I-Cornet - Ithuluzi lomculo wethusi, libhekwe njengenzalo eqondile yophondo lweposi. Ngaphandle kommbila, akunakwenzeka ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yakudala. Ngomoya wanamuhla we-Orchestra cishe njalo kuzwakala kuzwakala umculo we-cornet. Ezikoleni zomculo, kusebenza njengethuluzi lokufundisa.
Kuvela kanjani futhi nini?
Ipayipi lanamuhla elibizwa ngokuthi i-cornet lenziwa ngethusi, futhi izibonakaliso zokuqala zazenziwe ngokhuni. Ithuluzi lomculo laziwa futhi labizwa nge-zinc. Emakhulwini eminyaka ye-XV-XVII. Ishubhu yephiko le-acurcication yaduma kakhulu eYurophu. Umsindo wakhe wezwakala kuwo wonke amaholide asemadolobheni amaningi eRenaissance Epoch. USolo on the corn wasatshalaliswa e-Italy XVI Century. Kulezi zinsuku, umlando womculo ukhazimulisa abaculi abadumile be-pore - i-VIDO City Giovanni Bassano futhi ayinakhono elinethalente likaClaudio Monteverdi.
Eminyakeni ye-XVII yekhulu, ithuluzi lisobala linikele ngokuthandwa, lifihlwe yisidingo se-violin. Esikhathini sokugcina esihlala isikhathi eside kuzintandokazi, wahlala ensimini yaseNyakatho Yurophu. Lapho, imisebenzi yokugcina ye-solo yadedelwa ngemuva kweminye yekhulu leminyaka. Ngokufika kwenkathi entsha, ngekhulu le-XIX, i-cornet ilahlekelwe ngokuphelele ukuhambisana kwayo.
Manje sekuyiso, ngokwenza ama-motifs asendulo.
I-analogues yanamuhla yafika ekuhoxisweni kwe-Classic Cornet. Ikakhulu, kwakuyi-cornet edume-a-piston, eyadalwa ngo-1830 enhlokodolobha yaseFrance uSigosmund Scchlotel. Ukuguqulwa okuvuselelwe komklami weCornet kwethulwe ama-valve amabili. Ngo-1869, ukuhlukunyezwa kokuthandwa kwamakhibhodi, ikakhulukazi, ithuluzi elithuthukisiwe lawa. Kwakuyimfashini yokufunda umdlalo kuleli thuluzi. Ukwakhiwa kweParis Conservatory kwavula irekhodi lezifundo ezikhethekile zomculo.
Emthonjeni walo mbono kwakuwumsiki weCornetist ogama lakhe nguJean Batist Araba - i-Virtuoso ebhizinisini lakhe. Ekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, leli thuluzi lalisegudwini lokuthandwa. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho afunda ngaye eMbusweni waseRussia. UMbusi uNikolai Pavlovich waba ngowokuqala phakathi kwabantu obusa ababusayo abangadlala ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinsimbi zomoya ezaziwa ngaleso sikhathi. Inkosi yakwazi ukuphatha ngokuphelele noma imuphi umklamo we-cornet. Phakathi nakulokho okwenziwe ngesikhathi kuqinisekiswa kwamakhono avelele endaweni yomculo. UMbusi waze wafunda imisebenzi yendatshana yakhe, ngokwesiko - Mashi wezempi.
I-Symphony Orchestra iyi-core okokuqala eyethulwa ekuphakameni kwekhulu le-XIX. Ithuluzi livame ukukhala kakhulu kwizikolo zikaP. Tchaikovsky ("Italian capricchio"). Umbono ovuselelwe nge-cornet-a-piston wangena eSymphony Orchestra futhi wasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sekhonsathi ye-Opera. Futhi wabuye wathola ukusetshenziswa okuhle ku-orchestras yethusi, eseyalile indima ehamba phambili ye-melodic.
Ubuhlakani
I-Classic Cornet iyithuluzi elibonisa ubuchopho kusuka ethuneni, okuwukuthuthuka kophondo lwakudala lweposi (kusuka ku-corno yase-Italy kuhumusha njengophondo noma uphondo lweposi). Ngokwakheka kwayo kanye nendlela yokuvuselela umsindo, i-cornet ifana nepayipi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ishubhu lakhe lifushane futhi libanzi, futhi esikhundleni sama-valves, amapayipi afakiwe. Ishubhu le-Hull linokufana nesigaxa esine-recess ebanzi, esisekelweni lapho umlomo we-overciecie. Uhlelo lwePiston lwe-cornet-a-piston lunezinkinobho zekhibhodi phezulu, ezinomlomo ngendiza eyodwa.
