Leli iqiniso elimangalisayo, kepha kanye nomqondo we- "Origami", esisebenzisa namuhla, empeleni sasungulwa ngo-1880 kuphela. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, ubuciko bephepha lase-Orient babizwa ngokuthi "i-Orikat" (ekhombisa ngokoqobo "izibalo ezigoqiwe"). I-Origami ithandwa kakhulu eJapan, kwamanye amazwe amaningi ase-Asia, kufaka phakathi iChina, futhi le ndlela namuhla yaziwa umhlaba wonke.
Ngubani futhi waqhamuka nini i-origami?
I-Origami iyisisekelo esiyingqayizivele sobuciko bokuhlobisa futhi obusetshenzisiwe, izwe okuvela kulo okuyi-china yasendulo. Kwakulapha lelo phepha kwasungulwa ngasikhathi sinye, futhi lokhu kuyinto ebalulekile lapho kudalwa khona izinombolo zokudala. Igama lenqubo liqhamuka emayelana namagama aseJapan "Ori" - "Ukungezelela" kanye ne- "Kami" - iphepha (kwesinye isikhathi elihunyushwe ngokuthi "uNkulunkulu"). Ngamafuphi, i-Origami iyindalo enekhono yazo zonke izinhlobo zezibalo ezivela kuhlobo olukhethekile lwephepha lezingane nabantu abadala.
Ekuqaleni, lolu hlobo lwezithombe zezithombe lusetshenziselwa izinhloso zenkolo ngakho-ke kuphela izindela kanye nabamele abahlonishwayo bebekwazi ukubenza. Kwacatshangelwa ukuthi ubuciko obunjalo kufanele bakwazi ukwakha ephepheni bonke abantu abanesikhundla esiphakeme emphakathini. Ngakho-ke, emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka walo msebenzi wawubhekwa njengodumela. Ukuvela kwalobu buciko kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukusakaza lesi siko lamasiko emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukuthuthuka okunesivunguvungu kakhulu kanye nokuthandwa ngokwengeziwe kwe-origami kwenzeka eJapan. AmaJapan asevele esesikhathini seHayene Dynasty, eyayikhona kusukela ngo-794 kuye ku-1185, imvamisa isebenzisa izibalo ezahlukene zamaphepha zokuqaliswa kwemikhosi ehlukene. Isibonelo, uSamurai wethule omunye komunye nomunye ngezimpawu ezithile zenhlanhla ngesimo sezimbambo ezivela esisekelweni sephepha. U-Origami wayevame ukuhlangana emikhosini yomshado: Ngobusuku bomcimbi amabhu amabhulokhi amaningi adalelwe ama-nartyweds.
Lobu buciko obuseNkathini Ephakathi nabo baphinde batholakala nakwamanye amazwe, hhayi nje kuphela e-Asia, kodwa futhi eYurophu.
E-Europe, ngeshwa, awukho ulwazi oluningi kakhulu mayelana nokuthi ubuciko bokungezwa kwezibalo buye kanjani. Kodwa-ke, kwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ama-Arabhu aqala ukwenza i-origami maphakathi nekhulu lesi-6, iMaurus yaletha le ndlela ePeninseni yasePyrenera ngekhulu le-9. AmaJalimane aqala ukudala izibalo ezihlanzekile emakhulwini amakhulu eminyaka we-XV-XVI. Emazweni ase-Europe, i-Origami nayo yasetshenziswa ngesikhathi semikhosi. Kepha ngemfashini ngempela eYurophu, lobu buciko bokuqala buye bungamakhulu eminyaka le-XVII-XVIII, ngenkathi bekukhona amasu amaningi asendulo ngaleso sikhathi. Ekhulwini leminyaka le-XIX, i-origami yathola umjikelezo omusha wokudla. Ama-Friedrich Fabonalls, adala izikhungo zemfundo, enikelwe ukuqala ukusebenzisa i-Origami ukusiza izingane ukuba zikhule isikhathi esincane somunwe.
