Umhlaba wanamuhla womhlaba wonke usho inani elikhulu lobudlelwano phakathi kwabantu abehlukene kanye nezifundazwe - ngaphandle kokubambisana kwamanye amazwe kuzo zonke izindawo zomsebenzi womuntu, sizoqhubeka ngokwezinga lentuthuko enkulu kulokho okutholakele. Manje ngeke umangaze muntu ngolwazi ngezilimi ezimbili noma ezintathu, futhi kukhona labo abanesisindo esibize kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, konke kusezingeni le-colloquial, ukuxazulula izinkinga zasendlini, futhi ngemuva kwakho konke, ubuntu budinga abantu abangangena esifundweni sezilimi zakwamanye amazwe. Yize abameleli bobuchwepheshe obuningana bahlanganyela emisebenzini enjalo, amalimi amalimi phakathi kwabo adlala enye yezindima ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Ubani lowo?
Kuze kube manje, umqondo we-linguist unezakhamizi eziningi, kepha imvamisa akunjalo, ayilungile. Ikakhulu, uchwepheshe onjalo uvame ukubonwa njengomhumushi noma uthisha wakwelinye izwe. Futhi yize i-linguast ingenza imali ngalezi zinhlobo zemisebenzi, empeleni lapho umkhakha omkhulu wokulungiselela ungomunye. Ngokwencazelo, iLingiast iyizilimi, okungukuthi, umuntu onohlobo lososayensi olufunda ulimi, isakhiwo salo, imvelaphi, imithetho yentuthuko yentuthuko.
Kuliqiniso, uchwepheshe onjalo ungumnikazi wolimi noma izilimi ezikhethekile, kodwa indawo yayo yokuzibophezela ukucubungula izilimi, hhayi ukuhunyushwa kwebhanali. Umlando walo msebenzi uhamba ujule kakhulu kunalezo zinsuku lapho amaLinguist aqala ukubiza amalimi amalimi. Ukutadisha imigomo yokwakheka kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezilimi, laba bantu babemi emlandweni wokwakha umbhalo osebenzayo nemithetho yokuhumusha. Ezikhathini zangaphambili, abantu abanjalo bangabalwa eminweni ngisho nasemazweni amakhulu, futhi namhlanje baye baba ngaphezulu, kepha abakabi kangako ukuze isazi sefikolefisi noma umhumushi sibizwa ngokuthi yi-linguist.
Umsebenzi ochwepheshe ukuthi kude nanoma ngubani ongaphumelela okungenani emkhakheni womsebenzi. Kuyadingeka ukuba ube nezakhiwo eziningi nezimpawu, phakathi kwazo okubekwe kulo:
- Imemori enhle evumela ukuthi wena ugcine ulwazimagama olukhulu kanye nohlobo lwenye imininingwane ewusizo ekhanda lami;
- Ukuzwa okuhle kusiza ukuthwebula okufihliwe komsindo wemisindvo;
- Ukuthandwa kanye nokubekezela - izici ezisemqoka kubo bonke labo ababandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwesayensi yethiyori;
- Ukunakwa, ukucabanga kokuzihlanganisa nokuhlaziya kanye namakhono wokuhlaziya aklanyelwe ukusiza ukuqaphela hhayi amaphethini asobala kakhulu;
- Amandla okuveza ngokucacile imicabango yawo uqobo - ikuvumela ukuba uchaze labo abazungeza imibono yabo, ukuze badlulise ulwazi ngokungahambi kahle oluqoqwe yizilaleli.
Yini ehlukile kudokotela wezeziFilologikazi?
Ngenhla, sithinte kafushane inkinga ukuthi umugqa ocacile phakathi kosizo kanye nodokotela wezombuso wezefileko awubonakali emalokishini, futhi kubafakisicelo abaningi lokhu kuyinkinga, ngoba nabo bangaqondakali ukuthi bangobani. Ukuqonda umehluko ngaphambi kokunikezela impilo yakho emsebenzini othile, kubalulekile, futhi sikulungele ukusiza ukuthola ukuthi iLifiani ihluke yiliphi ilimi lefilologili.
Ake siqale ngalokho I-Lingiast iyinto ekhethekile eqhamuka egameni lesiLatini elithi "ulimi". Lokhu kuyizincwadi ngefomu lazo elihlanzekile - kunentshisekelo ngolimi futhi kuphela, kodwa kuzo zonke izici zalo ezincane. Umuntu onjalo uyathakazelisa kusuka endaweni enobuchwepheshe yokubuka imvelaphi yolimi nobudlelwano bayo ngezilimi ezihlobene, ukuthuthukiswa kwezilimi, ukwakheka kwamanje kolimi.
