Wonke umuntu okungenani wake wezwa ngomsebenzi womakhenikha wemoto. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka wazi kahle ukuthi uProfazi uthi ngalesi sikhundla, elinqunyelwe izincazelo zomsebenzi ezijwayelekile. Umakhenikha wemoto kumele ube nezimfanelo ezithile zomuntu siqu, ulwazi namakhono.
Ubani lowo?
Umsebenzi we-autoslemer usho, kanjena olandelayo ngegama lawo, izinhlobo ezilula zokukhohlisa ezinezingxenye zemoto. Okulula kusho ukuthi lezo ezingenziwa ngesandla noma zisebenzise imishini yokuqala. Lo msebenzi ungcwaningakazi hhayi kuphela ngokulungiswa kwezokuthutha, kodwa futhi nokuxilongwa kwezobuchwepheshe okuyisisekelo. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi umakhenikha wokulungisa izimoto uyafana nomakhenikha wemoto. Kepha leli yiphutha elikhulu.
Izici ezithile zomsebenzi womashini wemoto - Iqiniso lokuthi ugxile emizamweni yalo ekuxazululeni nasekugcinweni kwezokuthutha. Izokwenza neminye imisebenzi eminingi kanye nokukhohlisa. Umakhenikha wemoto ungaphansi komakhenikha wemoto. Iqiniso ngukuthi ubuhlakani bokusebenza bokugcina busho ulwazi olujulile lwemishini yesimanjemanje yokulungisa izimoto nokulungisa. I-Saleries kubi kancane kunokuzibandakanya kuma-motors nezinye izindawo zokuhamba eziyinkimbinkimbi zezobuchwepheshe.
Kodwa-ke, bangapenda imoto, futhi uma kunesidingo - Umsebenzi we-welding.
I-Car Matmad Mechanic Bhalisela umakhenikha wemoto futhi wenze yonke imiyalo yayo eqondile. Inqubo yokusebenza insizakalo yemoto imvamisa isho ukwamukelwa kwemishini efika ngumashini wemoto. Ihlola isimo futhi inikeze imiyalo, kanjani nokuthi ulungisa kanjani ngokuqondile.
Ukulungiswa ngamafemu amakhulu, njengoMechanics, ube nobuchwepheshe obuncane.
Izinzuzo nokukhohlisa
Inani lezimoto uma lingakhule, khona-ke noma kunjalo, kunoma yikuphi kungancipha. Ngakho-ke, inani labangochwepheshe abasebenza nabo akufanele linciphise kakhulu. Njengoba kunikezwe ukwanda okukhulayo kochwepheshe bokusiza abantu, isidingo sombukiso we-auto kanye ne-auto mechanics sizokwanda kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okunjalo Ochwepheshe bangasebenza cishe kunoma iyiphi inhlangano. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kungakhiqizi, akukho mpahla yokuthenga noma umbukiso, hhayi kuphela ukuthi benza ngaphandle kwemoto.
Isiphetho sisobala: Ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi ngokulungiswa kwezingozi ngombono obonakalayo cishe akusongeli. Ngesizathu esifanayo Izinga lemali lizoba phezulu ngokwanele. Okubalulekile, ochwepheshe bokulungiswa kwezimoto banethuba lokushesha "ukukhuthaza", bathola umbuthano omusha wabajwayelenayo. I-Master enhle yaziwa ngokushesha kwabanikazi bezimoto edolobheni layo kanye nesifunda. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi unciphise kakhulu ukuncika kubaqashi abathile.
Amanye ama-auto mechanics kanye ne-autoslese, isipiliyoni sokuthayipha, vula amabhizinisi abo. Futhi lezi zinkampani zokulungisa ziyachuma. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi onjalo ubuthakathaka obukhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuzodingeka ukuba ube nefomu elifanele lomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulungiswa kwemoto kufaka phakathi umsebenzi omningi osebenzayo, obuhlungu.
Iziphathimandla zokuphefumula ziyohlala zihlupheka Kusuka ku-Fuel Vapor, ukuhwamuka ukugcwala kanye nokunye uketshezi lobuchwepheshe, ama-reagents. Imisindo nokudlidliza nakho kunzima ukubiza izinzuzo zezempilo. Ingxenye yokwehla kwempahla kufanele yenziwe emoyeni ovulekile, kwesinye isikhathi ezimweni zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.
