Sebenzisa abantu besiliva baqale ezikhathini zasendulo. Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi enhle yesiliva nanamuhla akulahlekelwa ukuhambisana. Ubucwebe kanye nokusika kwenziwa ngesiliva ngokuqhekeka okungenani ngama-800. Noma kunjalo, ezitolo zakudala ungathola imikhiqizo nge-crealown 84, futhi zibiza kakhulu.
Yini?
Isampula 84 ayisho ukuthi sikhona Ikhwalithi ephansi kakhulu yesiliva . Lesi sibalo sihlobene nohlelo lwesampula ye-Spool, elethulwa kwi-Tsarist Russia ngo-1798. Isenzo sayo saqhubeka kuze kube ngu-1927, lapho sathathelwa indawo yi-metric. Isisekelo sokwakhiwa kohlelo sathathwa ngephawundi laseRussia elakhiwa ama-spools angama-96. I-spool ngalezo zinsuku yayisetshenziswa njengeyunithi yokulinganisa ngobuningi, inesisindo esingaphezu kuka-4 g.
Njenganoma yiluphi uhlelo lwesampula, i-stencil yasho inani lensimbi eyigugu ku-alloy.
Ngakho-ke, isitembu se-wizadi ngenombolo 84 sikhombise ukuthi kusuka ezingxenyeni ezingama-96 zama-alloy we-alloy esiliva ezingxenyeni ezingama-84.
Inkomba ephansi kakhulu yayingama-spools angama-36, okuphezulu kakhulu - 96 Yini ehambelana nesiliva elicishe lihlanzekile.
Sifunda ukuthi isiliva linamasampula angama-84. Le nombolo akunzima ukuhumusha ohlelweni olujwayelekile futhi olulula lwe-metric senzelwe thina. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa isampula ye-spool ku-96 futhi uphindaphinde nge-1000. Ngokukhiqiza izenzo ezilula, sithola umphumela 875.
Namhlanje Isiliva elingu-875 libhekwa njengelibiza kakhulu Futhi kuyo ungabenzi ubucwebe obunokusho.
Kepha kuyinto enhle kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni ze-cutlery.
Izinzuzo nobubi
Njengoba kwaziwa, isiliva kuyinsimbi ethambile futhi eguquguqukayo, ngakho-ke impahla ngaphandle kokungcola ayisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemikhiqizo. Izakhiwo zokuqukethwe zincike ekutheni ubunono obuningi bokungcola. Esiliva laseRussia amasampula angu-84 kwakukhona okuqukethwe okubalulekile kwethusi Lokho kudale zombili izimfanelo ezinhle zemikhiqizo nokubi.
Kanye nokunye okuningi.
- Okokuqala, ithusi linikeza amandla ku-alloys yesiliva. Imikhiqizo iqinile, evumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo zezinto ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke.
- I-alloy imelana kakhulu, ayithembisi umshado, enikeza impilo yenkonzo ende. Abalahlekelwa ukubukeka okukhangayo isikhathi eside.
- Izinto zimelana nemiphumela emishini, imihuzuko ayikhiwa phezu kwazo.
- Imikhiqizo iyafinyeleleka kahle ukugeza nokuhlanza, awesabi ukujuluka.
Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinto ezinzima zikhona:
- I-alloy ayifanele ubucwebe obukhulu;
- Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwethusi kwesiliva okukhulu kunomthunzi ophuzi;
- Umsebenzi wawungahlali unembile ngenxa yamandla nobulukhuni bensimbi.
Ukwakheka nezakhiwo
Isiliva - omele iqembu lezinsimbi eziyigugu. Ngaphandle kwalokho babizwa ngokuthi yinhle, njengoba bengayixega futhi abayona i-corlobusion.
Phakathi kwezinsimbi eziyigugu, isiliva livame kakhulu.
Isici sakhe esihlukile - Umbala omuhle wesiliva omhlophe.
Kodwa-ke, isiliva kuleli qembu liyinsimbi engazinzile kakhulu. Futhi elinye isici sakhe liwumnyama kancane kancane. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho uthintana nezinto ezithile zamakhemikhali. I-nitrogen, umoya-mpilo, ikhabhobho ngesiliva ayisebenzi. Uphuzi ophuzi futhi ube mnyama kubangela amakhompiyutha sulfur. Ukuhlushwa kwabo okuncane kuhlale kuqukethwe emoyeni, ngoba lokhu kungumkhiqizo we-metabolism yezinto eziphilayo nabantu, kanye nesibabule kusetshenziswa kabanzi embonini. Izinguquko ngokubukeka kwesiliva zingadala iodine ne-bromine.
Ngenxa yeplastiki enkulu, isiliva elihlanzekile lisetshenziselwa ukufafaza usebenzisa indlela ye-electrorlytic ukwenza ngcono izakhiwo zokuhlobisa futhi zivikele imikhiqizo kwezinye izinsimbi kanye nama-alloys esiliva. Ukunikeza izinsimbi eziyigugu zezakhiwo ezithile, ama-ligature angeniswa kubo - izakhi ezingeziwe. Basiza ukukhulisa ubulukhuni futhi bagqoke ukumelana kwensimbi eyisisekelo, futhi bangashintsha umbala wayo.
I-ligature enkulu yesiliva - ithusi.
Esesiliva amasampula esiliva 84, isabelo sayo singu-12,5%. Lesi silinganiso senza ukumelana nesiliva ukumelana nomonakalo owenziwe ngomshini nokugqoka, kepha insimbi yakha kahle. Futhi ngenxa yethusi linomthunzi othize.
Kwezinye izimo, amakhosi angangeza okunye ukungcola. Isibonelo, iplatinamu Kuyasiza ukukhulisa ukuqina kwemikhiqizo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kubenza babize kakhulu. Kanye ne-zinc, cadmium, i-nickel ingangezwa.
