Nature walungisa yisisindo esikhulu lezimanga ngisho izimfihlo. Yebo, akukho lutho ezingaqondakali noma eliyimfihlakalo kubo, kodwa elikhangayo we ezininginingi yemvelo akusho buthaka. izimfihlo eziningi efihla emhlabeni amaminerali. Kuyasiza futhi uyafundisa ukufunda, isibonelo, konke mayelana igolide okuyigugu.
Yini?
Izibalo impassive abonisa: okungenani 97% of the igolide Imininingwane ababebuthene Emhlabeni abakhethwe ezifakwa zomdabu. Lena ozinzile futhi umthombo othembekile "ndini" futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo metal fantastically ezikhangayo. Kukhona linqoba exutshwe nezinye imikhando kanye nokumbiwa idwala awunalutho. Ukuze uthole igolide kakhulu, kufanele uchithe okuningi manipulations ezengeziwe.
Kodwa wobuciko wangempela waleli zwe Geological siwukuqaphela Golden isigaxa . Igolide bomdabu kutholakala impela akuvamile. Futhi yingakho yena kuyancomeka ngu abafuna amateur. Sekususwa ukungcola ukutholwa kwezinto okunjalo kukhona abambalwa.
I okuyigugu engcono yilezo zingenalo yisiphi izinto nezingahlobene nendaba noma ukuwafaka e trace kobukhulu.
Kunzima ukusho ngokuthe ngqó ukuthi igolide ukubukeka uthanda ngokwemvelo. Jiyomethri, Ubukhulu nesisindo zingase zishintshe kakhulu. Inani enkulu amakhophi mass 1 kuya ku-100 kg. Ngezikhathi ezithile ukuhlangabezana okuyigugu nakakhulu. Kodwa lezi kakade ngempela uyathola eliyingqayizivele, futhi ngamunye wabo igama layo.
Kanjani akha?
Ukuvela igolide bomdabu kuthatha ezijulile eminyangweni yasemhlabeni. Lokhu kudinga isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ochwepheshe Ngisho Awukwazi ukuphendula ngokucacile indlela enjalo ivele imfundo amaminerali. Esikhathini esidlule, izisebenzi zasemayini igolide (kokubili yokusebenza ezimayini kanye abafuna) wayekholelwa ukuthi okuyigugu 'sikhule' emhlabathini. Ingqikithi i nokucabanga okunjalo wukuthi izingcezwana ezincane zegolide, ehlukanisiwe core netshe, kuthiwa "edonsa" izinhlayiya ezincane ngokuqondile phansi futhi komhlaba elihlale namaminerali.
Ngesikhathi sigaba esilandelayo, izinhlayiya ezinjalo kukhule ndawonye nomunye. Ngenxa yalokho, nxa udinga amatshe amakhulu kakhulu avele, okuyinto ngakho baziswa. Kodwa lokhu, akungabazeki, inguqulo elihle "kungengokungathi ngishaya" namaqiniso umgomo. Futhi labo iziqinisekiso esikunika abavukuzi igolide esikhathini esidlule, ochwepheshe namuhla ngawo atholakala engenabufakazi. Ngakho, iqiniso lokuthi ezinkulu zegolide bomdabu akuyona zitholiwe emithanjeni ayikwazi lucatshangelwe njengobufakazi ukuntuleka ukuxhumana phakathi lezi zenzakalo.
izifundo Mineralogical wasivumela ukuba sithole ukuthi Igolide ngokwemvelo ekuqaleni kwakhiwa zibe nemiklamo V emise. Ngakho-ke, lapho kumiswa kokuqala indawo metal, izakhiwo ezinonileyo imoto kwenzakala ngaphezulu uqobo noma engajulile kakhulu. Kancane kancane, esibalulekile imali kokuqala kwaluqeda ngokuphelele. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi cishe 2/3 of engxenyeni engenhla yimuphi kumiswa igolide-equkethe Sekuyisikhathi eside yabhujiswa futhi manje izinsalela olulodwa kuphela sebetholiwe.
Esinye isimo kubalulekile yasungulwa - nxa udinga amatshe amakhulu akhiwa hhayi kuphela e-ore emithanjeni, kodwa futhi emithanjeni emincane lateral, kude at amabanga ehlukene netshe umzimba omkhulu. Enjalo ngamanga zingaphenduka izihlungi zemvelo uyakwazi washo izixazululo amaminerali ayegcwele igolide. Lapho izixazululo zokuqhubekela amaphiko, bamane ubeke metal, esiyingxenye izakhiwo bomdabu ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile.