ILingiast igxile eqenjini lezilimi, izilimi ngazinye noma izilimi ezinemininingwane emincane kakhulu, imkhakha yenzalo yayo yesayensi nayo ingaba nge-syntax noma uhlelo lolimi. Imisebenzi esemqoka yomuntu onjalo kufanele ithuthukise imigomo yezilimi ezisebenzayo zokuhumusha nezilimi ezisebenzayo (zombili zomdabu kanye nezangaphandle), kanye nasekuqanjweni kwezincwadi nezincwadi.
Akunandaba ukuthi ayimangazi kangakanani, kwakungeyona eyakho, kepha i-linguist iyi- "techny" emhlabeni izikhali zokusiza abantu.
Igama elithi "isazi sefisefififilifilifilifili lihumusha kusuka esiGreki 'njengomuntu othanda igama elithi" futhi likhuluma ngokulandelana okubanzi kochwepheshe. Uchwepheshe onjalo uvame ukuba nentshisekelo ngolimi oluthile, futhi ufunda kangako ezicini ezimbili, njengasebubonelweni sokusebenzisa - ngakho-ke, isazi sefikoleli siyathakazelisa imithetho yezemibhalo namasiko ashiywe izikhulumi zomdabu. Isazi sefikoleli singummeli ngesimo saso esisumsulwa, sibona ulimi njengengxenye yolwazi oluhlobene ngqo nomlando kanye nezenhlalo.
Umbono womehluko phakathi kobungcweti bobabili, uma ubuza ochwepheshe uqobo, angaba nombala ohlekisayo, kodwa ngokujwayelekile kungaba yimbile ukusho ukuthi i-lingwist kulula ukungena endimeni yochwepheshe wezezifilologiliyo kunalokho okuphambene. Isimo esingcono kakhulu solimi esibonisa isibonelo esilandelayo: Izilimi zihlobene ngokuzondeka ukuboleka amagama aphesheya, ngoba ziqonda ukuthi zonke izilimi zidlula njalo ngokusebenzisana nezinye izilimi, zithuthukiswa futhi zinjalo kanye Izinto zokutadisha izilimi..
Ngokuqondene nasosipilologifist, kuyisihloko esibuhlungu - bahlala bangabasekeli bokulondolozwa kolimi ngohlobo oluthile lwenguqulo yezemibhalo noma ukwehluka kwezilimi zakwamanye amazwe kubonakala kubo emiseleni nasekubhujisweni Okwezibonelo kwalokho, ukutadisha kwalokho abakusebenzisile impilo yabo yonke.
Izinzuzo nobubi
Ukuhlola umsebenzi ohlangothini, hhayi "ukupheka" kwimibuthano yobuchwepheshe, kunzima, ngoba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uchwepheshe ongaba khona unombono othize wazo zombili izinzuzo namatshe angaphansi kwamanzi okuhlelela impilo yakhe . Izilimi, kanye nabamele abanye abakhethekile, babhekene nezinzuzo nobubi bomsebenzi wabo, futhi kufanele bakhulume ngabo ngokwahlukile.
Yilokho okubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha izilimi njengokukhethekile kwakho:
- Ukumiswa - Naphezu kokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kobuhlakani bokufakelwa kanye nabahumushi abahlukahlukene be-inthanethi, ubuntu busekude kakhulu ukukwenza ngaphandle kwezilimi eziphilayo, kanti impucuko yomhlaba wonke isesidingo esikhulu sokuxhumana okwenzeka;
- Okuhlukahlukene komsebenzi otholakalayo - Ukuba nezilimi zakwamanye amazwe ngokuphelele, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwethu ngendlela ehlukile ngokuphelele, kufundiswe abafundi, ababandakanyeka ekuhumusheni noma ukuhumusha izincwadi namafilimu, okwenza izincwadi nokunye;
- Amathuba okuba ngumholo okhuphukile - Kulezi zinsuku, ochwepheshe abaningi abasebenzi ngokukhethekile kwabo okuyinhloko, kepha abakholelwa ezilimini zakwamanye amazwe cishe kunoma yisiphi ighethe benza isisebenzi sibe yinhle kakhulu futhi sibe yisidingo;
- Ithuba lokusebenza ezinkampanini zakwamanye amazwe - Ukuveza ngokuzethemba ngolimi lwakwamanye amazwe, i-linguist a priceri ayiboshelwe ezweni lakubo, esikhundleni salokho angasebenza emagatsheni endawo ezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe noma athuthele phesheya efuna umsebenzi;
- Imali etholwa ngokufuna ukuthwala - Uma ungafuni ukusebenzela umphathi othile futhi unamathele eshadini eliqinile, ungathatha ukudluliselwa ekushintshaniseni kwesitoko esikhundleni salokho, ukuqeqesha abafundi ukude noma ukuthengisa ama-blog okuqeqesha, uhole i-blog ye-lingOpology;
- ithuba lokuxhumana nabezinye izizwe Ikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze ububanzi obubanzi obungenzeka, ube yi-interlocutor ethokozisayo noMuntu we-EREDITE;
- Akunasidingo sokufunda ngokuphelele kusuka ekuqaleni Ngemuva kwesikhathi eside ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwemfundo - Kudingeka kuphela ukulondolozwa nokuthuthukisa kahle isisekelo solwazi esitholakele, futhi uma kunesidingo, umuntu osenalo olunye ulimi lwakwamanye amazwe, kuzoba lula kakhulu ukuba afunde okwesibili.
