Isiliva kungenye yezinsimbi ezithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, kwamanye amazwe kuhlonishwa kakhulu kunegolide. Amakhosi anekhono enza ngesiliva hhayi nje kuphela uhlobo oluhlukile lokuhlobisa, kodwa futhi nokusika, izitsha, ezinye izinto eziwusizo. Amakhekhe enziwe ngalesi zinsimbi ajabulele ukuthandwa okuningi.
Isidingo esibanzi kakhulu sesiliva sisebenzisa abadali bobucwebecwebe, badala amacici, izindandatho namasongo, babakhathaze ngamatshe ayigugu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le mota ishibhile, yakhethwa futhi yakhetha abantu abaningi basebukhosini.
Ubuhlakani
Isiliva liyinsimbi epulasitiki, esindayo, kodwa ethambile kakhulu. Inomsebenzi omuhle kagesi nokusebenza okushisayo, ngenxa yalokho okusetshenziselwa kakhulu izinjongo zezimboni.
Iqiniso Elithakazelisayo: Le nsimbi ayincibiliki emiphumeleni ye-hydrochloric acid, kepha ingadedelwa e-chlorine gland.
Isiliva akuyona into ye-bio-, kepha ososayensi bafakazele ukuthi insimbi inezakhiwo ze-antibacterial. Abanye bayakukholwa lokho Uma uphonsa uhlamvu lwesiliva oluhlanzekile emanzini, okwedlule kuzosulwa amagciwane. Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuthi usebenzise amanzi nemikhiqizo njalo, "kuhlanjululwe" ngale ndlela. Ukuqongelelwa kwensimbi emzimbeni kugcwele ngemiphumela yaso emibi nezifo ezinkulu. Okuqukethwe kwensimbi kumanzi okuphuza kungaba yingozi enkulu.
Kungcono ukugcina izinto zesiliva nobucwebe be-iodine, ngoba uma zingena ekusabelaneni naye, zizomnyama. Ukungcola okunjalo ngeke kuhlanzeke ngokucacile.
Kukholakala ukuthi ubucwebe besiliva buyabiza, ngakho-ke abathengi bavame ukukhetha ukuhlukahluka kusuka kuma-alloys wesiliva nezinye izinsimbi. Kepha akunjalo. I-Metal ngefomu layo elihlanzekile ngeke ithokoze ngezakhiwo zayo ezisebenzayo nokuthambisa, yingakho ochwepheshe bavame ukuhlanganiswa nethusi, i-titanium noma iPlatinamu.
Ochwepheshe baphawuleka ukuthi emhlabeni u-20% kuphela wesiliva uya ekwakhiweni kobucwebecwebe. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngensimbi emsulwa ayimnyama ngokushesha, kepha futhi iklwebelwa kalula, ngenkathi ama-alloys ahlukile anobunzima obukhulu futhi athambekele ekulimaleni okuncane. Ama-Alloys angama-Master abizwa nangokuthi ama-ligature.
Ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-ligature ahlukahlukene, ubucwebe abaqeqeshiwe bungakha imikhiqizo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu esebenzisa amasu ayinkimbinkimbi.
Akufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi ama-alloys kufanele abe yinsimbi eshibhile, ngokuphambene nalokho, akwenza kube nokugqoka futhi kukhange ngokwengeziwe. Kepha-ke, ungakhohlwa ukunakekelwa okulungile, ngoba ngisho natoli besiliva zijwayelekile ngesikhathi sokwenza kube mnyama futhi zingcolisiwe.
Izinhlobo nezinto zazo
Kusiliva eliwuketshezi namuhla, ithusi livame ukungezwa. Ochwepheshe babona ukuthi zombili insimbi zisebenzisana ngokuphelele nomunye. Kepha lokhu akupheli kulokhu - ama-nickel avame kakhulu, i-zicnic, i-cadmium, kanye nezinye izinto ezingatholakala kalula ohlelweni lwezikhathi (ithebula) le-mendeleev futhi lengeze ku-ligature enjalo ngethusi. I-nickel imvamisa isetshenziswa ukunikeza ukukhanya okwengeziwe.
Isiliva elibi libhekwa njengezibiza kakhulu futhi liyathandeka, lapho kukhona ingxube yethusi. Le alloy iqukethe ngaphezu kwe-92% yesiliva emsulwa.
Isiliva elibunjiwe, kanye ne-srerling, kungenye yezinto ezibiza kakhulu futhi ezifunwa kakhulu. Ochwepheshe bangelungu lePlatinamu Group ngenxa yokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu kanye nedatha yangaphandle ethuthukisiwe.
Enye yezinhlobo ezithandwayo yisiliva le-filigree, okuyinsimbi esesimweni sayo esimsulwa. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa hhayi ama-notches angenasici.
