Emasikweni aseYurophu ngaphandle kwesipuni, akekho ongakwenza. Kwenziwa ngezinto ezahlukahlukene. Usayizi nokwakheka kwesihloko sethebula kuya ngenhloso yako: ikhofi, itiye, dessert. Ngokushesha sikuqonda ukuthi yini esizoba yikho, noma esinye isidlo, futhi singacabangi ngisho nokuthi le nto yasungulwa nalapho ithola ukubukeka okujwayelekile ngathi.
Umlando nokuvela kwesipuni
Isipuni singukusungulwa kwasendulo ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukusungula isikhathi sokuba khona kwaso. Abaphenyi babiza usuku lokuzalwa oluhlukile, iminyaka elinganiselwa ku-Kushiyekile isuka eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezintathu kuya kweyisikhombisa. Akukaziwa ngisho nemvelaphi yegama laleli gama. I-Linguists Bona i-General Slavonic Root ngamagama athi "lick" noma "ukugcona", kanye "nelogi", okusho ukuthi "ukujulisa". Kungenzeka ukuthi umsuka ku-Greek - "Swallow".
Umuntu uyazi kahle ukuthi isipuni savela kakhulu kuFork. Ingadla kokubili ukudla okuqinile noketshezi, futhi ngemfoloko - kanzima kuphela.
Umhlaba Wasendulo
Ukuhlangana kwezinye izinambuzane kwasebenzisa abantu abaningi abasendulo, la kwakungamagobolondo olwandle, ama-halves amagobolondo e-nati noma amaqabunga ezitshalo eziminyene. Kuze kube manje, ezinye izizwe e-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika zisebenzisa amagobolondo anethezekile e-mollusks esikhundleni salokho. Izinkezo zokuqala ezenziwa ngabantu zazibukeka njengezinhlamvu ezincane zobumba ezinezibambo ezimfishane. Kamuva ukudala le nto esetshenzisiwe ngokhuni, amathambo nezimpondo zezilwane, ngisho nangemuva - i-Metal.
Ukuvulwa kukuqinisekisile lokho EGibhithe lasendulo, sasebenzisa ukusikwa ngekhulu lesihlanu kuya enkathini yethu, "kwatholakala imikhiqizo efanayo ngetshe. AmaGrikhi asendulo awenza nezinkezo ezivela emagobolweni e-pearl. Izazi zemivubukulo zathola ukufana kwezinto zethebula ezimpondweni zezilwane kanye namathambo ezinhlanzi angeyeminyaka yesithathu eyinkulungwane kule minyaka yethu. Ngesikhathi se-Heyday yempucuko yamaRoma-Greek, amadivaysi ethunzi kanye nesiliva asetshenziselwa ukudla avele.
Iminyaka ephakathi
E-Russia, izinkezo zaqala ukufaka isicelo samakhulu amaningi eminyaka ngaphambili kunaseYurophu. Emicimbini yeziKronike, umyalo wePrince Vladimir (WC) ukhulunywa ngamakhosi ekwenziweni kwezinye iziphequluli zawo wonke amaqembu awo. Ngalesi sikhathi E-Russia, izinkezo zokhuni sezisetshenzisiwe yonke indawo. Kweminye imindeni, izingcweti zazenza zadla ukudla kokudla ukudla. Kepha ezimweni eziningi basebenzise imikhiqizo yama-master-lodger. Njengokusetshenziswa okusetshenzisiwe: I-Aspen, Maple, Birch, Linden, Plum, i-Apple Tree. Lokhu kwakuyimikhiqizo elula futhi esebenzayo. Baqoshwe futhi bapendwe kamuva kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwe-Italy naseGrisi, ujwayelene namadivayisi okudlela ane-antiquity ejulile, ngekhulu le-XIII, abantu baseYurophu babona izifo ezivela esiliva. Ebangeni, kwavezwa abafundi bakaJesu Kristu, ngakho-ke amatafula aqala ukubiza "izintipholiki."
Ukuvuselela
Eminyakeni ye-XV yekhulu le-XV, ngaphandle kwesithukuso nesiliva, waqala ukukhiqiza izinto zokusika ezivela ethubeni nangethusi. I-Metal yabhekelwa njengelungelo labantu abacebile, abampofu babesetshenziswa yimikhiqizo yokhuni.
U-Epoch of inkazitha
UPeter Owokuqala wahamba wayovakashela namadivayisi wawo wokusika. Ngemuva kwesibonelo sakhe, kwalungiswa isiko eRussia: ngizovakashela, thatha isipuni naye. Ekhulu le-XVIII, lapho kuvulwa i-aluminium, ukusikwa kokuqala kuleli nsimbi kuhlinzekwa kuphela yizivakashi ezihlonishwayo, ukudubula okusele nokususwa kwesiliva. Ngekhulu leminyaka, izinkezo eziyindilinga zithole ukubukeka okujwayelekile futhi okulula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfashini eboshwe ngetiye yokuphuza iye yabangela ukukhiqizwa kokusika kosayizi abahlukahlukene. Ngalesi sikhathi faka ukubukeka kwezipuni, nokuningi - nekhofi.
