IGabernary Japan Flute Xiakuhachi iyathandwa phakathi kwabaculi iminyaka engaphezu kwe-1000. Ngalesi sikhathi, eselangeni elalisetshenziswa yizindela ngesikhathi sokuzindla, wakwazi ukuguqula enye yezimpawu zomculo waseJapan wasendulo futhi adumise kude nezwe lelanga elikhuphukayo.
Yini?
I-Xiakuhai iyithuluzi lomculo lendabuko laseJapan. Oditian umtshingo Uhlobo oluvulekile lunedivayisi elula kakhulu. Ithuluzi elize eliyize elinemiphetho emibili ebekiwe ngokwesiko imidwebo emibi emi-5. Ubude obujwayelekile be-FLE - 1.8 izinyawo zaseJapan. Ithuluzi lomculo selitholile igama laso ngenxa yosayizi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, "iXoyaka" ihunyushwa isuka eJapan njengonyawo, futhi "hati" - njengasishiyagalombili.
Amakhosi e-Syakuhai enza kuphela ngesandla. Ngokwenziwa kwayo, i-bamboo barrel isetshenziswa kanye nenqubo yezimpande. Ihlanzwa ngokucophelela, ifudumeza ngomlilo ohamba kancane futhi yomiswe phakathi nesonto. Emva kwalokho, igcinwe endaweni emnyama neyomile ukusuka eminyakeni emi-3 kuye kwengu-5. Ukusuka esikhathini sesitoreji sethuluzi, indlela yokujula okuzoba nzima kangakanani.
Lapho isisekelo sezinto ezibonakalayo sesilungile, isiteshi sihlanzwa futhi sidonsa izimbobo ezidingekayo. Umtshingo ophelile umbozwe ngezendlalelo eziningana ze-varnish. Ukusuka ngaphakathi kuyacutshungulwa ukuze umsindo uhlanzeke. Ngaphandle - ukuze ithuluzi libukeka lilihle ngokwengeziwe.
Umtshingo ngamunye wenziwa ngesandla, ngakho-ke kuvela okuhlukile impela futhi akukho okufana.
Indaba emfushane
Kunezinguqulo ezimbalwa zokuvela komtshingo waseJapan. Ngokomunye wabo, leli thuluzi lomculo lavela eGibhithe. Ukusuka lapho wafika e-India, wabe esesakazeka eChina naseJapan. Kungakapheli isikhathi eside, leli thuluzi lomculo lalihlotshaniswa nezindela ezilahlekile - iKomuso. Umdlalo embhobheni onjalo ovela ku-bamboo wabathatha esikhundleni somkhuleko futhi wasiza ukugxila ekuzindleni.
Enye yezinganekwane isho ngeqiniso lokuthi ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwezikhali ezigqoke, izindela ezisetshenziselwa ukuzivikela nje izinsimbi zomculo. Kungakho imitshingo iqala ukukhiqiza engxenyeni yezimpande ye-bamboo, okuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi obukhulu. Ekhulwini le-XVII, umtshingo waqala ukusebenzisa ukusebenza kwezingoma zabantu. Abalimi leli thuluzi bakhanga lula, ngakho-ke umtshingo wakwazi ngokushesha ukuthola uthando lwabantu.
Ekhulwini le-XVIII, izikole ezidumile kakhulu zomdlalo eXiakhati zasungulwa.
- Kusho ryu. Lesi sikole sasungulwa cishe ngo-1890, siba ngumlandeli wangempela wamasiko wesikole se-FCE. Umehluko wayo ophambili ukuthi abaculi badlale imiculo yokuzindla equkethe amanothi amade. Ngeshwa, i-repertoire yesikole sokuqala salahleka eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule.
- Kinko-Ruu . Ekuqaleni, lesi sikole sasinesimo se-Aristocray. Yasungulwa nguRonin Kinkko engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-XVIII. I-repertoire yendabuko yesikole yayiqukethe izingoma eziqoqiwe nezicutshunguliwe. Siyabonga esikoleni, uKinko Xiakukhuti waba yingxenye yeSanchuk - umhlangano wendabuko waseJapan.
- Todzan-Ruu . Isikole selokhu liyisisekelo salo sizwela ngesitayela somculo asentshonalanga. Ngakho-ke, izingoma zalo eziphambili zihluke kakhulu kulokho okuwuphawu lomculo waseJapan. Manje iningi labaculi lidlala i-Xiakuharty bangabameleli balesi sikole.
Ukuthandwa ngaphandle kweJapan, leli thuluzi lomculo laqala ukuthola kuphela ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Manje i-bamboo yokuzindla yokuzindla isetshenziswa ekwenzeni izingoma zomculo ezahlukene. I-repertoire ye-Xiakuharty ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu: IGaikeku ne-Honkyuk.