Isiliva elimnyama Kuvela ngokungeza ithusi nokuhola. Izinhlobonhlobo ezimnyama ziyisiliva ehlakaniphile.
Igolide elibekwe ngegolide lidalwe ngokusebenzisa igolide, ithusi noma ithusi ku-ligature. Ubucwebe obunjalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bungamnyama futhi bufane nethusi.
Uma i-1% nickel ikhona e-ligature, kusho ukuthi amandla omkhiqizo wesikhathi esizayo, kanye nokumelana kwawo kwe-Wear, azokwandiswa, kepha ngokuqukethwe okukhulu kwe-nickel kwabina. Kufanele kube khona i-Golden Middle.
Okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium ngesiliva Alloy ngaphezulu kwe-6% ngeke futhi kuholele kwinhlanganisela esezingeni eliphakeme. Okufanayo kusebenza kokuqukethwe okukhulu kwe-zinc, okunganciphisa ubuncane bazo zonke izakhiwo eziwusizo zezinsimbi.
Ama-alloys wesiliva ngensimbi akuzona ezizinze kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho adalwe kakhulu. Okufanayo kusebenza ku-tin, okwenza i-alley ilahleke kakhulu.
Ama-Alloys weSilver-Palladium asetshenziswa kakhulu kumazinyo amazinyo ama-prosthetics amazinyo.
Isicelo
Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwesiliva kuncike kwisampula yalo. Namuhla, izwe lethu lisebenzisa amasampula ayi-8 alensimbi. Zibheke ngemininingwane eminingi.
- 720. Insimbi ephansi kunazo zonke, e-ligature yazo ithusi, enikeza umthunzi ophuzi wensimbi. Ngenxa yokungabi kwezici ezinhle kakhulu ezikhangayo, insimbi yalesi Sampula ayisetshenziswa ebucwecwe.
- 800 no-830. Idatha ye-Alloys nayo ayinangqondo yobucwebecwebe ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwethusi eliphakeme, kepha badlula izikhala zemigodi nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.
- 875. I-alloy enjalo isetshenziswa ebucwecwe, ngoba isiliva elihlanzekile lingaphezu kwama-87% kulo, linemininingwane efanayo yangaphandle enegolide elimhlophe, elivame ukusebenzisa ama-defrackters, elisebenzisa eminye imikhiqizo, enikeza eminye imikhiqizo, enikeza eminye imikhiqizo, ekhipha eminye imikhiqizo, enikeza eminye imikhiqizo yabanye.
- 916. Namuhla, lokhu okuqukethwe akukasetshenziswanga ekukhiqizeni imihlobiso. Ngesikhathi seSoviet Union kusuka ensimbi yalesi Sampula, uhlelo lomthengi lwenziwa ngentshiseko: Amakhethini, ukusikwa kwesiliva, izitsha zoshukela, njll.
- 925. Le sampula ingenye yezinto ezifunwa kakhulu, ihlangabezana nazo zonke izindinganiso zensimbi ezisezingeni eliphakeme. I-Metal iveza bonke ubuhle bemikhiqizo yesiliva yobucwebecwebe. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinhlamvu zemali zesiNgisi zithunyelwe ngensimbi yesampula engu-925th, ngenxa yalokho abizwa ngokuthi "isiliva elibukhali".
- 960. Kulesi alloy 96% yesiliva emsulwa, kufanelekile ukuyisebenzisa ukudala imikhiqizo, ezobe isembozwe nge-koqweqwe lwawo. Imikhiqizo evela esiliva ecishe ihlanzekile imnene kakhulu, kumele kube nokubanakekela ngokukhethekile, ngaphandle kwalokho bangalimala kalula.
- 999. Hlanza isiliva esetshenziselwa ukudala izinhlamvu zemali ezihlangene futhi usakaze ama-ingots esiliva.
Amanye ama-alloys ayaziwa nangokuthi awunawo amasampula, njengoba aqukethe isiliva elincane lesiliva. Ukusuka kulezi ze-alloys yenza ubucwebe obubizayo ohlotsheni lwe-brooch kanye namasongo alula.
Kukhona nama-alloys alingisa isiliva Futhi awenziwanga kukho, asikho isiliva ekwakhiweni kwalo nhlobo. Njengomthetho, i-nickel, i-iron ne-manganese ikhona kuzo. Ama-alloys ayimbumbulu acishe akwazi ukuhlukanisa kusuka esweni elinqunu. Lolu hlobo lwe-alloy lubizwa ngokuthi Ingonke Kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni ubucwebe obubizayo kanye nokusika.
Iziphakamiso zokunakekelwa kweziliva imihlobiso yesiliva bheka ividiyo engezansi.