Futhi konke lokhu kufanele kufakwe umthwalo wemfanelo owengeziwe wezinsizakalo zokulungisa. Kuya ngokobuhlungu kokubili kwabanikazi bezimoto kanye nempilo yabo, impilo.
Xosha
1 Umakhenikha wemoto 1 Ihlukanisa izimoto ezilula zeVenodas. Udinga okwakhe:
- Amasu asemqoka umsebenzi walolu hlobo;
- Izimiso zokusebenzisa amapayipi namathuluzi wokulinganisa (amasistimu);
- Imininingwane eyisisekelo mayelana nezinsimbi kanye nophethiloli kanye nophethiloli, mayelana namanye amanzi ezobuchwepheshe nemishini yokuwasha imishini.
Abamele umsebenzi osebenza kanjalo Ukukhishwa kwe-Locksmith 2 Ukusebenza namaloli, Kufanele uhlukanise amaloli amakhulu (ngaphandle kokuthi ukhethekile futhi afakwe izinjini zedizili). Ochwepheshe abanjalo bangasebenza ngokuzethemba ngamabhasi aphansi kanye nezithuthuthu, ngezimoto zabagibeli. Badinga ukukwazi:
- Idatha ebalulekile kumadivayisi azenzakalelayo nawomthuthuthu;
- Imithetho yokuhlangana-ukungafani nemininingwane elula;
- izindlela zokusebenza nge-wiring yezimoto;
- Izidingo zokuqoqwa kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene;
- izindlela zokusebenzisa ithuluzi le-pneumatic nelokugesi;
- Imininingwane eyinhloko ngokubekezelelana kanye nokufika kwayo, mayelana neziqu nobulukhuni.
3 khipha ekukhetheni komakhenikha wemoto Inika ilungelo lokusebenza nodizili nezimoto eziyinkimbinkimbi, amabhasi amade, izithuthuthu. Abasebenzi abanjalo nabo banelungelo lokulungisa ukuxhumana okunokwethenjelwa okuthembekile futhi bashintshe imininingwane ehleliwe. Bazokwazi ukuhlukanisa amadivayisi ayinkimbinkimbi nemishini kagesi. Umakhenikha wemoto ka-3 ulungele ngokuphelele ukugcina imininingwane ecubungulweni ezifundweni eziyi-11-12. Vele, udinga ukwazi amapharamitha aphambili wobulukhuni bensimbi.
I-4 compact ye-autoslemer isho cishe izinhlobo ezinjalo zomsebenzi:
- Ukufakwa kwe-Camshafts;
- ukungahlukanisi kwama-generator kagesi;
- ukulungisa kanye nomhlangano wazo zonke izinhlobo zama-motors;
- Ukuhlolwa okubukwayo kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-hydraulic transformers;
- ukuguqula ama-engeli wokuhlangana kwesondo;
- Ukukhohlisa ngama-gearges, amabhuloho nama-brake pads.
5 Mechanic Uyakwazi ukuguqula nokuhlola izitebhisi nakwi-chassis ikakhulukazi amadivaysi ayinkimbinkimbi nama-node. Kumele azishintshe ekunakekelweni kwansuku zonke. Lo chwepheshe usungula amathuluzi kanye namayunithi wemishini kagesi yezimoto, kubandakanya nabo. Ubandakanyeka futhi ecubungula okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi ikakhulukazi. Amadijithi ayi-5 asho ukuthi uchwepheshe uzokwazi ukuthola imbangela yomonakalo noma ukugqokwa kwezingxenye ze-conjugate, uzobona lezi ziphutha futhi aziqede.
Kuyafaneleka ukusho mayelana nama-amotors of 6 det. Amakhosi anjalo angasebenza eziteshini nase-chassis, alinganisela isimo sezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu namadivayisi. Balungisa izindawo zokuxhumana, baziphatha futhi bahlole. Ngokwemiphumela yomsebenzi, kukhishwa ukwamukela amadokhumenti afanele kanye nemibhalo yokulethwa. I-Master idinga ukuthi ingamakhono onke akuvumela ukuthi ubuyise ngokuphelele izingxenye ezikhathele futhi uziqinise.
