Akubona bonke abantu baqonde ngokugcwele ngubani engineer civil kanye lokho akwenzayo, yini yalo msebenzi. Kuwufanele benaka ukubalekela imithwalo yemfanelo yokuba Vet ekwakhiweni nokwakhiwa ubunjiniyela kokuqondisa imisebenzi, incazelo iholo futhi umsebenzi. Uma ngokuqinile wanquma ukuxhumanisa ukuphila kwabo lo msebenzi, kuyodingeka ucabange nangezilaleli ukuqonda umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama ukuqeqeshwa.
Incazelo mkhakha
Umsebenzi oyinhloko umakhi unjiniyela - wokuxhumanisa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ukwakhiwa. Ngokwemvelo, akazange kudingeka ekwakhiweni emizini yabantu emsebenzini ngezinga elingaphezu kwalokho. Sivela definition enjalo Uchwepheshe esizimele isabelomali kanye nesethi abadlali ezihlukahlukene izikhundla. Isikhathi sokugcina nakanjani kusikisela ukuthi liphinde onguchwepheshe izinga. Izifundo labizwa ngokuthi "indoda-amasu".
onjiniyela Civil zihlale zimatasa futhi angenzi lutho ziyivelakancane kakhulu. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu ingenye kakhulu okudingeka bashintshashintshe ngayo futhi ezithakazelisayo isakhiwo specialisation. Kuyinto eduze okuhlanganisiwe ne geodesy, njengoba kuboniswa kumbuthano futhi eyala balufunda. Anesikhundla enjalo kungaba abantu uyazethemba abayoba abaholi leqembu futhi ngeke yenze izinqumo ezibalulekile.
Futhi uzinake ukuthi njalo kufanele umsebenzi kumadokhumenti futhi aqikelele ukuthi kakhulu ukugcina imithetho sokuhlanganiswa kwazo.
Ekhuluma ngobuhle nangobubi bawo, kubalulekile ukuba aveze ukuthi unjiniyela wezempi:
- njalo ziphoqa;
- Kungaba basebenze edolobheni, nangale;
- hhayi abahileleke ngokuqondile okhandlayo;
- Kungaba ngobulungisa siziqhenye ubunjalo okudala umsebenzi wabo futhi ngawakho umphumela;
- It ithola imali kahle.
Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo:
- Isikhathi hhayi benganhlanhlathi njalo;
- Ngezinye izikhathi umsebenzi aye kude kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ezindaweni akude;
- umthwalo mkhulu kakhulu;
- kukhona iziqondiso eziqinile okufanele kahle waphawula;
- amakhasimende kanye nezinkontileka kwesinye isikhathi ubeke izidingo phambili eziphikisa;
- izinkinga ungakha indiscipline abadlali noma nezinye lezimanga ngesikhathi kwakhiwa.
Ubani ongafaka ukusebenzisa?
unjiniyela Civil ungathola umsebenzi njengomunye wezinye izingcweti elandelayo.Umsizi unjiniyela ukwakhiwa komgwaqo laboratory
Lena lunye kuyiwa. Bangazihluphi ngokuthola isikhundla enjalo ungalawula hhayi kuphela ukwakhiwa, kodwa futhi ukulungisa, nokuvuselelwa kwemigwaqo. Kuyinto ilawula ukuthi umbiko we ukushuba ngokuqinile kuchazwa futhi izinga sisetshenziswa, futhi uma kungenjalo, ngokushesha ukukhulisa i-alamu. Ilabhorethri kungenzeka umile neselula. Ithola inombolo yokuhlolwa ukuthi kungaba kwenziwe, umklamo wawo kanye nokunemba.
Kwezinye izimo, le bocwepheshe Kuhlolwa ngu ibhande ezikuthrekhi bathi, kubalulekile ukuba bayilungise noma cha.
