Esikhathini esidlule, umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza wawubonakala ngobunzima nobungozi obukhulu empilweni. Futhi nokho abafana abaningi baphupha ngokunqoba isibhakabhaka. Ngeshwa, akuwona wonke umuntu okwazile ukubona leli phupho libe ngokoqobo. Okulandelayo, izikhathi zamasosha sezifikile, lapho wonke umuntu ofuna ukuvikela umhlaba angaba umshayeli wendiza, esedlule inkambo yokufunda ecindezelwe. Abazali nabagogoduli kuze kube namuhla baxoxa izindaba eziphathelene nobuqhawe, udumo, isibindi kwabashayeli bezindiza. Futhi emva kwempi, ifilimu yaseSoviet "Abasebenzi" bakhombisa ubulukhuni bomsebenzi wabashayeli bezindiza bezindiza.
Ngo-2016, ifilimu elithi "The Crew" lathuthelwa ngendlela yanamuhla, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho ithuba lokungena esikoleni sendiza landa kaningana. Futhi lokho kuyaphawuleka, hhayi kuphela abafana, kodwa futhi namantombazane awela enanini labashayeli bezindiza besikhathi esizayo.
Ubuhlakani
Umshayeli wendiza uchwepheshe onolwazi lwe-theory kanye nemikhuba emkhakheni wokuphathwa kwezindiza wezempi kanye nezomphakathi. Kulokhu, sikhuluma ngendiza encane, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane kanye 'nokuzijabulisa' okukhulu. Kubantu abaningi, amagama athi "umshayeli" no "umshayeli" abonakala evunyelwe. Kepha uma ucabanga ngawo, la manani amabili aphakamisa ubuchwepheshe obuningana obuhlukahlukene. Abashayeli bezindiza babizwa ngokuthi ongoti abaphatha izindiza zomphakathi. Abashayeli bezindiza bahleli ngemuva kwe-Helm yemikhakha yezempi.
Ngokuvamile, abashayeli bezindiza bangochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu, ngaphandle kokugcinwa kwezimpahla kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuphepha kwabagibeli. Kubashayeli bezindiza banomthwalo omkhulu, kungabhekana nanoma ngubani. Esikhathini esibayeni sezikhundla zombuso, abashayeli bezindiza ababili bakhona njengamanje, kanye nomkhuzi womkhumbi, i-navigator kanye nonjiniyela wendiza.
Uma kwenzeka kunesimo sokukhululeka, baxazulula inkinga ndawonye, futhi uma kunesidingo, bafuna usizo kumalawuli wethrafikhi yomoya esekela ukuxhumana okuvela emhlabathini.
Ngokuqinisekile abaningi bake bezwa imishwana 'yoshayeli wezindiza abavela kuNkulunkulu' noma "esikhundleni sezandla zamaphiko." Abanye bathi kuyisingathekiso sokudumisa, kepha uma ucabanga ngakho, cabanga konke "ngoba" futhi "kuphambene", kuyacaca ukuthi la magama - incazelo yabashayeli bezindiza ngamunye. Isibonelo, umshayeli wokuphatha imoto yakhe kufanele azizwe imoto. Futhi umshayeli womshayeli kumele azizwe emkhunjini wonke, ngamunye wemishini yakhe, abantu abambalwa abanamandla. Ngakho-ke umshayeli wendiza akuyona umsebenzi, kepha ukubizwa.
Ukulawula indiza, kuyadingeka ukwazi izidingo zezobuchwepheshe kanye nemigomo yezindiza. Ukwazi ukugxila, landela isimo sezempilo nesibonakalayo, ukuzithuthukisa. Njalo ngonyaka amamodeli amasha endiza ayakhiwa, futhi umshayeli wendiza kufanele aqonde ubuciko bokulawula kwabo. Kulokhu, abashayeli bezindiza kumele bavakashele izifundo zokuqeqesha njalo, ngemuva kwalokho bathola isitifiketi.
Kuningi okubonakala sengathi imisebenzi yomshayeli ifaka indiza yendiza isuka kwelinye iphuzu iye kwenye. Kepha eqinisweni, balungiselela indiza ukuba bayithumele, balandele umsebenzi wazo zonke izindlela zohlelo ngesikhathi sendiza, yenza indawo ephumelelayo. Umzuzwana ngamunye wesikhathi sabo sokusebenza uxhumeke ngokuhlushwa okuphezulu kanye nokubambisana, ngoba asabeli ukuphepha kwabo, kodwa futhi nokuphila kwabagibeli abahleli kwikhabethe.