Zonke lezi zinto ezingenhla zomsebenzi zingaletha umbono wokuthi umsebenzi we-linguist ungcono kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ubunzima bungenzeka lapha. V Kusuka kuziphi izici zomsebenzi ozenzekayo kusuka kumalimi angaba khona:
- Isiphakamiso esiphakeme emakethe yezabasebenzi - Ngobuchwepheshe besimanje namathuba okuhamba abantu abaningi futhi abaningi bakhetha umsebenzi wolimi njengokukhanya okukhanyayo futhi okuthakazelisa, ukudala umncintiswano omkhulu wezikhala zomsebenzi;
- Izidingo eziphakeme zabaqashi - Inkululeko yokunyakaza emhlabeni iholela eqinisweni lokuthi abaphathi abangaba khona baya ngokuya bengafuni ukuqasha hhayi uchwepheshe weziqu, kepha umuntu ohlala isikhathi eside endaweni yezilimi;
- Izinga Lomholo Ophansi ekuqaleni - Ngaphandle kokuba nesipiliyoni sokuhlala emvelweni yolimi, i-novice linguist ngaphandle kwedumela ngeke ifake isicelo sezikhalazo "ezimnandi" futhi iphoqelelwa ukuba ishade ngokudluliswa kwesilinganiso sesibili ngeholo elincane;
- Isidingo semfundo yesibili ephezulu yokwakha umsebenzi ohehayo - Imvamisa akwanele ukuba ngumlimi nje, ngoba umphathi ufuna ukuba ube yintatheli efanayo, usosayensi wezombusazwe, ummeli, isazi sezomnotho noma umphathi;
- ubunzima - Ukusuka ku-linguist kuvame ukudinga ukugxila okuphezulu nokuzimisela ukukhipha umphumela ngokushesha okukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kusebenza ekuhumusheni okuvumelanayo, kanti okuhlangenwe nakho okuvumelanayo okunomthwalo onjalo kungaba yimpilo ku-psyche;
- Monotilization of umsebenzi - Lokhu kubuya okukhohlisayo, kepha umsebenzi omningi we-linguist ungahle ubonakale eyisidina ngesikhathi;
- Ukulayishayo okungazinzi - Ama-oda we-lingwist ajwayele ukuza ngokungalingani, izinkathi zokulayisha umthwalo ngokweqile, ukushintshana nge-dowtos ephoqelelwe, engeke isetshenziselwe iholide eligcwele, ngoba ayaziwa ukuthi izoqhubeka isikhathi esingakanani;
- Amathuba amakhulu okuhambisana nokungahambisani nobungcweti - Usuvele ube yimali enobuchwepheshe futhi ubhekene nobuso nesidingo sokufuna umsebenzi, uchwepheshe osemusha angaqondakala ukuthi awenziwanga ukuthi angazitholaphi amakhasimende ukuthi asebenze ngo freelancer.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezilimi
Yize iLinguist iyinto ekhethekile eyodwa, kunezindawo eziningi zezintshisekelo zesayensi zalabo bantu ochwepheshe abazenza bachwepheshe endaweni encane. Akukho lutho olunjengokuhlukaniswa kolimi olusezingeni eliphezulu olwamukelwe ngokuvamile, futhi ngezindlela eziningi, ukucacisa okucashile kuncike ekutheni yini oyithandayo nokwenza impilo yonke. Ngakho-ke, othile uzinikele eqenjini lonke lolimi, abe yi-Novelcologist, isazi sezazi, isiMongolia, futhi othile ugxile kolunye ulimi njengabahlali, ama-Arabhu noma amaBritisi.