Engineer-umakhi womkhumbi
Ochwepheshe enjalo matasa emkhakheni:
- ukuklama;
- ukwakhiwa;
- ukulawula ukwakhiwa;
- ucwaningo Isazi of zasolwandle kanye nemikhumbi emfuleni, izingxenye kwabo ngabanye, imishini kanye phansi asizayo.
Kuyinto imizamo yabo nokukhuthala ukuthi ukunquma:
- kanjani imikhumbi izobukeka;
- Siyoba yini umthamo wabo bephethe, isivinini kanye nezinye izici;
- indlela ephumelelayo futhi ephephile ngeke umkhumbi izosetshenziswa;
- Kuyinto ukhululekile kuyoba amatilosi kanye / noma abagibeli.
engineer Umdabuli
Empeleni, izisebenzi ezinjalo bekwi sokunquma amazinga sezwe kanye nesilinganiso ukuphakama amathonsi. imisebenzi yabo iqhutshwa ezihlukahlukene izimo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuye kwadingeka nihambe amakhilomitha amaningi ukuze okunzima ukufinyelela izindawo, ukulinganisa nekuhlatiya Imiphumela nesilinganiso. Ngokuvamile, geodesist onjiniyela aphendule 4 imibuzo esemqoka:- Ingabe isimo sezwe ekuthuthukiseni nhlobo;
- Kungenzeka yini ukuba Yakha into ukhonkolo lapho;
- Iziphi izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe ukuze kuqedwe izindima engakhi impumuzo;
- Indlela ezibizayo futhi kuyoba nzima ukuba bafeze lo msebenzi wokulungiselela.
design unjiniyela
The main umsebenzi design engineer iyona nokulungiselela nasekubulaleni imidwebo yezakhiwo. Kuyinto yena ukuthuthukisa amaqhinga amanzi nendle, ingqalasizinda kagesi. Ngisho kakhulu ukubukeka owawuvamile ngaleso isakhiwo ayikwazanga avele ngaphandle iqhaza umklami onjiniyela. Babehlale uxhumana nge abaklami abaklami ukuba uthole hhayi kuphela ngempela ukusebenza kanye elula, kodwa futhi into ngokuvumelanayo enhle.
Okunye
Lo njiniyela ukwakhiwa ukuze kwakhiwe lobuchwepheshe is ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela ukwakhiwa zezimboni, amandla, ezokuthutha kanye izakhiwo ingqalasizinda. I umakhi womkhumbi, njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, isebenza ukuze bathole imikhumbi unqambothi kanye nemikhumbi, nganoma iyiphi izimo uyogcwalisa abangababi bemisebenzi yaso. Akukho lunye ahlukene ingadi futhi epaki ukwakhiwa. Imisebenzi enjalo sezigcwalisekile eduze jikelele ukwakhiwa onjiniyela noma onjiniyela eziholayo engadini-epaki umnotho. Kukhona unjiniyela ukuze kwakhiwe ujantshi kanye izindlela zokuxhumana.
Okunjalo uchwepheshe uyakwazi ukuklama futhi bahlele isakhiwo:
- ujantshi othelawayeka;
- kokuhlangana yezokuthutha;
- amabhuloho nemihubhe;
- izakhiwo Asizayo ukuthutha nezokuxhumana.