Ubulukhuni bomsebenzi wabashayeli bezindiza abanakuphonswa inselelo. Futhi umthwalo omkhulu kangaka ufaka ukukhokha okufanele kwezabasebenzi. Ngisho nabashayeli bezindiza abasebancane abahlasela okungenani ngehora bathola iholo elifanele, kaningana ephakeme kakhulu kunomholo ojwayelekile wonjiniyela abajwayelekile.
Izinzuzo nobubi
Lo msebenzi ungumshayeli wendiza - ethakazelisa kakhulu, kodwa eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Akuwona wonke umuntu ongabhekana nemisebenzi eyabelwe abashayeli bezindiza. kepha Ngokujwayelana ngokucophelela nalokhu okukhethekile, ungabela zombili izinhlangothi ezinhle nezinhle. Izinzuzo zomsebenzi zibhebhethekisa udumo. Abashayeli bezindiza baziswa kakhulu kunoma yiliphi idolobha kunoma yiliphi izwe. Banezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lemali engenayo. Abashayeli bezindiza bahlala befunwa emakethe yezabasebenzi. Zinikezwa ngephakethe eligcwele lezenhlalo. Iminyaka yabo yokuthatha umhlalaphansi iza ngaphambili, kunokuba inikeze izindinganiso ezamukelwe ngokuvamile.
Okubi kungumsebenzi omkhulu, izidingo eziqinile, ukuqhubeka nokusekelwa kwezempilo kanye nesimo sempilo, kuyinkimbinkimbi ekwakheni umndeni. Njengomthetho, abashayeli bezindiza bacishe babe esibhakabhakeni. Zingathunyelwa ezindizeni zesikhathi eside zomhlaba wonke ngaphandle kokungena esikhumulweni sezindiza iNode isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga. Ngakho-ke, akuyena wonke umuntu wesifazane ozokwazi ukubekezelela.
Amakhono
Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo eziningana zezindlela zokundiza, phakathi kwawo umfakisicelo kufanele akhethe lokho akwazi kakhulu. I-Civil Aviation iyisidingo esikhulu. Abashayeli bezindiza besikhathi esizayo bayaqeqeshwa, ngemuva kokuthi iziqu zithola ilayisense lokuthengisa, ngenxa yokuthi bangathola umsebenzi kunoma iyiphi indiza. Ngaphandle kokuthola amahora wendiza, umshayeli wokuqala kuqala uthathwa njengomuntu ofunda futhi usebenza njengomsizi. Ngenye indlela, ungathola inkambo yokufunda kwiklabhu yendiza. Kepha kulokhu, uchwepheshe uzoba nelungelo lokuphatha izinkantolo ezincane kuphela.
Kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuqondiswa kwezempi zezempi. Inkonzo e-Air Force iqhubeka ngokungathi sína kakhulu futhi ibe yingozi kakhulu kunokusebenzisa izindiza zokuhweba. Labo abakhethe ukuhanjiswa kwamasosha kuzodingeka banqume ngendiza. Othile onjengomlindi, elinye ibhomu, elinesifiso sesithathu endizeni yezobunhloli, kanti okwesine Khetha izindiza ezinophephela emhlane nhlobo. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukuthola kusenesikhathi, kusukela lapho ufunda kuzofanele uqonde ubunzima bendiza. Ukuthola umshayeli wezempi, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa eyodwa yezindlela ezimbalwa. Owokuqala uphakamisa insizakalo ebuthweni. Ngemuva kokudlula kwikhomishini yezokwelapha, umbhali uthola indlela eya engxenyeni. Kepha le ndlela ayihambelani ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba uhlobo oluhluke ngokuphelele lwamasosha lungakhonjiswa ngendlela. Okwesibili kuthembeke ngokwengeziwe. Usho ukungena esikoleni sendiza yezempi.
Kuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuqondiswa kokuhlolwa kwendiza. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe bale ndawo bancane kakhulu namuhla. Lokhu akuxhunyiwe nengozi yomsebenzi, kepha ngenani elincane lezindiza ezempi ezidaliwe. Izindiza zezempi zincamela ukuvumela izivivinyo zemikhumbi emisha yochwepheshe abafakazelwe, hhayi abasanda kufika, kuphela abaphetha ngezifundo zabo. Umsebenzi ophambili wabashayeli bezindiza ukuhlolwa kwezindiza ezintsha. Bazembula izinzuzo nezinhlekelele, bakhombisa ukushiyeka okungenzeka ukuthi abaklami kufanele balungise. Futhi kuphela ngemuva kokuhlola okuhle kweKhomishini, umkhumbi wamasosha owethulwa ekukhiqizweni.
Ikhwalithi namakhono ayadingeka.
