Ukwebiwa kwamabhayisekili kungenzeka noma kuphi: emnyango noma endaweni yokupaka enabantu abaningi. Uma isela linqume ukweba, izingidi nama-alamu ngeke zibe yisithiyo kulo. Kuthiwani uma i-hijack yenzekile, ingabe ikhona ithuba lokubuyisa ibhayisekili eliyintandokazi?
Yini ebhekele?
Amakhaya ezimoto, ngeshwa, atholakala, kepha amabhayisekili avikelwe ngokusemthethweni ngokomthetho. Indatshana ekhethekile kwikhodi yobugebengu yeRussia Federation yokwebiwa kwebhayisekili ayinikeziwe. Ukuzibophezela kungabikwa kwezihloko 7.27; 158; 161 ne-162 yeKhodi yezobugebengu yeRussia Federation, enikezela ngesijeziso sokwebiwa okuncane kwempahla ebiza ama-ruble angaphezu kwama-2500, ukuphanga noma ukuphanga. Izijeziso zamacala anjalo ziyizokuphatha noma zobugebengu, konke kuncike enanini lenani lapho ibhayisekili lilinganiselwa khona, kanye nezenzo zabaphula umthetho uqobo:
- bathumba ibhayisekili ngaphandle kolwazi lomnikazi - ukweba;
- indlela ekhethiwe - ukuphanga;
- Uma ngesikhathi sokuphanga isisulu salimala - ukuphanga.
Ukuze uchwepheshe anqume izindleko zebiwe, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngemibhalo eqinisekisa imakethe kanye nentengo esemthethweni yebhayisekili ngesikhathi sokweba, kanye nesheke eliqinisekisa inani lokuqala lokuthenga. Ukuze uqonde umehluko wemfanelo ngobugebengu obunjalo, kufanele wazi ukuthi ukweba kwehlukile yini ekwebiweni:
- Inhloso yokuduna - Ukuthatha indawo yokunyakaza ngaphandle kwemvume yomnikazi;
- Inhloso yokwebiwa - Saw futhi uthengise ibhayisekili ngenzuzo.
Ngokusekelwe kwiziqu zecala lobugebengu kanye nenani lesazi elilinganisiwe lebhayisekili, umuntu ongenayo angasongela izijeziso ezilandelayo.
- Uma izindleko zebhayisekili zingeqi ama-ruble ayi-1000, Ngokusho kwe-Article 7.27, inhlawulo ingasukela kuma-ruble ayi-100 kuye ngosayizi wezindleko ezinhlanu zezimoto. Noma isitebhu sisongela ukuboshwa ngezinsuku eziyi-10 kuye kwezingu-15, umsebenzi ophoqelelwe kungenzeka.
- Uma umonakalo ulinganiselwa kusuka ku-1000 kuya ku-2500 ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane, Ukujeziswa kungaba ngesimo senhlawulo enama-ruble angama-3000 kuya ku-5 ukuntshontzwa kwento eyebiwe, ukubopha kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-15 noma amahora angama-120 emisebenzi yomphakathi.
- Ngenani lentshontshiwe, edlula ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-2500 kungasongela isikweletu sobugebengu (ubuciko. 158 yeKhodi yobugebengu yeRussia Federation) nesikhathi sangempela sokuphetha (kuya ngezimo) kusuka eminyakeni emi-2 noma ngaphezulu. Izijeziso ziqokwa kanjena:
- inhlawulo ngosayizi womholo wezinyanga eziyisithupha, noma ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-80;
- Umsebenzi Womphakathi ufike emahoreni angama-350;
- ukuboshwa (ukuboshwa izinyanga ezi-4);
- ukuboshwa iminyaka engafika emi-2.
Izici ezinolaka zithathwa njengokuthunjwa kwezokuhamba ngenani elingeqile ama-ruble angama-5,000 yiqembu elihlelekile ngokwakha uzungu oluyimfihlo, ngokungena endaweni yokuhlala. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isijeziso siqinile:
- Inhlawulo ingaba ngama-ruble angama-200,000;
- Umsebenzi ophoqelelwe - amahora angama-450;
- Ngokuya ngezinto ezahlukahlukene eziqinisa, isijeziso singafinyelela eminyakeni emi-5 ejele.
Isikweletu sobugebengu somthetho sivela eminyakeni engu-16, kepha abe yintsha eneminyaka eyi-14 bangaphendula ngokwemithetho yaseRussia yokweba. Uma iminyaka ye-Violerator ingaphansi kwalesi sikhathi, inhlawulo kufanele ikhokhe abazali.