Njengoba ama-60s ekhulu lama-20, i-origami isiphenduke isiqondisi semfashini kwezobuciko. Cishe yonke indawo, izikole ezikhethekile nemibuthano zifundisa ama-Europeans asonga izibalo ezilula nezinzima ephepheni nezilwane ephepheni. Lapho-ke uhlobo lwezobuciko olunjalo, njenge-origami yohlobo lwe-modular, lwasungulwa. Lobu buchwepheshe bahluke kakhulu kusuka kuma-Classics. Ngendlela ejwayelekile yesibalo se-origami kakhulu futhi sigoqwe kusuka ehlamvu elilodwa lamaphepha. Esikhathini esimweni esisezingeni eliphakeme, isibalo sizoba nenombolo ethile yezingxenye, ezifakwe komunye nomunye ngokulandelana oyifunayo. Ngenxa yalokho, kunomkhiqizo obuningi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe
I-Classic Origami Crafts kungenzeka ibukeke njengamanani aphansi - imvamisa izilwane noma izinto ezinohlangothi olulodwa lobuso futhi angeke zime ngokuma komhlaba. Le ndlela idala amakati namabhere, ama-snowmen nezinye izibalo eziningi ezithokozisayo. Indaba ithi esifundazweni ngasinye somhlaba kunezici zale ndlela ethokozisayo, kuya ngokuthi ifike kanjani ezweni elithile nangokuthandwa.
Isibonelo, zonke izingane eRussia zenza izikebhe noma izindiza zisuka ephepheni iminyaka eminingi, ngaphandle kokusola ukuthi lezi zibalo ezithandwayo ezivela kwinqubo yokwenza lula.
Amasu adume kakhulu alandelayo ekwakheni izibalo zokudala ezivela ephepheni elikhethekile.
I-Origami eyenziwe lula
I-Origami eyenziwe lula yaqhamuka ne-English Master John Smith. Ukugqama kwale ndlela yokuthi ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwezibalo, kuphela indlela yokugoqa "isilayidi" ne- "Valley". Lesi sitayela silungele izingcweti zokuqala. Ayikho imibono eyinkimbinkimbi ejwayelekile emishini ejwayelekile. I-Origami eyenziwe lula yindlela aqala ngayo ukufundisa izingane lolu hlobo lobuciko base-Asia.
Inqubo "ngephethini"
Iphethini liyashanela ngesimo somdwebo ocacile, kulo kuzoba yisibalo esizayo (kuzoba nazo zonke izinto ezikhona kanye namafolda ezithombe ezizayo). Uzofanela kuphela ukunikeza ukwakheka kwesibalo esikhethiwe. Kepha ochwepheshe abaningi basabheka le ndlela nzima yabaqalayo. Ngenxa yale ndlela yoqobo, kungenzeka ukusonga isibalo uqobo, futhi uma kunesidingo, ukwazi kahle ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani. Ngalesi sizathu, amaphethini asetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwama-prototypes anamuhla.
Inqubo ye- "WET" Origami
Yasungulwa yinkosi enekhono egama lingu-Akir Esidzava. Uvele wanquma ukusebenzisa hhayi inani elikhulu kakhulu lamanzi ukunikeza amaphepha eplastiki. Usebenzisa uketshezi, izibalo zamaphepha ziqala ukuthola ubushelelezi obufunayo bemigqa, izici zabo ziba ziveze kakhulu futhi ziqinile.
Le ndlela kufanele isetshenziselwe izitshalo noma izibalo zezilwane, njengoba zithathwa njengeyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yenqubo ye- "Wet" Solding, izibalo eziqediwe zibukeka ngokwemvelo ngokwemvelo. Ngendlela enjalo, kusetshenziswa iphepha elinobukhulu obukhulu, kususelwa ku-glue ekhethekile. Ngalo, i-fiber yephepha izoxhunyaniswa kangcono nomunye.
Kushudama
Lolu uhlobo lwe-origami ethandwayo. Umnyombo womsebenzi ukuqoqa ukwakheka ngohlobo lwesitsha sezingxenye zamaphepha. Ukuze uthole isibalo sokugcina sihlale isikhathi eside, le mininingwane ivame ukubambeka kanyekanye. Ngale ndlela, ungakha izingoma ezimangazayo ezivela emibalani yamaphepha bese uzihlobisa ingaphakathi lanoma yisiphi izindlu.