Ungenza ukugxila okungakabi ngolimi oluhlukile noma iqembu lezilimi ezihlukile njengasesicini esithile sezilimi. Kukhona amaphrofayili we-vemanthis, ama-morphologists kanye nezithungo, ezifundwayo, ngokulandelana, ama-semantics, i-morphology kanye nemisindvo yezilimi ezihlobene nalokhu. Kunemikhombandlela ethile eqondile ekufundweni kwezilimi, phakathi kwezinto ze-mortistics, ukukhulisa, ukwakheka kanye nokusebenza.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, Ungahlukanisa izilimi ezivela endaweni yokubuka ukuthi bangabahumushi abahle abanjani. Isibonelo, akekho umhumushi we- "Chronive Phrofayela" engenakuhumusha kahle izibalo - kulokhu udinga isazi sezibalo kanye ne-linguist kumuntu oyedwa. Kudingeka ama-computer kanye namalimi wedijithali ebanzi ukuze ahlanganyele ekuhumusheni kombhalo we-technical sphere, okubaluleke kakhulu manje kubamele abaningi abamele ubuchwepheshe abaningi.
Uma umlimi ngokwesimiso empeleni awenzi ngokukhethekile ekuhumusheni, kodwa unokuthola ukufundisa, ekuqaleni kungazibeka njengomfundisi.
Imithwalo yemfanelo
Izibopho eziqondile ze-linguist zingahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngendawo eqondile yomsebenzi nesikhundla - siphinde sithinte kaningi isihloko sendlela ongakha ngayo umsebenzi ngemuva kokuthola okukhethekile. Noma kunjalo, izilimi ezisetshenzisiwe njengezipeka zibonisa ukuthi kuzofanele wenze izinto ezithile noma okungenani uzilungiselele iqiniso lokuthi zizoba izibopho zakho zansuku zonke.
Emisebenzini enjalo, sizothatha okulandelayo:
- Athuthukise futhi ahlakaze izichazamazwi - zombili izinhlobo zakudala (zolimi lwasemazweni aphesheya kanye nakacacisiwe) ne-thesaurus;
- Dala ama-algorithms futhi uthuthukise ukuhumusha okuzenzakalelayo namasu wokucubungula umbhalo;
- Bamba iqhaza ekwakheni ubuchwepheshe obusivumela ukuba semvelo ngokwemvelo sihumushe umbhalo kusuka kolunye ulimi kuya kolunye ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza komhumushi obukhoma;
- bahlanganyele emisebenzini yocwaningo ngokukhethekile.
Ngokuqondene nemisebenzi enamachashazi ekubopheni endaweni ethile yomsebenzi, kwesinye isikhathi i-linguast nayo kufanele ihumushe ukubhalwayo nokwenza okuvumelanayo (kufaka phakathi ukuvumelanisa izilimi, bhala imiyalo yabahumushi kanye nabasebenzisi abajwayelekile abasebenzisa i-linguists.
Imfundo
I-Lingistics - Okukhethekile kuyinkimbinkimbi impela, futhi akukufanele ukudideka udokotela wezilimi ofanelekayo nomuntu ngamunye, kahle kakhulu owazi nokwalo nenye yezilimi zakwamanye amazwe. Ne- Ukutholakala kwezilimi ezithandekayo akwanele ukucabanga nge-linguist, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukukwazi kahle umsebenzi wokuzimela - Ngaphezu kwalokho, akulindelekile ukuba ube yi-linguist uma befika ngemuva kweBanga lesi-9. Uma ubona igama lokufunda, elibizwa ngeKolishi lezilimi zakwamanye amazwe, zilungiselele iqiniso lokuthi lezi yizifundo ezijwayelekile zolimi ezingakwenzi nje umhumushi. Kunesikhungo semfundo esifanayo eMoscow lapho sengizophela, kepha futhi kukhiqiza abafundisi, hhayi amalimi.