Qoqa Ubufakazi Bokubonakalayo
Ezimweni eziningi, amabhayisekili antshontshe okufakwayo namahholo, Abaningi babo abangakuqiniseli ngisho nezintambo, Kukholelwa ngokukholelwa ukuthi umnyango womphakathi ngelokhi noma nge-intercom ungakuvikela. Endaweni yesibili - ukweba ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, ezindaweni zokupaka izimoto, ezitolo ezinkulu. Isigebengu sivele sinciphise ikhebula elivela enqabeni. Kunamacala okudunwa kusuka emagalaji, emagumbini aphansi, ama-balconies. Kwesinye isikhathi abephula umthetho bahlukumeza, bebhekene nentando yabanikazi, bagibele ibhayisekili "futhi bangabuyi. Uma umnikazi engatholi ibhayisekili endaweni, lapho amshiya khona, Kuyadingeka ukwenza amaphoyisa ngokushesha. Ama-90% awo wonke amacala avezwa "kuma-hot ashisayo".
Ngaphambi kokufika kwamaphoyisa, ungaqhuba izenzo ezilandelayo.
- Ubuqotho, mhlawumbe othile wabona ukuthi umgibeli wamabhayisekili wabekwa kanjani phambili, futhi njengoba ebukeka. Uma ofakazi bokuzibonela batholakala, ukuxhumanisa kufanele kuthathwe kubo, kungadingeka eminye imisebenzi yezomthetho.
- Hlola i-alamu, isela lingalahla amarisidi, amathikithi, izinto zomuntu ezingasiza ukuya emkhondweni wesigebengu.
- Okulandelayo, udinga ukunaka izimoto ezipakwe nxazonke, ukukhomba lezo zirekhodi ezivela ku-DVRs eziqhutshwa ngazo, zilinde abanikazi bemishini bese bebheka izinto ezirekhodiwe nazo. Uma abasebanini belahlekelwe isikhathi eside, ungazama ukushiya inothi ngenombolo yakho yocingo nencazelo yesimo.
- Hlola izakhiwo eziseduze nezinye izinto lapho amakhamera wevidiyo angatholakala khona. Kamuva, kungenzeka ukuthola ukuthi bangobani futhi abancenga abanikazi ukuthi babonise izinto ezifakiwe. Okubi kakhulu, uma amakhamera wevidiyo angezozinhlangano zikamasipala, azodinga imvume ekhethekile yokuzibuka, futhi kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi.
Isithuthuthu, sathunjwa emnyango, kunzima ngokwengeziwe, amayadi mancane futhi akuvamisile ukufakwa ngamakhamera wokubhekwa kwevidiyo. Kepha ukusesha kusamele kwenziwe ngokwesikimu esichazwe ngenhla. Ukwenza lula ukusesha imoto elahlekile, udinga ukuzama ukuhlinzeka ngamaphoyisa ngangokunokwenzeka: Bheka ukuthenga, ipasipoti, inombolo yohlaka, izithombe, uma ikhona.
Abanikazi abaningi bayazi konke ukuklanywa, ukulahleka kanye nezinye izici zabo abazithandayo futhi kalula bayazibona phakathi kwezinkulungwane zamabhayisekili.
Ungasifaka kanjani isicelo?
Ukuhambisa isitatimende emaphoyiseni mayelana nokwebiwa kwebhayisekili, abaningi abakholelwa ukuthi bazokuthola, kodwa kusadinga ukukwenza. Uma ukusesha okuzimele kuzonikeza umphumela, ukuba khona kwesitatimende neminye imibhalo esemthethweni kuzosiza ukususa ibhayisekili kusuka esigebengwini. Okunzima kakhulu lapho kuthunyelwa isitatimende, ukumncenga ukuthi amukele esiteshini samaphoyisa. Abasebenzi bazobhekisa ukungatholakali kwenkinga nokulayisha okukhulu. Kepha kufanele kube ukuphikelela, Bheka umyalo woMnyango Wezangaphakathi weRussia kusuka ku-O1. O3.2012 No. 140, ukuzethula kumuntu onolwazi, ukulungele ukulwa namalungelo akhe.
