Ibiranga uburezi bwimyuga hamwe no gutegura anocunga nyamukuru, abacungamari bo murwego rwa 2 na 1;
- Ubuhanga bukenewe, ubumenyi kuri buri mirimo ibazwa ibaruramari.
Kandi nubwo inshingano zumucungamari wambere muri prosestandard ntabwo isobanutse - iyi ni inzobere yicyiciro kinini. Ubumenyi bwe nubuhanga bwe bugomba kubahiriza ibisabwa byujuje ibyangombwa byumutekano mukuru.
Dukurikije Amategeko "Kubijyanye no kubara muri Federasiyo y'Uburusiya", tekereza:
- Impamyabumenyi ku burezi bwihariye bw'abasaba;
- uburambe bufatika muri altilety;
- Nta nyandiko zanditse mu myaka yakazi kubwumwuga.
Ibipimo bishya byongereye ibyifuzo byo gushiraho nuburambe bwakazi. Impamyabumenyi yumucungamari wambere igomba guhura kurwego rwa 6 ukurikije ibisabwa numwuga.
- Ubu ni uburezi budasanzwe, umwuga "ubaruramari nubugenzuzi", uburambe bwimyaka 3 nkumuyobozi kuva mumyaka 5 ishize akora kuri iyi ngingo.
- Niba uburezi bwihariye kurwego rwa bachelor, umurimo wumukuru wumukuru ugomba kuba byibuze imyaka 5.
- Hamwe namashuri makuru adasuzuguritse, kongeramo amafaranga yinyongera asabwa numwuga wumucungamari.
- Kubakozi bafite amashuri yisumbuye gusa, ukeneye uburambe mubibariza. Igomba kuba imyaka 7 cyangwa irenga.
- Porodandard isaba amahugurwa asanzwe. Igishushanyo cyihariye - amasaha 120 yamahugurwa agezweho muri rusange mumyaka 3 ishize akazi.
Biragaragara ko biteganijwe mu buryo buteganijwe mu rwego rw'umwuga mu bumenyi bwa porogaramu za mudasobwa, ubushobozi bwo guteza imbere raporo y'imisoro, kugira ngo hamenyekane ibyago byo ruswa no gukumira ingaruka.
Uburenganzira ninshingano kubisobanuro byakazi
Ibisobanuro by'akazi ninyandiko yibanze isobanura imikorere, uburenganzira ninshingano z'umukozi.
INGINGO ZIKURIKIRA NUBWIRA:
- Menya ibisubizo byubuyobozi Ku bw'imyitwarire ye y'umwuga;
- Kunoza uburyo bwakazi , kubishyikiriza ubuyobozi;
- menyesha ibibazo bivuka hanyuma utanga uburyo bwo kubikuraho;
- Akira amakuru n'inyandiko ngombwa mu kazi.
Inshingano ya buri mukozi yaganiriweho mumabwiriza yemewe namasezerano yakazi. Umubare w'inshingano uteganijwe ku mikorere mibi y'inshingano, ku kurenga ku bikorwa biturutse ku bikorwa by'umwuga, ku byangiritse ku bijyanye n'ubukungu byatewe n'umushinga, ishyirahamwe. Inshingano ziza kuri TC, Kode ya federasiyo y'Uburusiya. Ahari igihano cyubuyobozi.
Umucungamari wakoze amakosa mu kazi afite inshingano zifatika niba amasezerano yo kugirana amasezerano. Gusubiramo ibyangiritse kumushinga mu mipaka ziteganijwe namasezerano yakazi . Uburenganzira nk'ubwo buteganijwe muri TK RF. Muri icyo gihe, umukozi ntashobora guhanwa kubera inyungu zabuze cyangwa inyungu zidahagije ku nguzanyo. Rimwe na rimwe, hashyizweho igihano cyo kumenya amakuru yatinze.
Ibyangiritse biterwa n'ibikorwa by'ubugizi bwa nabi bisubizwa n'icyemezo cy'urukiko. Inshingano irashobora kuza nyuma yo kwirukanwa . Kuri tk rf, urashobora gushyira ahagaragara ikirego cyimisaya mugihe cyumwaka 1. Muri icyo gihe, imicungire y'umuryango igomba kugaragara ko kugaragara kwangiritse byabayeho biturutse ku bikorwa by'umukozi.
Kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka zikomeye, ukeneye ubugenzuzi bwigihe cyumucungamari. Mugihe ufashe akazi, ni ngombwa kutabeshya uhisemo inzobere.