E-Russia, ukuze ube yimali enesimo somqondo ophelele weZwi, kuyadingeka ukufaka amayunivesithi. Ikhono, lapho belungiselela khona ongoti abanjalo kungabizwa ngokuhlukile - izilimi (ngokufanele), ukuhumusha, i-philologilolologilolology noma ngisho nakubantu. Zilungiselele iqiniso lokuthi akuwona wonke amafutho amakhono anawo amagama anjalo yi-linguist, futhi emanyuvesi amaningi esifundazweni awakhiqizi amalimi amalimi amalimi, noma ngabe ubuhlakani bamagama abhalwe phansi. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, chaza ithuba lokufunda kwizilimi kusikhungo ngasinye semfundo ethile. Uma ukwakheka kwesikhungo semfundo kuhlinzekela "ukufundwa kolimi" okukhethekile, lokhu kuzoba yikho ngqo okudingayo.
Ngokwemithetho yamanje, ukwamukelwa esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme saseRussia kusho isidingo sokuthatha izivivinyo ezifundweni ezithathwa njengephrofayili. Njengomthetho, kuyadingeka ukudlula isiRussia, ezinye izilimi zakwamanye amazwe nezifundo zenhlalo.
Noma kunjalo, ukuncika efomula yendawo yonke yalezi zinto ezintathu akukufanele - kunalokho udinga ukuxhumana neNyuvesi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okukhethwe ukwamukelwa, futhi kucacise ukuthi yiziphi izidingo zabantu abafaka izicelo ababekwa lapho.
Kusebenza kuphi?
Ngemuva kweNyuvesi, i-linguist inikeza amathemba abanzi ngokuthola umsebenzi, ngoba kungasebenza kunoma iyiphi inkampani noma ibhizinisi elinezimo okungenani zesimo sezilimi zakwamanye amazwe noma oxhumana nabo bakwamanye amazwe. Okulula futhi okusobala kakhulu, okukhethwa kukho okuseduze yisikole lapho ungenza khona imisebenzi yokufundisa, yize izazi zezilimi eziningi zifundisa kwi-Intanethi, ziholele ibhulogi noma zithola amaqembu ukude.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo ezingaba khona zomsebenzi zingaba:
- I-Rranslanger Bureau, kanye nabezindaba abazibandakanya ekudluliseleni ukusebenza kwezindaba zakwamanye amazwe kanye nezihloko ezivela kwi-Intanethi;
- Amanyuvesi nezikhungo ezidinga abasebenzi bokufundisa abafanelekile;
- Izinhlangano Zamazwe Ngamazwe, Izinhlangano kanye Nezikhungo Zokucindezela, ezidinga ukubonisana okuthuthukile ukuzenzela kahle izitatimende zazo ngezilimi ezahlukahlukene;
- Amahhotela, imitapo yolwazi kanye ne-Museum Unions.
Kutholakale malini?
Umholo weLinguist yinombolo engaqondakali, ngoba uchwepheshe ngamunye uluhlobo lomkhiqizo we-Piece. Ukuvulwa kwezikhala zalolu hlobo ngokucacile, kusengaphambili isethi esobala yemisebenzi esobala ayikho, kepha yikho ngqo kusuka kuhlu lwemisebenzi incike ekutheni ilungele ukukhokha umphathi. Futhi, izazi eziningi zezilimi zisebenza ngokuzikhandla uma kungenjalo njalo, bese kube ngokwengxenye, futhi konke kuncike kumanani ochwepheshe othile kanye nokugeleza kwaphakade.
Ukunikeza okungenani umbono ojwayelekile womholo wezilimi, sizodlula ngobungcweti obuhlobene. Umhumushi we-novice ongazibandakanyi ekuhumusheni okuvumelanayo futhi asebenze e-bubrous bureau ngezilimi ezidumile, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ngeke akwazi ukubala ngomholo ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20-40 ngenyanga. Umholo ojwayelekile wothisha wesikole eRussia unama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-41. Kuzona zozimbili lezi zinto, konke kuncike esifundeni, ngoba akusona imfihlo ukuthi eMalcow noma eSt Petersburg ephakeme kakhulu kunasesifundazweni.
Usizo oluhle lokukhulisa iholo lungaba khona okungeziwe kwezilimi ezingafani noma izandiso - uma ungazikhawuleli thina, ukukhokhiswa kungaba ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15-20 ngaphezulu kweholo. Umsebenzi we-linguist kwi-IT-sphere ukuvumela ukuthi uzuze kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50 nangaphezulu, nawo uthole abahumushi bokuvumelanisa.
Ukusebenza egatsheni laseRussia lenkampani enkulu yakwamanye amazwe, umuntu angakwenza kakhulu ngaphezu kohlaka lwemiholo yaseRussia ephakathi.