Ochwepheshe wathola ukuthi iningi labantu nxa udinga amatshe amakhulu akhiwa streaks encane ocebile ensimbini eyigugu futhi eseduze komhlaba.
V-theory has iziqinisekiso eziningi ezingokoqobo, futhi ngekhulu xxi kungekho sokuma sizoxoxa ngisho sina "Rostov theory".
Uyangaphi ekutholeni?
Studyers abanolwazi uthanda ukubheka igolide bomdabu e Staritsa futhi wangaphambili emfuleni emifuleni eziye dryed ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa benchmark enjalo ayanele. Lezi zindawo cishe ka ingots zivumelana nenqubo efana:
- eduze emalungeni izakhiwo zomhlaba;
- Kwakukhona izintaba-mlilo endaweni ethile;
- wathola Ngaphambili amapuleti igolide noma igolide esindayo impande imikhando;
- Ngaphakathi endaweni engaba 50-80 km azikho ezifakwa esiliva.
Maye, eYurophu eyayiyingxenye Russia efanelekayo ucinge igolide ingots azikho izindawo. Kodwa eSiberia (ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ihlathi), amathuba empumelelo inkulu ngokuphindwe kaningi. Kubalulekile ngokuvakashela beyofuna okuyigugu:
- Yakutia;
- Kolyma River Pool;
- Amur esifundeni;
- Krasnoyarsk esifundeni;
- Australia;
- Ghana;
- Indonesia;
- Norway;
- Canada (lapho ngaphambili ingots esikhulu kakhulu).
Okuyigugu elikhulu
Emhlabeni
Ngokuvamile ungezwa ukuthi elikhulu amatshana ayigugu atholakala ngokusemthethweni - plate Halterman . Watholwa cishe ngu-150 edlule emayini Quartz e-Australia. Ungqimba ingqikithi itshe kwaba 250 kg, kanti u-93 kg zaba a precaumatal ahlanzekile, ubude babuyizingalo 1.4 m. Ukuze ubone setshe Halterman Akwenzekanga isikhathi eside. It lakhunjulwa futhi reworked.
Kodwa uma uya ngokuqinile, ke setshe Halterman ayikwazi kubhekwe amagugu.
ngezigaba Mineralogical uzibiza metal oluhlanzekile. I Ukutholakala kwalezi 1872 ucezu imithambo izingxenye igolide elihlanganisa afanayo asebenza ngebhethri. Udumo ikhophi lihlotshaniswa yokuthi photographer owamthola ngokushesha wenza eziningi izithombe, zihlakazeke emhlabeni wonke.
Kancane ngaphambili, ngo-1869, wathola I isigaxa "ongamazi oyifunayo" enesisindo 71 kg.
I "ongamazi oyifunayo" ngokwezwi nezwi "ayelele endleleni." Abafuna ngakhubeka phezu block ngesikhathi bezama ukuyikhipha inqola zabo bagibele. Njengoba yayingekho amandla afanele esikalini itshe kwadingeka ukuba ihlukaniswe izingxenye balinganise kubo yanjalo.
I amagugu ngobukhulu e California kwatholakala lapho ukumba amathuna. Nakhodka wabizwa ngokuthi yokudumisa wangcwatshwa - "Oliver Martin", Lubbet enesisindo 36 kg ithengiswe for $ 22.700.
Uma ugxila amakhophi thembeke walondoloza ke ematfuba kakhulu nzima ukuphuma Umdubuli canaa. Lokhu cobblestone igolide watholakala ngo-1983 eduze nedolobhana waseBrazil Serra Pelad, okuyinto igqoke. Nakhodka igcina Museum of National Central Bank. Ungqimba Imininingwane kuyinto 60,82 kg, futhi igolide izindawo zibe nesisindo esingaphezu 52 kg.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngo-ukuqala kakhulu, amagugu wayesalokhu inkanuko, kodwa kwakunzima ukuba kukhishwe khona kusukela Earth.