Umshayeli wendiza ungumsebenzi onzima. Imisebenzi yayo ayifaki kuphela ukulethwa kwabagibeli kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye, kodwa futhi nokuhlola okuphelele komkhumbi wendiza ngaphambi kokuthumela, kanye nokulandela umkhondo wesistimu yendiza ngesikhathi sokundiza nalapho kufika. Uhlu oluyisibopho lwamakhono abashayeli bezindiza luhlanganisa lezi zidingo ezilandelayo:
- Amandla okuhlela ukulungiswa kwalo lonke iqembu ukubalekela;
- ulwazi nge-TB;
- Ukusetshenziswa kwendiza ezimweni ezingezinhle;
- Amandla okuhlaziya meteorological;
- Amandla okuyeka ukwesabisa isenzo ngokumelene nabagibeli;
- ukulungiswa okufanele kwemibhalo;
- Ukuze ukwazi ukuhlukanisa ama-nuances endiza nabasebenzi.
Ngokubambisana nomshayeli wokuqala, umshayeli wesibili ukhona ebhodini izindiza zomphakathi. Kumele azi imithetho yokulungiselela umkhumbi ekuhambeni, ukuqonda imibhalo yendiza, yazi uhlelo lwendiza, ukwazi ukubheka ukuzulazula neminye imishini e-cockpit. Umshayeli wesibili kufanele azi ukuthi ancishiswe izindiza esebenzisa okuzenzakalelayo kanye namakhono we-navigator, ngoba uma kungenjalo, okufakwa esikhundleni kukhiqiza umshayeli wesibili.
Ngokuvamile, umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza akafanele wonke umuntu, kepha yilabo kuphela abanenkinga, ehlukile ekuzola, esimweni esingesihle kuhlala kunesizathu esicacile. Umshayeli wendiza kufanele abe nezinga eliphakeme lobuhlakani nememori enhle, umbono omuhle nesimo somzimba esinamandla. Umbono omuhle womshayeli wendiza ubandakanya i-eameter enembile kanye nekhono isikhathi eside ukwenza izenzo ezifanayo. Lo msebenzi ungqubuzana kubantu ngokwephulwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo vestibular, ukwethuka, isifo sengqondo nenhliziyo.
Ngaphezu kwezici zempilo, umshayeli wendiza akanacala kufanele abe nerekhodi lobugebengu, ukujeziswa kokuphatha. Akufanele idle izinto ezidakayo nezinotshwala.
-Phathelene nomuntu
Abashayeli bezindiza banoma iyiphi indiza abayethulwa hhayi kuphela ngezidingo zobungcweti kuphela, kodwa futhi nezimfanelo zomuntu siqu. Ubuholi, ukuthatha umsebenzi u-Internate, ufundela ngokucophelela umlingiswa wakhe, njengoba ukuhlolwa kwesimo esingokomzwelo kungenye yezikhiye zokuqashwa kochwepheshe osemthethweni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlu oluphambili lwezimfanelo zomuntu siqu ezidingekayo kumshayeli ngamunye unamathiselwe:
- ukugxila;
- ukusabela okusheshayo;
- uthando lokuphakama;
- ukuntuleka kwe-claustrophobia;
- ubuholi;
- ukucabanga kokuhlaziya.
-Yingcweti ekwenzeni okuthile
Amakhono we-Professional Pilots abhekwa njengobaluleke kakhulu:
- Umqondo wokuzithoba kwama-mechanics kanye nobunjiniyela bogesi;
- ulwazi lwehluzo zobunjiniyela;
- Ukuqonda amadivaysi omsakazo we-elekthronikhi;
- ukuhlelwa kwezindiza, izikhumulo zezindiza kanye nemichilo yokufika;
- Izici ezakhayo zendiza;
- Umbono kanye nokwenza emkhakheni wezinjini zezindiza;
- Ulwazi lwezilawuli zenkantolo ezizenzakalelayo ze-flight;
- Ulwazi lwezikhathi zenhlangano zethrafikhi yomoya.
Ungaba kanjani?
Ikhono lokuphathwa kwezindiza livela hhayi nje lokho. Futhi uhlelo lokuzifundela luvunyelwe kuphela ngolwazi lwengxenye yethiyori. Ukuthola amakhono asebenzayo nesimo somshayeli we-Professional, kuyadingeka ukuqeda isikhungo semfundo esikhethekile. Lapho ukhetha eyunivesithi, ofaka isicelo kufanele aqonde ukuthi ufuna ukundiza kanjani. Kuphakathi kwalezi zindiza ezejwayelekile zethrafikhi yabagibeli, noma amasosha noma wemikhumbi yezempi noma yokuhlola. Ngokukhetha ubuchwepheshe, ungakhetha isikole. Into esemqoka ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuhanjiswa okudlulayo nokuthola idiploma, udinga ukundiza inani elithile lamahora futhi uphumelele ngempumelelo isikhathi sesivivinyo. Futhi ngemuva kokuthi umshayeli wendiza angaqala ukwakha amacebo ngesihloko sikakaputeni wendiza.
