Abantu abaningi banamuhla ekukhulumeni nge-calligraphy kuqala bazokhumbula isikole saseJapan esidumile saleli khono eliyinkimbinkimbi. Kepha abaseYurophu nabo banokuthile abangaziqhayisa, futhi izitayela eziningi zaseYurophu aziphansi kobuhle basempumalanga nobunzima. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukucubungula izici ze-calligraphy gothic futhi uzijwayeze ngomlando wayo.
Inkomba Yomlando
Owokuqala, osatshalaliswa cishe kuwo wonke amaYurophu, kwakungumGreki. Ngomlando wakhe, sasebenzisa izinhlamvu zamaGreek ngemiklamo ebushelelezi futhi ngaphandle kwama-serifs. -Sadaliwe Ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseRoma, ngokusekelwe kuzinhlamvu zamaGrikhi Latin, selivele liqukethe iningi lababhalisile bakhe boobhala ngezinhlamvu ezinkulu Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinto zokuhlobisa bezingathandwa ukuthandwa.
Njengoba ubuKristu busakazeka isidingo senombolo enkulu Izincwadi Zenkolo Ebhala Ngabhala NgaLonda Mathupha Ezindlini Zezimali . Ngasinye salezincwadi sasiwumsebenzi oyingqayizivele, ngakho izindela ezazisebenza ngenhla zashintsha kancane kancane ukuguqula umdwebo, ofuna ukwenza izincwadi zibe zinhle futhi zinobuhlakani. Ngasikhathi sinye, lezo zincwadi kwakufanele ziqondwe futhi zibe khona abahlali bakwamanye amazwe, ngakho-ke, kwakhiwa kancane kancane izincwadi ezihlangene. Maphakathi nekhulu le-X, okuvame kakhulu eYurophu kwadalwa eFrance Incwadi yohlelo lwe-caroling.
Kususelwa ekusekelweni kwayo kanye nokwejwayelekile futhi okuvame kakhulu kwamafonti ama-gothic avele - ukuthungwa.
Le ncwadi ithole le ncwadi ngenxa yokuthi umbhalo wabhalwa ngawo ngokuzungeza indawo yamakhasi, akha ukufana kokuthungwa kwezicubu.
Ukubonakala kwesimo kwezinhlamvu ze-gothic kuhlotshaniswa neqiniso lokuthi ukubhala kusetshenziselwe incwadi yayisetshenziswa endaweni ethile yezimpaphe. Ekugcineni, le nguqulo yokubhala yathatha ukwakheka kwekhulu le-XIII, kanti isikhathi eside kuwukuthungwa kanye nezinketho zalo ezibhale izincwadi kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kwasetshenziswa ifonti efanayo nalapho kudala okudumile I-Bhayibheli guteberg - incwadi yokuqala ephrintiwe yaseYurophu.
E-Italy, kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XII, kwasatshalaliswa ifonti ye-semi-getgotic IRostunda Okuqukethwe ama-serifs, kepha ngokuvamile kwakuyindilinga ukwedlula ukuthungwa.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, igama elithi "le ncwadi gothic" lalisetshenziswa kulolu hlelo nokuhlukahluka kwalo kwabaculi I-Italian Renaissance ngekhulu le-XV.
Ukuba ngabasekeli bokubuyela kuma-aesthetics asendulo, izibalo ze-renaissance babheka ukuthi ukuthungwa kwenguqulo "ye-barbar" yale ncwadi, ngakho-ke bakubiza ngokuhlonipha esinye sezizwe ezidumile zaseJalimane.
Ngaphansi kwethonya leRenaissance, i-gothic yathathwa Indawo yokuhamba - Iningi labantu banamuhla lanamuhla ngamafonti anemivimbo emihlobiso ephansi. I-gothic ende kunazo zonke egciniwe ejele eJalimane. Lapho ngekhulu le-XVII kwakukhona inguqulo efudumele yokwethulwa, eyaziwayo NjengoFracctura . Leli fonti lalihlobisa ngokwengeziwe kunezinye izinketho ze-gothic, ngoba, ngaphandle kwama-serfs, futhi laliqukethe inani elikhulu le-curls neFrance. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, cishe lonke elaseYurophu lishintshele ku-antiqua. Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwe-gothic kwagcinwa kuphela eJalimane nasemazweni aseBaltic, kodwa ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II, benqaba amafonti akwaGothic nawo.
Njengamanje, amafonti e-gothic ngenxa yobunzima bokufundwa kwabo asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ekuhlobiseni. Izincwadi eziningi, ama-Predic Press nezinye izinhlobo zemibhalo ziphrintiwe ngezinketho zakudala.