Naphezu ukukhathala we imfiva igolide, zonke ingots ezintsha ngezikhathi ezithile ezitholakala. Ngakho, ngo-September 2018, uHenry Dol bathola omunye ingot enkundleni nickel "Beta Hunt", eNtshonalanga Australia. Nakhodka senziwe inqubo banal umsebenzi alufakwa. I tincetu ngobukhulu eyayisele emva ukuqhuma "wadonsa" mayelana 90 khilogremu, zazo ukufakwa legolide sasingama 65,2 kg. Futhi wathola isinqamu enesisindo kg 60 (ngaphakathi kwaba 45,3 kg igolide). Kwenzekeni okuyigugu okwengeziwe, akwaziwa.
ngaphambili, Ngo-1980, eduze kwedolobha Australia Kingauer Uthole ingot enesisindo 27,66 kg. Kevin Hillier uzithela kuye. Itshe ithole igama "Hand ukholo", Ngenxa yokuthi ifana entendeni. Kuyinto ukwazi ukuthi lena ikhophi eliphakeme legolide bomdabu wathola ngosizo umtshina metal. Ubukhulu balo kukhona 0.09x0.47x0.2 m. "Isandla ukholo" kungabonwa emnyango omunye Las Vegas yekhasino.
Enye yokuthola senziwe 1992 eCalifornia. isisindo "Amagugu we Umqhele" Kuyinto 16.4 kg. Lena isampula igolide crystalline, owawungumnyaka ngaphakathi mass asebenza ngebhethri. Fluoride hydrofluoric acid isicelo ukususa asebenza ngebhethri. "I jewel umqhele"
eRussia
Izwe lethu unothile kakhulu igolide imali. Kuthathwa ngokuthi avame kakhulu ukuba ahlangane medium and placer encane. Isibonelo esikhulu kunazo zonke Lokudabuka asekhaya obonwa Russian unxantathu eziyigugu. I amagugu itholwe Urals (noma kunalokho, ingxenye yakhe eningizimu) e ibanga 1842.
Kuyinto ukwazi ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi emayini, lapho ingot watholakala kubhekwe engafanele izimayini olwengeziwe.
V 1895 yokuthola omunye senziwa - mass wakhe safinyelela 31 kg. Kuze kube manje, kuze kube phakade okwalandela, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthola igolide okuyigugu enesisindo 20 kg nokuningi, kodwa eziningi amakhophi 5-19.9 kg enesisindo. A Ngo-1881 e-Bodaibo River Basin Kutholwe itshe legolide ogeleza ngongqimba ingqikithi 25,9 kg. Eminyakeni asebenza ngebhethri avuse mass sampuli 16.3 kg. Ukukhomba ngobukhulu yakut ingot (9.6 kg, 0.192x0,153x0.09 m) izinsuku 1945.
Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi inkazimulo amagugu lihlotshaniswa yayo irekhodi-osayizi. Ngakho, e-Isikhwama idayimane ichonywe "Mephistopheles" Ukucabangisisa Ngethuba Lokungenela mayelana 0.02 kuphela kg. Nokho, izivakashi ezintsha baphuthuma kuye ngaso sonke isikhathi. Itshe sifana kakhulu umfanekiso Mephistophele, nendlela esetshenziswa abantu azibonayo. Inombolo yokuhlolwa irrefutably wabonisa ukuthi akunakuphikwa iwumkhiqizo wemvelo, ngaphandle iqhaza komuntu.
Okungajwayelekile futhi ifomu "Hare izindlebe", atholakala Urals. I ingot sabhalwa ekuqaleni kuka-1935, wadonsa ku ezweni ezinkulu wasebenza iminyaka okungenani 110. I prospector wahlangana "Hare Izindlebe" kakade inqubo ukulungiselela emayini ukulondolozwa. Sisindvo unicum 3.3 kg, futhi ngempela sifana ikhanda igundane ngezindlebe side. Zabhalwa kuvulwa kungokwalabo uPetru Simonov.
Nazi ezinye izithole ngaphezulu:
- "Camel" (Kolyma Imayini, 1947, 9.3 kg);
- "Ikhanda Horsep" (Ural, 1936, 13.7 kg);
- "Holey elikhulu" (3 kg, wathola iminyaka engaba ngu-300 edlule - okungelinye lamabandla okuqala kakhulu ezweni lethu).
esetshenziswa kuphi?
Konke kusobala ngempela. Nerbon igolide alisetshenziswa izinjongo lobuchwepheshe kanye wezokwelapha, kuba:
- iya izivunulo;
- aqiniswe igolide;
- Asetshenziswa izinjongo embukisweni;
- isetshenziswa ukukhangisa;
- Lihlehlisiwe ezizimele.
Bheka ulwazi ngisho ezithakazelisayo kabanzi mayelana igolide indibilitshe ividiyo elandelayo.