ERussia, kungenzeka ukuthola imfundo yendiza esikhungweni semfundo esikhethekile nesiphakeme semfundo ephakeme. Uma uza ekolishi, khona-ke "ukuhlolwa kwendiza okukhethekile". Futhi e-University nase-Institute, kunikezwa ubuchwepheshe obukhulu ngokwengeziwe - "Ukusebenza kwezakhiwo zendiza" kanye "nokulawulwa kwendiza". Ukubhalisa ku-DSUS, kwanele ukukhombisa isitifiketi, umncintiswano wokutholwa udinga amaphuzu aphezulu naphezulu. Kanye nokwamukelwa eNyuvesi, kuzodingeka ukuthi ufundele ukuqeqeshwa okuncane, bese udlulisa ukusetshenziswa, okubandakanya isiRussia, izibalo, i-physics kanye ne-informatics. Isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kunoma yisiphi isikhungo semfundo siyiminyaka emi-5. Uma ufunda eyunivesithi emnyangweni obhalekayo, kuzothatha iminyaka eyi-6.
Okulandelayo kunikezwa uhlu lwamanyuvesi, lapho ungakwazi khona nje ufunde ngumshayeli wendiza, kepha ube yi-ASC yangempela:
- Mai;
- I-MSTU Yezindiza Zomphakathi;
- Uzicucu. Reshetnyeyev;
- I-Serpukhov Branch Varva.
Umshayeli wendiza uyingcweti eyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke azikho izifundo ezinyanga ezimbili zokuthuthukiswa kwalo msebenzi. Njengokuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ungabhalisela i-Flight School "Aeroflot", okuthatha iminyaka emi-2. Kodwa-ke, i-Aeroflot ibheka abazongenela ukhetho ngemfundo ephakeme yendiza.
Inkambo
Omunye ukholelwa ukuthi lo msebenzi umshayeli ngokuzayo ngeke ufune. Yikuphi intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ngendlela ye-robotic imishini ezosusa ngokuphelele abantu e-cockpit. Kepha akunjalo. Emhlabeni wanamuhla, akukho okuzokwazi ukushintshanisa ikhono lomuntu nokuzimisela ngaphakathi kwendiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, onjiniyela abaklami unyaka nonyaka bathuthukisa amamodeli amasha endiza anekhabethe elinethezekile lomshayeli wendiza. Ngakho-ke, ukumakwa okuncane kunamathemba amahle kakhulu.
Umshayeli okhethekile uqinisekisiwe kulowo nalowo ofaka isicelo, owaphothula esikhungweni semfundo esiphakeme. Kepha ngokushesha uthole umsebenzi wokuba ngumshayeli wendiza, uchwepheshe osemusha ngeke akwazi. Isikhathi sokuhlasela kwakhe sincane, futhi ukuphuma ngakunye esibhakabhakeni esivulekile esidlulile ngaphansi kokuqondisa komfundisi onolwazi. Okungenani okuhlangenwe nakho okuncane kuzosebenza ezinkampanini ezaziwa kakhulu, lapho ubhekene nomqeqeshi emkhunjini wezentengiselwano nasezindizeni ezincane. Futhi vele ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, ungakufanelekela isihloko se-Commander. Futhi-ke indinyana ivula i-career ladder. Kancane kancane uqhubekele phambili, kuzokwazi ukuba ngumholi wengxenye eyodwa yezindiza.
Ngokuqondene nomholo, abashayeli bezindiza bangaba nomona ochwepheshe abaningi bezobuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe. Ngokwesibonelo, Abashayeli bezindiza bemigqa yomoya ye-American Airline Delta Air Air bathola ama- $ 212 endizeni eyodwa, kodwa kuphela ngaphansi kwesimo samapuleti angaphezu kwama-65. E-Russia, inkokhelo iphansi ngandlela thile, kepha uma ukwahlulela ubuncane bokudla, abashayeli bezindiza bathola ngokufanele kakhulu. Isibonelo, abashayeli bezindiza benkampani eyaziwayo ye-Aeroflot ngamahora angama-85 kaPlaque athola ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-290. Uma umshayeli wendiza enza umsebenzi ngokujwayelekile, khona-ke bakhokha okuningi. Ngokusekelwe ekubaleni okuvezwe, kuyacaca ukuthi umholo ojwayelekile womshayeli waseRussia unama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-250.
Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi umsebenzi onjalo onamandla uhambisana nephakethe eligcwele lezenhlalo, umshuwalense ophoqelekile.