Enye yezinzuzo zensimbi yomculo ubude obungaphezu kwama-50 cm, amele lula lapho ukuxhumana.
I-timbre yomsindo itholakala ngandlela thile, futhi inqubo inokuhamba okukhulu. Ngenxa ye-valve mechanism, kungenzeka ukuthola inani elikhulu lomsindo ogcwaliswe ngokwe-chromily. Ithuluzi liyakwazi ukuthatha ama-octaves ama-3, anikezela isikhala sokwakheka kwe-melodic ukuthuthukiswa. UCornet-A-piston ngokuhlukaniswa ubhekisa ku-aeroflubles. Umculi onomzamo ovunguza umoya ungene emlonyeni, izindimbane zomoya ziqongelela kuleli cala futhi zidale ama-oscillation anomsindo.
Uhlobo Olulandelayo lwethuluzi - I-Echo-Cornet - yayithandwa yizakhamizi zaseMelika naseBrithani Ifakwe eNkantolokazi Victoria. Ukungafani kwensimbi kutholakala ucezu olu-2. Ngokushintsha usebenzisa i-valve eyengeziwe kwenye isokhethi, usonkontileka wakwazi ukudala umphumela womdlalo nge-surdine, imvamisa ngomsindo we-echo.
Ithuluzi lalijabulela ukuthandwa okungaphezu kokuvamile, imisebenzi eminingi yabhala ngokukhethekile kuye. Ezinye zazo, ngokwesibonelo, "Alpine Echo", amacilongo angaphandle enza kukho kuze kube namuhla.
Sikhiqize amathuluzi anjalo ngohlobo olunqunyelwe. Ikakhulu, lokhu kwenziwa ngeBoosey & Hawkes. Kulezi zinsuku, ukukhiqizwa kwalezo zinhlamvu ezinjalo kusunguliwe eNdiya, yize izinga lemikhiqizo yaseNdiya lingamelani nanoma yikuphi ukugxekwa. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bakhetha ukubhekana nezinsimbi ezindala.
Buyekeza amamodeli
Cabanga ngamamodeli owaziwayo waleli thuluzi.
BB Brahner CR-430s. Imodeli ngesitayela se-Yamaha ycr-2330, yenziwe kuphela ekwakhiweni kwesiliva. Isici esihlukile semodeli umsindo omncane. I-timbre ikhala kahle, ikhanya futhi velvety.
Bb bach CR-700. Ukuhluka okuhle nokukhwalithi ephezulu yensimbi yomculo edume kakhulu kumkhiqizi emhlabeni womculo.
BB Roy Benson CR-202. Ithuluzi lokupompa elenziwe ngethusi eliphuzi ngeshubhu yemisipha yesikhathi, embozwe nge-varnish esobala. Kuhlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwendandatho elungisiwe kanye nomkhawulo emqhele wesithathu, isicoco sokulungiswa komqhele wokuqala, ama-valve amabili akhipha kanye necala eliqinile emichilo emibili.
BB Brahner CR-350. Nakanjani ukunakwa kwemodeli ye-cornet. Kwenziwe ngesitayela se-Yamaha ycr-2330. Ihlukaniswa ngokubuyiselwa komsindo omncane, iketanga elimnandi elithambile nendlela yokupompa enethezekile. Usayizi osayizi kanye nokwakheka - ithusi eliphuzi elinombala obonakalayo, kanye nokuba khona kwecala lebhizinisi lenza le ndlela ye-cornet eheha kakhulu.
Indima emlandweni womculo
U-Cornestist odumile uJean-Batista Arbana wakwazi ukwenza umnikelo obalulekile ekuthandeni kwe-cornet emhlabeni wonke. I-classic yayinguSolo, igcwele i-cornet - umdanso we-neapolitan ovela eSwan Lake P. I. Tchaikovsky kanye nomdanso we-ballerina eBallet "Parsley" I. F. Stravinsky.
I-cornet yasetshenziswa ekwenzeni ukwakheka kwesiqondisi se-jazz. Abaculi abadumile, abadumile kufaka phakathi umdlalo emndenini, bamelelwa ubuntu beJazzen Louis Armstrong neNkosi Oliver.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, icilongo liphuma liphuma eJazz.
ERussia, uVasily VURM waba ngumculi odume kakhulu, umbhali wencwadi ethi "Isikole SaseCornet ngePiston" ka-1929. Umfundi wakhe u-A. B. Gordon ungowombhali wama-ettute amaningana.