Incazelo yomsebenzi
Ukuqasha kwenkampani iphinde ukuxoshwa onjiniyela ukwakhiwa esenziwe isinqumo salowo ophethe umnyango kwenhlangano. Kuphela ezimweni ezehlukile kanye nenani elikhulu kakhulu kwenhlangano, lo msebenzi kungaba enikezwa yiphini lenhloko. Ngokuvamile, kwakuwukuthi onjiniyela main, ngokukhethekile - abaklami. Onjiniyela main banelungelo lokuqoka umsebenzi ubuyisela osethathe umhlalaphansi ukwakhiwa unjiniyela okwesikhashana. Kodwa ukunakekelwa okufanele zikhokhelwe ukusebenza Ochwepheshe enjalo.Izibopho
Imisebenzi esemqoka onjiniyela ukwakhiwa yilezi:
- ukufunda kanye nokudidiyela izixazululo;
- ukufunda kokusebenza amasheduli, ukulungisa kubo uma kudingekile;
- kusebentisana izinguquko zamanje nosonkontileka, amakhasimende kanye ejensi kahulumeni;
- Isiphakamiso izinyathelo ngcono imisebenzi nokwakhiwa;
- amasheke samanje izinto esakhiwe futhi balungisa (ngokuzimela noma ngokubambisana nabanye abantu);
- Ukulandelela Amathrendi nezokusigcoba emkhakheni wezokwakha.
Kodwa ngisho konke lokhu, kanye ukulungiswa imibhalo isigungu esiphetheko sizohlela unjiniyela omkhulu kanye namakhasimende, enza imisebenzi hhayi qeda elisebenzisekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele:
- ukuthuthukisa izilinganiso ngokuhambisana nezimfuneko eziqanjwe futhi izinhlobo inkomba;
- ukulungiselela imisebenzi technical abadlali third-party (osonkontileka nangaphandle);
- ukuthola (kanye nezinye izazi) izinto ngomumo;
- ekusizeni inkampani ukulungiselela kumathenda;
- Athobele imikhuba namazinga zokuphepha lobuchwepheshe kanye umlilo.
Ulwazi namakhono
Ulwazi isihluthulelo onjiniyela ukwakhiwa:
- umqondo kwemithetho kanye nemigomo kule ndawo;
- amazinga ngokusebenzisana ngemibhalo yomsebenzi kanye nomklamo;
- kwemigomo izinto namadizayini yobunjiniyela;
- Izici izimo zezulu nezinye izinto ezithinta ukwakhiwa, ukusebenza kwezakhiwo;
- nezidingo umlilo, ukuphepha kagesi;
- izidingo zokuphepha e sphere ikakhulukazi ezimbonini;
- zindlela nokuhlola umsebenzi owawenziwa futhi degree of ekupheleni.
Professandard ngokuba unjiniyela we umnyango ukwakhiwa dolobha kusho amakghono alandelako professional:
- ukuqoqwa kanye storage of imibhalo ekhethekile;
- ukulungiselela idatha yokufaka umklamo;
- nelikhono lekuhlola yobuningi bomsebenzi;
- ukukulungela ifomu nokunikwayo izinkontileka ababasebenzisayo;
- ifa mathematics ne-physics ezingeni eliphezulu;
- amakhono ukufunda amakhadi, amapulani kanye izikimu;
- Amandla umsebenzi nge okuzenzakalelayo design izinhlelo.
isibopho
Lo njiniyela ukwakhiwa izobophezeleka:- ukusebenza akwenele noma uyisehluleki ukwenza izibopho zayo ezivela umsebenzi izincazelo, izinkontileka kanye neziqondiso;
- kokunikezwa kwe-izidingo ezinqunyiwe ngumthetho civil, zokuphatha kanye lobugebengu;
- isicelo umonakalo impahla kwalo inhlangano, amakhasimende, osonkontileka, nabanye abantu kanye nezinhlangano;
- Ukwephula izimfihlo kwezohwebo.