Izici zamafonti we-gothic
I-Gothic - enye yezinhlamvu ezibonakala kakhulu. Izimpawu zakhe:
- Izinhlamvu zigxilile ngokuqondile (kuze kube sezingeni elikhulu kakhulu kuwukuthungwa okujwayelekile);
- Ukuhlanganiswa (izinhlamvu zitholakala eduze komunye nomunye, kwesinye isikhathi ngokoqobo ngebanga lokuthinta);
- inani elikhulu lama-serifs nezinye izinto zokuhlobisa;
- Inani elikhulu lemigqa ezincwadini (kaningi ziqukethe izinto ezihlukene ezihlukene);
- "Ephukile" umdwebo wezinhlamvu eziningi (azisetshenziswa e-Roetund);
- Inhlanganisela ezinhlotsheni zemigqa yobukhulu obuhlukile (kaningi, ngaphezu kwesifunda esikhulu esikhulu, izinhlamvu, ikakhulukazi umugqa, ziqukethe imigqa emincane yokuhlobisa).
I-calligraphic Amafonti e-Gothic ama-ligature ajwayelekile (Ukubhala ukubhala izinhlamvu eziseduze).
Umbhalo obhalwe yi-gothic ubukeka eqinile futhi enzima, ebangela inhlangano nge-antiquity, imfihlakalo nenkolo. Kuzofanelekile emisebenzini ehlobene nezezimali kanye nokubhenka, umlando, inkolo, isoteric.
Ngemibhalo ehalalisela neyephromoshini, izincwadi ze-Gothic zidinga ukusetshenziswa ngokunakekelwa okukhulu - Funda i-Gothic inzima kakhulu kunamanye amafonti, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungadala ama-pathos ngokweqile kanye nesikhulu.
Okuzodingeka nge-calligraphy
Ukuze ufunde ngempumelelo lolu hlobo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokudweba, uzodinga:
- Ama-Alphabets aphrintiwe aphrintiwe abhalwe phansi awo ofuna ukubhala;
- ishidi lephepha (ekuqaleni kungcono ukusebenzisa amagama noma amashidi akhethekile we-calligraphic ahlukaniswe);
- ipensela ne-eraser;
- Phatha ngepeni elibanzi (uma nje uqala ukuzibandakanya e-calligraphy, ungathatha isikhundla sokuphathwa kwesici nge-calligraphic ekhethekile);
- Uyinki (angathandeki amanzi);
- iphepha lokuvala.
Indawo yokusebenzela amakilasi kufanele ibeke kahle futhi ibe ngcono impela. Okokuqala, kufanele ube elula. Uma kungenzeka, hlela indawo eshayayo ngencwadi.
Ungabhala kanjani i-gothic font
Umthetho obaluleke kakhulu we-gothic calligraphy - Isibambo ngesikhathi sokubhalwa kwezinhlamvu kufanele kube nge-angle ka-45 ° ebusweni bephepha. Lo mthambeka uhlinzeka ngomdwebo we- "Branded" Gothic.
Emafonti amaningi ama-gothic, umthetho wokuphakama wento ehlobene nobukhulu besiphuphu sepeni. Ukuphakama kwezinhlamvu ezincane kakhulu kungubukhulu be-4,5. Okwezinhlamvu ezinkulu, lesi silinganiso singubukhulu be-6 pen. Ekugcineni, ukunyuka futhi kwehla izinto zezinhlamvu kufanele kwenziwe ngokuphakama kobukhulu obukhulu obungu-2. Ngakho-ke, nge-calligraphy ye-gothic, uzodinga i-recius noma ishidi ngehambelana nePeru yakho ehlukaniswe. Indlela elula yokulinganisa isilinganiso sokuphakama kwentambo nobukhulu bepeni ngokudweba i- "LESTENKA" noma imivimbo ehlelwe ngendlela ehloliwe.
Ohlwini olulungele ukulubhala kulayini ngamunye kufanele kube:
- imigqa ephezulu nephansi yezinhlamvu ezincane;
- imigqa emibili eyengeziwe ngaphezulu nangaphansi kwezingxenye ezikude;
- Umugqa owengeziwe ovela phezulu (phakathi phakathi komugqa wezinhlamvu ezisezingeni eliphansi kanye nomugqa wezinto ezikude) zokubhala amagama amakhulu.
Lapho ubhala, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izimpaphe kufanele zihlale zisuka kwesobunxele ziye kwesokudla noma zisuka entweni ephezulu kuya phansi.
Izikhombisi-ndlela ezingqubuzanayo zokuhamba ziholela ekutholweni kwemivimbo engalingani. Ukudweba ama-cutches amancanyana, udinga ukusebenzisa ekhoneni lesokunxele lethiphu yepeni. Ungaqala umkhuba ngokuthuthukiswa komunye wemiklamo elula kakhulu yama-gothic. Ukuziqhenya esibonelweni kukhombisa ukuqondiswa kwepeni.
Kuvidiyo elandelayo, ungabuka incwadi ye-gothic yokuqhekeka.