Isicelo
ERussia, kwavuka isiliva esiliva ngaphansi kwethonya likaPeter I. UMkhiqizi wenkonzo yokuqala wenzeka ngo-1711 ngokuya nge-oda lakhe. Lapho-ke amakhosi anekhono aqala ukuvela, ubuchwepheshe bokwenziwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngengcindezi evela kuPeter I kuleli lizwe kwakukhona ushintsho, amasiko aseYurophu ayeyingxenye yobukhosi. Kwaba yimfashini futhi kuyathandeka ukuba nezinto ezinhle zesiliva empilweni yansuku zonke.
Isiliva lethebula selibe yindawo evamile lapho sisebenza ezindlini ezicebile . Ukwakheka kwamasethi kwakubanzi kakhulu: nezinkezo, izifo kanye nemimese, izitsha, amathileyi, amakhondeni abanikazi, ezinye izinto. Okubalulekile okwenzelwe abantu abangu-6, abayi-12 noma ngaphezulu babongwa ngokukhethekile. Isiliva lethebula lalijwayelekile, lalifa ifa.
Ngaphandle kwamasethi wasemini, Kwakheka ukusetshenziswa kwetiye nge-samovar, ikofi, kusetha yewayini.
Ukusetshenziswa nokuqoqa izinto zesiliva kunqume isimo somndeni. Kuthenge amabhakede ewayinini elipholile, ama-candelabra, ama-vases, ugwayi kanye nesiliva amadivaysi abhalwe phansi. I-Cutlery, izesekeli kanye nezinto zokuhlobisa ezenziwe eFabgerworkshop zaziswa kakhulu..
Inani lakudala
Izici eziningi zithinta izindleko zesiliva, ezinye zazo zensimu yezinqubo zezomnotho ezenzeka nanamuhla emhlabeni. Intengo ingakhuphuka futhi yehle ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngokwesibonelo, Ngonyaka owedlule, intengo yesiliva 875 amasampula aguqukayo ebangeni lama-ruble angama-26- 36 nge-1 g . Futhi ku-pawnshop noma ukuthenga kuzoba yincane. Imikhiqizo eqediwe izobiza kakhulu, njengoba izindleko zomsebenzi zizobhekwa.
Yize isampula 84 ihambelana nenkomba yanamuhla 875, ikhuluma ngokuthi u-gram ongakanani wesiliva asendulo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi libe kufanelekile, ngoba imikhiqizo iyinzuzo yamasiko neyomlando. Zivame ukuhlolwa njengomsebenzi wobuciko, bonisa imibukiso eminyuziyamu. Imvamisa izinto ezinjalo ziseqoqweni langasese. Imakethe yasendulo yomhlaba wonke inika ukuhlolwa okuphezulu kwesiliva laseRussia.
Njengoba i-alloy inokuqina okuphezulu, imikhiqizo eminingi ilondolozwe kahle kuze kube namuhla.
Izinto zokucwaswa "84" zisetshenziswa namuhla, zinentengo ephezulu, njengoba zinjalo izinto zakudala.
Ngokwesibonelo, Izindleko zezitsha zesiliva zingafinyelela ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50. . Ngaphezu kwesampula, kukhona i-stigma wizard kwimikhiqizo, engakhulisa nezindleko. Iqiniso ngukuthi kuze kube ngu-1899, kwakungekho isitembu somfaniswano, yonke imizwa yokusebenzela noma i-master kwakuyidwa. Isitembu singaqukatha idatha egameni le-Master, indawo kanye nosuku lokwenza umkhiqizo.
Ukunakekela Imikhiqizo
Izinto ezibalulekile zidinga indlela efanelekile yokugcina nokunakekela ukuqinisekisa ukubukeka kwazo okuhle. Zizohlanzwa ngezikhathi ezithile kusuka ekubonakaleni kwepuleti . Kwenze kube ngcono kwi-Jewelry Workshop lapho ukuhlanza kuzobambelela khona. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi ngemikhiqizo enomhlobiso we-koqweqwe noma kufakwa ematsheni.
Izinto ngaphandle kokufakwa zingahlanzwa ngokuzimela ekhaya . Ilungele ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezikhethekile ezenzelwe isiliva, ezinikezwa yizinhlobonhlobo eziningi abakhiqizi banamuhla. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalo enamathiselwe kwi-Medium.
Into ingagezwa emanzini ashisayo usebenzisa isisombululo sensipho. Uma kukhona impumuzo emkhiqizweni, kufanele usebenzise ibhulashi (ungazama amazinyo) nge-bristle engeyona eqinile. Ngale ndlela, kuyadingeka yome ngokucophelela umkhiqizo usebenzisa i-napkin noma ithawula ukuze ugweme ukubukeka kwesehlukaniso. Ngemuva kokugeza ingaphezulu, kuyalulekwa ukuthi uPoland.
Ngokuphayona, ungasebenzisa okhilimu abakhethekile noma uketshezi, futhi othengiswa ezitolo. Izakhi ezikhethekile zizovikela isiliva emiphumeleni yezinto ezinolaka eziqukethwe emoyeni zizonikeza zikhanye.
Lapho usuqede inqubo, umkhiqizo uphinde wageza ngamanzi anensipho ukuze ususe izinsalela ze-ejenti yokupholisha, bese usula owomile.
Izinto zesiliva zasendulo kufanele zibe ngaphakathi lapho kungekho khona umswakama womoya ngokweqile, futhi kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayikho imisebe yelanga kubo.
Eduze kwemikhiqizo yesiliva akufanele kube yizinto ezivela kwezinye izinsimbi.
Ngobuciko bokubhala kwesiliva, ungajwayelana nevidiyo elandelayo.