Amalungelo
Lo njiniyela-Umakhi inegunya ezifana:
- iqhaza engxoxweni amadokhumenti lelungiselelwe, iziqondiso kanye nezinye izinqumo nokuphathwa kwenhlangano;
- ukwenza iziphakamiso ezokwenza ngcono umsebenzi, uthole yi ikhange nakakhulu nge sakugcina ukuchitha isikhathi ezezimali;
- azise abaphathi kanye nabanye abanentshisekelo phezu ukwephulwa okukhombe amandla abo;
- ukusungula izizathu okuyinto yomsebenzi sinqamukile, izinga layo kahle noma kuphakama ezinye amaphutha;
- ukuqapha nokuqedwa kokungapheleli nezinkinga ngaphambilini itholiwe, oda Sinike for esigabeni ngasinye kanye imininingwane ehilelekile intuthuko;
- ukwenza izinqumo ezibonisa ukuthi ukukuvumela ukusebenza ngempumelelo uma kwenzeka izinguquko ukubunjwa izinto, isikhathi ukulungiswa, ekushintsheni usayizi isabelomali ukwakhiwa, ekufezeni izinga efanayo esingaguquguquki ezakhiwe isiqediwe futhi izingxenye zazo.
Esikhathini ETKS, a Analogue eduze ochwepheshe ezifana ayizisebenzi Pheqa ikhasi ukwakhiwa noma onjiniyela ukuba aqondise umsebenzi wokwakha. Kumelwe:
- afeze control lobuchwepheshe ikhasimende;
- Ukuqapha ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo umsebenzi;
- asize ukukhiqiza izindlela ezethembisayo nezinhlelo zomsebenzi;
- Bamba iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezintsha zokwakha;
- ukuqhuba ukwamukelwa lobuchwepheshe lezinto siphelile;
- acabangele kuphelile ukwakhiwa kanye ukufakwa umsebenzi futhi ulungiselele ngesisekelo izinto ezifana imibhalo yokubika sokugcina;
- Ukuze ngumnikazi we Izimiso zokuvikelwa zabasebenzi kanye nokuphepha (kusukela nokwenza yenqubo ukwakhiwa ayivunyelwe alimaze).
izimfanelo Siqu
Imininingwane Civil Onjiniyela ubeka isitembu anamandla ku bangobani. Noma, kunalokho, umuntu ekuqaleni kufanele babe nezimfanelo ukuze ufanelekele kulezo zikhundla umsebenzi. Kumele kube isidingo sokuba i ishede kohlaziyo ingqondo, kungenjalo kuyoba kungenakwenzeka ukulungiselela konke ngakho ngokucophelela. Okunye futhi:- kakhulu inkumbulo ezibukwayo;
- ukucabanga eziphambili zobuchwepheshe;
- amandla okushintsha ngokushesha phakathi kwezinto ezahlukene futhi asabalalise ukunaka kwabo;
- Ikhono ukusebenza ngokucophelela, ngisho noma isikhathi eside has ukubhekana umsebenzi okuyisidina;
- ukunemba.
Ezemfundo
Ngisho Ukujwayelana jikelele nge ukwakhiwa unjiniyela imibukiso ukuthi ukuthola kudingekile imfundo isidingo ukuthatha ogxile physics kanye mathematics. Nokho, isikhungo ngasinye (ngisho neminyango ngayinye) Unelungelo ezawo izindinganiso zokulungile nezimfuneko izifundo nhlobonhlobo yokwamukelwa futhi ukusungula ezingeni elithile. Unyaka nonyaka, lezi zimfuneko futhi ziyahlukahluka. Ngoba njalo uma kudingeka bafunde ukwaziswa kwamuva kwi website esemthethweni kanye neminye imithombo. Ahamba kahle amalungiselelo adingekayo ezihlukahlukene kwamakolishi namanyuvesi.
Kukhethwa yesikhungo kufanele kube ngempela. Esifundeni esise-Ural, ungaya ukufunda, isibonelo,:
- Magnitogorsk University Nosov;
- URFU;
- SUURGU;
- Ural sesitimela University.
izikhungo zemfundo elikhulu aqeqesha onjiniyela civil, elise-dolobha yaseRussia. Phakathi kwabo kukhona:
- Moscow Polytechnic University;
- RANHiGS;
- RUDN;
- Geological Prospecting University yaqanjwa Ordzhonikidze;
- Agricultural Academy Timiryazev;
- Moscow nobuNjiniyera University;
- Madi.