Imfashini egqoke izingubo zemikhono emide ibuye yadlala indima ekuguquleni ama-curlery - kwakunesidingo sokubanjwa isikhathi eside, okwenza le nto ifane neyenamuhla.
Ikhulu le-XIX
IGerman E. Geitherner kuqala eYurophu (1825) yaqala ukukhiqiza ukusikwa kwethusi, i-zinc kanye ne-nickel alloy, yambiza ngokuthi i-argentan. I-alloy ibiza kakhulu kunesiliva, abakhiqizi abaningi baseYurophu baqala ukuyisebenzisa ngemikhiqizo yabo. Namuhla, izinhlangothi ezinjalo zibizwa nge-melchiorv, futhi azisalahlekelwa ukuthandwa kwazo.
I-XX, ikhulu le-XXI
Ukuvulwa kwensimbi engenacala ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule sekuphenduke iphuzu emlandweni wokusika. Manje le nsimbi izokwakha ama-80% wazo zonke izinkezo emhlabeni. I-Chrome, engene emkhiqizweni, ikhulula kusuka ekugqwalweni.
Namuhla, izinkezo zikhiqiza ezinsimbi nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kepha isiliva letafula lisahlonishwa.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Nezinkezo zibonakala ziyizinto ezejwayelekile, ezijwayelekile zasekhishini. Kepha, njengoba sekudlule indlela ende yomlando, baba ngabahlanganyeli ezindabeni eziningi ezithokozisayo. Isibonelo, akuyena wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi igama elithi "bashaya ama-bumps" livelaphi, yize wonke umuntu azi ukuthi bakhuluma ngevila. Esekhethini leLodkuri Kunomsebenzi olula - kuyashayeka ukuhlukana kuzingxenye (amabhisikidi) abangenazikhala ezintweni ezizayo. Ekwenziweni kwezinto ezinezinkezo, amaqhubu athathwa njengebhizinisi elikhanyayo futhi agcotshwa kulabo abaqeqeshiwe abanengane kakhulu.
Ezinsukwini zakudala wonke umuntu wayenesipuni sakhe. Lapho osanda kuzalwa evele ngamazinyo okuqala futhi waqala ukuthola okunye ukudla, ngaphandle kobisi lwabesifazane, wanikezwa isipuni esincane. Kwakucatshangelwa: Uma kwenziwa ngesiliva noma igolide, ingane ngokuzayo ngeke idinge lutho. Kumasiko, abantu banamuhla bavame ukwelashwa, banikeze ingane ngesipuni sesiliva "emazinyweni."
Abantu bakholelwa kwezinye izibonakaliso ezihambisana nokusika:
- Ukubeka amathuba okuba nezinkezo ezimbili enkomishini eyodwa, ungalindela umshado;
- Isipuni sawa etafuleni - lindela ukuvakashela lona wesifazane, ummese wehlisiwe - kuza owesilisa;
- Ukusikeka okwengeziwe kwakusetafuleni ngesikhathi sasemini somndeni - kuzoba nesivakashi;
- Akunakwenzeka ukungqongqoza etafuleni ngesipuni - Inkinga izofika;
- Labo abakhotha isipuni ngemuva kokudla, belinde umshado womshado ojabulisayo.
Into yetafula yadlala indima yakhe empilweni yabafundi yesikhathi esedlule. Ekhulwini le-XIX, abantu abasha abathola imfundo eKazan University, ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ngakunye babeke izinkezo itiye ngaphansi kwengubo ukuze baphumelele ukuvivinya okuphumelelayo. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi yini iphuzu elifakwe kulokhu kuvuma, kepha abafundi babekholelwa ukuthi uyasebenza. E-University of Cambridge, isipuni sasisetshenziswa kwesinye isikhathi: I-grandiose cutlery inqunywe esihlahleni ngokukhula kwabantu futhi yanikeza umfundi ongemuva kakhulu njengophawu lwenduduzo.
I-Master edumile ye-Survalism Salvador Dali yasebenzisa isipuni njengewashi le-alamu. Wanamathisela ukubaluleka okukhulu ekulaleni kosuku, kepha akafuni ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi kuye. Ukulala esihlalweni sakho osithandayo, umculi wagcina into etafuleni ezandleni zakhe. Lapho ewa, uDali wavuka emthonjeni. Kulokhu wanele ukubuyisela amabutho ukuthi aqhubeke nomsebenzi.
Into enjalo encane, njengesipuni, inomlando omude futhi iyimfanelo ebaluleke kakhulu ezimpilweni zethu.
Kuvidiyo elandelayo uzothola indaba yesipuni ezithombeni.