Ku-ETKK, ukukhishwa kwamakhekhemeyili ngogesi ukulungisa imishini kagesi kunqunyelwe. 2 khipha Inika ilungelo lokuqamba kabusha nokulungisa izinto ezahlukahlukene ezilula zikagesi. Ochwepheshe baleli zinga asebenza ngama-Tees, amabhokisi kanye nokuqoqwa. Insabele Izigaba ezi-3 Sebenza nama-Ammeter, ama-volmeters kanye ne-selenium rexifers. Basengasebenza ngemishini yobunzima obuphakathi futhi bahlanganyele emigqeni yezimpahla.
4 Imashini enamadijithi ukulungisa i-Auto Electrician kusho ukulungela ukusebenza ngemishini kagesi emimo yendawo eqinile ekhawulelwe. Lokhu kuhlanza kunikeza ilungelo lokuzibandakanya ekubekeni nasekunciphiseni izinto zikagesi. Imvamisa, ongoti abanjalo bangasebenza ekuthuthweni kwesitimela. Balungisa futhi basungule ukusebenza kwedivaysi kagesi esemqoka ye-Diesel Locomotives, izindawo zikagesi. Futhi bazibandakanye ekukhohlisweni okuhlukahlukene nge:
- ababhalisi;
- amaphaneli;
- Amaphaneli kagesi;
- abaqoqi bamanje;
- Amadivayisi we-motor umoya;
- izibhamu;
- izinkambu ezikhuphukayo;
- abaqoqi bamanje;
- TurbocEnerators.
Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukutshela injini yokulungisa. 2 khipha Inika ilungelo lokusebenza nezingxenye zama-motors ezivela ezimfanelweni eziyi-11-12. Amakhosi aphuma izingxenye zesibili, iziteshi zamafutha wepompo, alinganise izindawo ezahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlanganisela. 3 khipha Ikuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngezindawo ngazinye zezinjini ze-turbine yegesi, kanye nezinjini ze-piston zazo zonke izinhlobo nemikhiqizo - Hlukana futhi uqoqe.
Ochwepheshe balelizinga izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi brand, ezibekwe ezinjini zezindawo ezilula zesibili.
Incazelo yomsebenzi
Ngokusho kwencazelo ejwayelekile yomsebenzi, izibopho ze-autoslemer ikakhulukazi ziku:
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye ezilula eziyinhlanganisela;
- Sika i-chisel;
- ukusika nokugcwalisa izingxenye;
- izingxenye zokugeza;
- intambo yerabha;
- Faka i-lubrication imininingwane.
Futhi, umakhenikha wemoto wenza ukusikwa, ukufakwa kwezingxenye zezingxenye ezahlukahlukene ze-wiring, kuthengise izintambo. Ihlola ukusebenza kwemininingwane ehlukahlukene isebenzisa amadivayisi adingekayo. Futhi, ibeka amadivaysi kanye nezinto zokusebenza ngohlelo oluqinisekisiwe, kubandakanya nabo kunethiwekhi. Umakhenikha wokulungiswa kwezimoto usabandakanyeka:
- ukufakwa kwamapayipi okuyinkimbinkimbi;
- ukulinganisa izingxenye ku-statics kanye namandla;
- Ukuxilongwa kanye nokulungiswa kwezihlanganisi ezahlukahlukene;
- ukuqinisekiswa kokuhambisana kwezindawo zezimo zobuchwepheshe;
- Ukuhlola ukunemba komhlangano, ukulungisa amapharamitha afeziwe okusebenza.
Ukuqokwa kanye nokususwa komakhenikha wemoto kwenziwa imiyalo yokuphathwa kwenhlangano. Ukuthatha lokhu okuthunyelwe udinga ukugcwala Ezemfundo Yezemfundo . Umakhenikha wemoto mathupha ulungiselela indawo yokusebenza, uhlole ukuba khona kwengxenye edingekayo. Ubuye alungiselele izimoto ukuze alungise, abahlali bahlanze futhi abahlanze. Umsebenzi wakhe ukuhlanganiswa kwemoto, ezokhipha ingozi yezingozi.
