UViola da Gamba uyithuluzi lomculo elinezintambo ezinhlanu nesikhombisa, lifana ne-cello ehlobene ne-cello ehlobene. Imvamisa, i-viola idlala endaweni yokuhlala, ibheke ngokuqondile phakathi kwamadolo noma ukubeka eceleni komlenze emlenzeni.
Umlando Nencazelo
Ithuluzi lomculo lavela ngekhulu le-XVI esikhathini semvuselelo. Uma siqhathanisa ne-violins, khona-ke ukulingana kwawo kwakunomzimba ofinyeziwe maqondana nobude bezintambo kanye ne-flat engezansi emphemeni. Amagagasi ancipha futhi kulula, ukwakheka kwawo komzimba akuzange kuchazwe kangangokuba kwakungewona umthelela emthonjeni otholakalayo.
Kuwo wonke umndeni we-virol, iGamba yonyawo igcinwe into ebaluleke kakhulu: kulowo mdlalo kuGamba, imisebenzi eminingi yababhali abadumile bekhulu le-XVIII. Ekuphothulweni kwekhulu le-XVI Century, ukusakazeka kwe-violins kwaqala e-Italy njengezinsimbi zomculo ezifanelekile ze-Italy, i-gambo yathola inhloso yayo yeqiniso e-UK. UViola Yebo mbamba wasondela ngokuphelele emculweni waseBrithani, kunomculo omnandi omningi owenzelwe i-bansleNGlebles yonke iminyaka yekhulu leminyaka. Kuleyo minyaka emindenini yabaculi baseBrithani lapho kwakukhona ama-gemmus osayizi abahlukahlukene.
UGamba ngenxa yokwakheka okukhethekile kwegridi enezithelo, zibuyiselwe umsindo we-polistited futhi athulisiwe kunamathuluzi womndeni we-violin, kepha akazange anikeze inkululeko yokuhlobisa. Imisindo emincane ethambile yayingumenzeli wayo ogqamile kakhulu, futhi imisindo egcwele akwenzekanga.
Kodwa-ke, izwe, lapho amakhono e-solo e-gambo adalulwa ngokuphelele, iFrance yasondela ekugcineni kwekhulu le-XVII. Ububanzi bamagampu bunwetshiwe, bungezelwa enye intambo ephansi. Ngenxa yokukhuthaza ama-connoisseurs omculo, ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwemijovo yomculo ecwengekile uMarina Mare kwakhishwa.
Ezinhlotsheni zamaFulentshi, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhothoshelwe okungokwemvelo kumasu wokunweba ama-plug-in. UGamba uthole ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwengxenye yawo yezobuchwepheshe. Emidlalweni e-Viol, ama-aristocrats kanye nabamele umndeni omuhle bathuthukiswa. Naphezu komsindo ojulile, ama-gemus ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ayegcwele ne-violins ezwakala kakhulu emahholo amakhulu, kodwa eyayinemicu emincane. Ukusondelana komsindo womculo kwenza ithuluzi le-solo nge-solo ithuluzi, elilungele kuphela amakamelo amancane, kanye nokukhishwa okuqondaniswayo, okuncishiswe amandla okubumbana, okuncishisiwe kwesizathu sesizathu sokuwohloka komnotho waleli thuluzi elingajwayelekile. Lapho usuqede ikhulu le-XVIII, amafulethi acishe anyamalala ngokuphelele kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi indawo yawo yathathwa nguCello.
Izinhlobo
Njengomthetho, kunezinhlobo ezine zeDole Da Gamba:
- alte;
- I-Tenor;
- ukude;
- Okuyisisekelo.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo eziphambili, kwenziwa amaprotheni, anezintambo ezifanayo. Intambo ntambo ehlelwe ngobunye baqhutshwa okhiye, kanye nemicu ye-bardon yayitholakala eJiff.
Ukuze uthole i-tenor viora, okumele lo mndeni nalelo gama elamukelwa ngokujwayelekile "uVola da Gamba" wagxilile. Kuwo wonke umlando wokuba khona kwethuluzi elisetshenzisiwe ama-Gamits:
- solo;
- ukugqila;
- I-Orchestral.
AbaseBrithani bambula amakhono e-bolo eGamba futhi baqala ukukhiqiza ama-garas ancishisiwe, abizwa nge-Provation-Violi. Ukulimala okuncane okuqinile okuqinile nohlelo oluguqukayo olubizwa ngokuthi yi-lira vir.
Ithuluzi Lokuvuselela
Ukuvuselelwa kweVol da Gamba kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, lapho ama-bhethi angamaChristian Christians eba yiNew Century, eyagcwalisa uSonatu K. F. Abel ngonyaka we-1905 I-Döberayaker nayo yenze maphakathi nekhulu le-XVIII ngekhulu le-XVIII eGamba, ukuxazulula umqambi we-Bach ngamakhonsathi.
Cishe ngasikhathi sinye, kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, izintshisekelo ze-violet zivuswe kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, ama-bencrebles e-violinger aqala ukudalwa, ngokwesibonelo, umndeni we-vetsinger eBasel, kanye nemisindo exubile yamathuluzi evintage nge-viola.
UViola da Gamba, wacishe wakhohliwe futhi wasuswa ezinye izinsimbi, wabuyela emahholo ekhonsathi namasonto ngokuchitha okwenziwe ngabaculi. I-Virtuoso enhle kakhulu kulo mdlalo eGamba yaqashelwa yi-Italian Pandolfo. Namuhla kukholakala ukuthi ama-bass aphindwe kabili ahlanganisa ezinye izici kanye nezimbali, kanye ne-violins. Umdlalo osontweni wabuyiselwa ngabathandi be-viola nemiphakathi ekhethekile, efakwe ngabaculi abathanda.
Mayelana nokuthi i-viana da gamba imisindo kanjani, bheka ividiyo elandelayo.