Ungarekhoda igama lesikhulu somsebenzi owenqaba ukwamukela isicelo, umphathe isikhalazo. Uma kunqatshiwe futhi, Kufanele uthumele isitatimende ngeposi, ngencazelo nesaziso. Kusayithi, zonke izinhlamvu zibhalisiwe futhi ngeke kwenzeke ukushintsha noma yini. Isicelo sesampula singatholakala kwi-Intanethi, noma sithole okungekho esiteshini samaphoyisa. Amadokhumenti adonswa phezulu kanjena: ekhoneni lesobunxele kudonswa "cap", lapho igama legama lendawo likhonjiswe. Lesi sikhungo sibhalwe enkabeni. Okulandelayo kubikwa:
- Ukuchazwa okugcwele kwebhayisekili elebiwe ngokusetshenziswa kwamadokhumenti nezithombe;
- Izimo ezazithunjwa ngaphansi kwazo;
- Isikhathi lapho amacala nekheli zinikelwe, lapho konke kwenzeka khona;
- ubufakazi bokuzibonela obukhombisa imininingwane yabo yokuxhumana;
- Ekugcineni, inombolo kanye nesiginesha kunamathiselwe.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwemininingwane mayelana nokweba
Kungekudala, ukumenyezelwa kokunyamalala kwanikezwa ephephandabeni. Namuhla ukutholakala kwe-Intanethi kukuvumela ukuthi udlulise imininingwane mayelana nokwebiwa kwebhayisekili komunye nomunye. Ungasebenzisa izinsiza ezilandelayo:
- Ama-Databases aqongelela imininingwane ephathelene nokuthambekela kanye nokucinga kwamabhayisekili ("ukujaha ukudunwa", "ukusesha kwe-velo");
- amanethiwekhi omphakathi;
- Amasayithi akwaThematic (amakilabhu we-LED, izinkundla, izikhangiso).
Ngolwazi oluthunyelwe, udinga ukuchaza kahle lesi sigameko, chaza indawo nesikhathi, engeza izithombe futhi, uma kunevidiyo kusuka kumakhamera wokuhlola, sebenzisa izingcezwana lapho isigelekeqe sibonakala kahle. Izinto ezibonakalayo kumele zibe mfushane, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, anakele, ziqukethe yonke imininingwane edingekayo. Imibhalo emide kakhulu ayiqediwe ekugcineni, ngakho-ke akufanele uwagcwalise ngemizwa nemininingwane eyeqile.
Umsebenzi wamasayithi awuqukethe kuphela ekubekeni imininingwane. Baheha umphakathi enkingeni, nikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ye-thematic, buyekeza idatha njalo. Kukhona nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zocingo ezinethuba lokuthola imininingwane ngebhayisekili labo.
Ngabe kukhona amabhayisekili aphelele?
Ngokusho kwezibalo, ukwethuka ngebhayisekili njalo, ngoba yizimoto ezingabizi kakhulu ezitholakalayo. Abaniniyo bavame ukungabi nalutho kwabo nokungabi nazibonelelo bavumela amacala ekuphanjweni. Shiya amabhayisekili "umzuzu", owanele ukusho kahle impahla yakhe. Emthethweni weRussian Federation, yize kungaqondile, kepha kunezindatshana ezingenzeka ngazo ukubhekana nemfanelo yokuba ngebhayisekili. Kepha empeleni kwenzeka kakhulu.
Izinto zeforamu nezibalo zikhuluma ngamaphesenti aphansi amacala anjalo.
Kuyavela ukuthi "insindiso yokuminza ngumsebenzi wezandla zokucwilisa." Ukuphequlula izikhangiso ngokuthengisa amabhayisekili asetshenzisiwe nokuvakashela izimakethe ezinjalo kungakhubeka phezu kwesithuthuthu esilahlekile futhi, funda udlame, khetha okuhle kwakho. Kepha isisulu siba yisigebengu. Kulokhu, kungcono ukuxhumana namaphoyisa futhi uthembele esitatimendeni esisele ngaphambili, ugcizelele ngokuhoxiswa kwemoto. Kuyadabukisa ukuthi amabhayisekili antshontshiwe athengiswa kalula. Bathengwe yizikhangiso ikota kusuka kunani lokuqala kunamasela ajabulele.
Izigebengu zingakhethwa nganoma iyiphi ibhayisekili, kusuka ku-Soviet yezingane noma e-Old Soviet kuya kuhlu lwezemidlalo olubizayo. Kodwa okuncamelayo kunikezwa amabhayisekili asemayini abiza ama-ruble angama-20-30, angakwazi ukusindisa kalula kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezi-5 kuye kwayi-10. Izisulu ziziphatha ngokungalungile, ziphendukele emaphoyiseni sekwephuze kakhulu, futhi ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuthola ibhayisekili kulula kakhulu ekuqaleni kwamahora okuqala ngemuva kokubiwa.
Ithuba elincane lokuyithola ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala, futhi ngokuzayo kunokuncane okuzofanele ukubathembe.
Mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma ibhayisekili lebiwe, bheka ividiyo elandelayo.