Igama elithi "Honkuk" lihunyushwe ngokuthi "umculo weqiniso". Leli gama lisho izingoma zokuzindla ngendabuko. Yonke eminye imiculo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-guy. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa uMiño (umculo wesintu), kanye nokuthile okwengeziwe, ngokwesibonelo, Japanese Jazz.
I-Xiakuhachi ingazwakala hhayi kuphela ekhonsathini yomculo wezemfundo noma wendabuko. Ngakho-ke, ama-bamboo flute melodies azwakala kumakhamera azwakalayo aya kumafilimu anjalo athi "batman" noma "i-jurassic park".
Ukubuyekezwa kwezinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezinkulu ze-Xiakuhai.
- I-Hotika . Lesi ngesinye sezinhlobo zakudala ze-Japanese Flute. Umehluko wakhe ukuthi bazama njalo ukwenza kusuka kwesinye isiqeshana soqalo. Imvamisa ikhefu ukuhlukaniswa okungaphakathi ku-bamboo. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ngenxa yalokhu, umsindo utholakala kangcono futhi ujulile.
- Gagaku. . Lolu hlobo lwe-Flute seludumile eChina. Kungenxa yokuthi iqiniso lokuthi lalisetshenziswa e-Orchestra Gakaku. Manje usungabona le nto yomculo eminyuziyamu kuphela. Amasampula abaluleke kakhulu agcinwa kwisikhwama semali e-Nare.
- Tampuk. . Lolu fafaza umtshingo ngendlela ehlukile yokuvula umlomo. Ithuluzi liyinto ejwayelekile phakathi kukaGagaki noFuke. Manje kusetshenziswa akuvamile.
- Uhlobo lwefuzo . Inesiphetho esibanzi nesindayo esenziwe ngempande ye-bamboo. Idizayini enezimbobo ezi-5 zomdlalo yasungulwa yizindela zehlelo le-fukehe. Nguye osebenzisa abaculi banamuhla.
- Hitögery . Leli ithuluzi elifanayo elenza, ngokungafani noFuke, alizange lisetshenziselwe ukuzindla, kepha ngokusebenza kwezingoma zabantu. Ngeshwa, le flue yaphuma ekusetshenzisweni okuphelele eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule.
Idlalwa kanjani?
Umdlalo ku-Xiakhatati ufana kakhulu nomdlalo othangolweni ojwayelekile. Ukususa umsindo, udinga ukubeka isiphetho esiphezulu sensimbi yomculo esindebeni esingezansi bese uthumela ukugeleza komoya ku-wedge, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-bump. Esezinhlelweni zokudlala ku-Xiakhatti, abaculi abaningi beluleka ukukhulisa amakhona omlomo, ukumamatheka okuncane. Izindebe ngasikhathi sinye kufanele zivuseleleke. Kulokhu, umsindo uzowa ehlanzekile, hhayi eyethu.
Kunezimbobo zeminwe ezinhlanu ngaphezulu kwethuluzi. Ukuzisebenzisa, ungalawula umsindo womtshingo. Ukuphakama komsindo kubuye kuthinte ukunyakaza kwekhanda phansi kuya phezulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngale ndlela umculi eshintsha i-angle ngaphansi kwalapho i-air jet idlula khona ngethuluzi le-bamboo.
Umdlalo wezemfundo kuleli thuluzi lomculo udinga umkhuba wansuku zonke. Kungcono ukuzijwayeza ngezimo ezihlukile. Isibonelo, ngokwemvelo, ebona ukuthi umsindo uguquka kanjani ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi omusha ngeke akwazi ukudlala ngokushesha noma yimiphi imiculo.
Ukuthatha umtshingo ezandleni zakho okokuqala, kuzokwazi ukudala kuphela umsindo. Ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungayikhipha kanjani imisindo efanele kusuka ithuluzi, kuzodingeka uzame kakhulu.
Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Xiakuhachi idinga ukunakekelwa okufanele. Umtshingo we-bamboo kufanele ugcinwe egumbini elomile nelifudumele. Akunakukwazi ukuwugcina eduze kwama-heater noma amabhethri. Lokhu kuzoholela eqinisweni lokuthi imifantu izovela ebusweni bethuluzi. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzodingeka ukuthi ithathelwe indawo entsha noma ukunikeza ukubuyiselwa. I-Xiakuhai ayidingi ukulungiselelwa okwengeziwe, kepha ngemuva kwesikhathi ngasinye somdlalo, ingaphakathi langaphakathi kufanele lihlanze kahle.
Umdlalo on Flue xyakukhati ubuciko bangempela . Ngeshwa, isikhathi esiningi siqhubeka nokukhula kwakhe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungalilawula kanjani leli thuluzi futhi udlale imiculo egcwele egcwele kuyo, yenziwa iminyaka. Ngakho-ke, manje abantu abangaphansi futhi abambalwa bachitha izimpilo zabo ekuthuthukisweni kwamasiko omculo asendulo.
Mayelana nokudlala kanjani umtshingo xiakuhati, bheka ividiyo elandelayo.