Kakhulu amathuba okuhle futhi Petersburg. Lapho, kudingekile ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono banganikeza:
- Polytechnic University yaqanjwa Petru;
- izimayini University;
- University of sesitimela Isithuthi.
Uma lezi zikole ngasizathu simbe kungukuthi wanelisa, ungafaka isicelo:
- FEFU;
- Kuban kokuLima University of Trubilina;
- Ufa Amafutha Technical University;
- Far Eastern State University wezokuxhumana;
- Voronezh futhi Ugra amanyuvesi lobuchwepheshe;
- Kazan Ucwaningo Technical University;
- Sibstrin;
- Technical University of Kaliningrad;
- OMGTU;
- Orenburg State University.
Indawo yomsebenzi
Nakuba ezinye zalezi ochwepheshe ungase uthole ngisho amakolishi kanye nezinye izikhungo zemfundo, okuzokwenza ukufundiswa labo noma ezinye eyala lobuchwepheshe, lena akuyona inketho main. Empeleni, onjiniyela civil baqashwe ezinkampanini wahlanganyela ukwakhiwa kanye nokuvuselelwa kwazo insiza ahlukahlukene. Ezinye zazo ukuya izinhlangano ezikhethekile. Ngemva ukuqeqeshwa elula, ungaba umklami.Namanje kungenzeka kwenkululeko imizamo yabo bangaba oyisazi ukuhlolwa imisebenzi.
Kangakanani-ke uthole?
Naphezu kwezingqinamba yokujama tsi embonini yezokwakha eRussia, isilinganiso somholo onjiniyela civil namanje kahle ukugqama esixukwini. Kubaluleke kakhulu into, ngakho-ke libalulekile. On emikhulukazi obalulekile esizweni (noma samanje izifunda eziningana), onguchwepheshe uthola engama-ruble angu-70 kuya kwezingu-85. Nokho, ukuze ngifinyelele kuleli isikhundla kakhulu, wonke amaphrojekthi leyo mibono ophethe kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni, njengoba zenzeka njalo. Abasebenzi abangu-onekhono angazuza imali ku-ruble ayizigidi 19-25 ngenyanga.
onjiniyela Civil, wasebenza unyaka 1 noma ngaphezulu, kungase kudingeke uthole indawo amasentshana afika ku-ruble ayizigidi 55-60. Kakhulu abanolwazi ikani sipho amazinga kufike ku eziyinkulungwane 100-200. Ephakeme ukwedlula ezingeni isilinganiso ezitholakala ezindaweni sezulu ezinzima. Ngokwesibonelo, eNyakatho Ekude yeCanada, e-Ust-Ilimsk nakwezinye izindawo iholo ayizinkulungwane 150 kuyinto ngempela evamile.
Imali eyengeziwe ongakhokhela:
- nakho ekwakheni izakhiwo enkulu yezimboni;
- ifa izinhlelo ezikhethekile;
- Ukuba izilimi zakwamanye amazwe.
Ngaphezu izinkokhelo oqondile, zinganikwa ku imiphumela umklomelo. amabhonasi engeziwe yilezi:
- amandla Employers ';
- isinxephezelo uphethiloli kanye ukwehla kwentengo izimoto siqu;
- inkampani nempahla;
- yokukhokha yokuxhumana yeselula.
E-Moscow, isimo kuyadida. Idolobhakazi limatasa eyakhelwe, kodwa engenayo onjiniyela civil kuhluke. Mid - kusuka 62000 ukuba 80000, isiqongo - mayelana 160.000, kodwa kazwelonke komholo ojwayelekile ongoti ezinjalo kuba ama-ruble ayizigidi 40-47.
Phesheya emazweni athuthukile kwezomnotho ke sifana kakhulu ezingeni eziphambili noma ochwepheshe yasekhaya (eJalimane), noma ngaphezulu (US) izikhathi 1.5-2.