Ukunqunywa kokuqina kwezingxenye zomuntu ngamunye kwenziwa ngokusondelana nabashayeli. Ngokwemiphumela yomsebenzi, umakhenikha wemoto unikeza umbiko ngomphumela, mayelana nemininingwane esetshenzisiwe. Uma engakwazi ukuqeda izimbangela zengozi noma izingozi, uphoqelekile ukuba azise ubuholi bakhe ngokushesha.
Inkosi nayo ihamba okungenani kanye ngonyaka wezokwelashwa. Umsebenzi wakhe osemqoka ukufeza izindinganiso zokuvikela abasebenzi, imithetho yokuhlanza, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuzivikela emacaleni.
Izidingo
Izimfanelo zomuntu siqu
Izici zesimo sobuchwepheshe obunjalo yilezi:- inkumbulo enhle;
- Wanaka;
- amandla okuhlaziya ngokushesha isimo;
- ubudlelwano;
- Ukushintsha okusheshayo;
- Ukukhuthazela ngokomzimba nangokuqonda;
- ukupenda, ukunemba.
Ulwazi namakhono
I-Profesandard evunyelwe ichaza lolu lwazi namakhono afana nalokhu:
- ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi ebhukwana, ama-pneumatic kanye nogesi;
- Ihlola ukusebenza kwezingxenye ngazinye;
- Ukuhlolwa kokuqina;
- Bheka ikhwalithi yama-fasteners;
- Ihlola ingcindezi yemigwaqo emikhulu namathayi;
- Ihlola ukuphelela kwemoto;
- ukutholwa okubonakalayo kweziphambeko zangaphandle;
- Ubunikazi bemigomo yedivayisi yazo zonke izimoto, izici zezitho zabo.
Ukuqeqeshwa kanye nomsebenzi
Ukuze ube umakhenikha wemoto, udinga ukuya emakolishi nalezi zinto ezikhethekile:
- "Ukuhamba komhlaba nezobuchwepheshe";
- "Izindawo zokuhamba nezobuchwepheshe";
- "Ukulungiswa nokulungiswa kwezithuthi zomgwaqo."
Ukuqeqeshwa okufanayo nokuhola okuthuthukile kokuhola Amandla ajwayelekile okujwayelekile we-Baltic University of Cant, The State University of Sakhalin, e-University of Saratov, e-University of Vavilov. Uma kunqunywa ukuthi ukhethe amakolishi ahambisanayo, kungcono ukuzulazula I-Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Naberezhnaya Chelinsky, Izhevsks Educational Institutions . Kulapho lapho kunesizinda esihle kakhulu sobuchwepheshe nokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umakhenikha we-auto, umakhenikha we-auto eba yiminyaka emi-2-3 yokuzijwayeza. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto efiselekayo ukunakekela izikhala kwinqubo yokufunda.
Imvamisa iqala ekuqaleni Ngomakhenikha wemoto osizayo. Isipiliyoni yikho kanye okufundwayo. Isikhundla esikhulu singatholakala okungenani izinyanga ezi-2-3. Akudingekile ukubalwa ekukhuleni komsebenzi omkhulu, kunezinyathelo ezi-2 kuphela eziphambili - Umsizi nenkosi. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inhlalakahle izokhula.
Umholo
Umakhenikha wemoto, njengoba sekushiwo, uthola imali ehlelekile. Ngokwesilinganiso, iholo lisukela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 kuye kwangama-80. Imali engenayo enkulu yalabo ochwepheshe engxenyeni yaseYurophu yezwe iseMoscow. Okuningi, nokho, kuncike ebhizinisini elithile nakwizinga leziqu. EKhmao no-Ynao, ungathola ngisho nangaphezu kwenhloko-dolobha (hhayi engama-50, ne-55-56,000).
Nazi ezinye izinombolo:
- Isifunda saseTula - izinkulungwane ezingama-43;
- Isifunda saseMurmansk - izinkulungwane ezingama-42;
- IDagestan - izinkulungwane ezingama-42;
- UKalelia - 41.5 Izinkulungwane;
- Isifunda saseKamchatka - amawaka angama-46.