Ubuciko ezikhathini zanamuhla
I-heyday ye-origami emhlabeni jikelele yafika ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphela kwempi ngo-1945, lapho i-Origami, kanye namasosha aseMelika, aqala okokuqala e-United States, futhi emazweni amaningi aseYurophu.
Ngendlela, ubuciko obufana no-Origami, kwesinye isikhathi babonakala ngokuzimela emazweni ahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, isikole sezibalo zamaphepha eSpain saziwa, sihlotshaniswa negama likaMiguel Umu. Lesi sikole ngasikhathi sinye sasabalalisa inqubo yaso yokugoqa izibalo zamaphepha ngisho nasemazweni aseLatin America. Izakhamizi zaseSpain ziye zafika nendlela yazo yokwakha izibalo zamaphepha zakudala, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, zisungulwe futhi ziyisisekelo (indlela yokwakha ama-paper partr).
Ubuciko baka-Origami bavele ensimini yaseFrance eduze nasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX futhi basetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ngabakwaMaliphi - bebesemandleni omphakathi ohlanganisiwe, bangenza inyoni encane ephepheni elimhlophe elijwayelekile, eliseshinini lasolwandle .
Izwe ngalinye lamukele ubuciko be-classic origami, kucatshangelwa amasiko abo kazwelonke.
EHolland, ukudalwa kwezibalo zamaphepha kubhekiswe kubuciko obuhlobisa futhi obusetshenzisiwe, limi lapho emugqeni owodwa nge-Embroidery kanye nokugoba ama-macrame.
E-Russia, ubuchwepheshe be-Origami buhlolwe njengenye yezindlela zokuqeqesha ezinkulisa nasezikoleni . Othisha bachitha amakilasi ezingane, ebakhombisa, ukuthi ungangeza kanjani ubuciko obuhlukahlukene obuvela esisekelweni sephepha elikhethekile. Lolu hlobo lobuciko likuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise hhayi nje kuphela isithuthuthu esingajulile, kodwa futhi ucabanga, kanye nememori, logic.
Yonke i-Origami yendabuko inesisekelo sesikwele. Kodwa-ke, namuhla ungahlangabezana kalula amamodeli anjalo asonge avela kunxantathu, unxande, ePolygon.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Kukholakala ukuthi ukushicilelwa kokuqala kwe-Origami kunyatheliswe ngo-1797, kwahlukaniswa ngegama elikhuluma kakhulu elithi "sembazwazwa orikat" ("Ukwakha kanjani ama-Cranes ayi-1000"). Umlobi weSivumelwano se-Akisato Rito esichazwe kuyo akunjalo ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwakha izibalo, kwagcizelelwa kangakanani amasiko amasiko asezweni lakhe elikude.
Encwadini kaGuinness Book of Records, ungathola impumelelo engajwayelekile kakhulu ehlobene necebo le-Origami. Kukhona irekhodi le-origami eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke, isibalo esibi kakhulu, imodeli encane kakhulu namanye amarekhodi amaningi.
By the way, kusuka esisekelweni sephepha esakhiwe nguZhuravlik kusukela ngo-1999 kuwuphawu lokuthula emhlabeni wonke. Muva nje, i-crane enkulu edume kakhulu yadalwa. Ukuphakama kwaso kudlule ku-6 m, wasinda ngo-794 kg. I-crane yayimikhulu kangangokuba kwadingeka ukuthi iqoqe futhi ikhombise izilaleli enkundleni enkulu.
Enye into eyaziwayo yendalo ye-Origami, i-Akira Nitia, yadala i-crane encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni wesikwele samaphepha amancane ngepharamitha 0.1x0.1 mm. U-Akire kwadingeka afeze lo msebenzi onzima ngosizo lwama-tweezers aqeqeshiwe kanye nesibonakhulu esihle.
Imvamisa, izibalo zaseJapan zenziwe ngohlobo olukhethekile lwephepha. Amakhosi wesimanje angasebenzisa kalula iphepha elijwayelekile lokugoqa ngezinhloso ezinjalo, kwesinye isikhathi ungathola izibalo ezivela kuma-candy. Iphepha elijwayelekile lephephandaba livame ukusetshenziswa. Isipho sokudala kakhulu singaba isithombe esingokomfanekiso, sigoqwe kahle kusuka ku-Cash Banknote.
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Izithombe