Ukubhala (izithombe ezingama-54): Kuyini? Izici zokubhala izinhlamvu nezinombolo. Izinketho zefonti. Ungayenza kanjani imibhalo emihle?

Ukubhala, naphezu kokungayiveli yakhe (futhi kwabaningi okungaqondakali), kusizungeza impilo yansuku zonke. Leli gama lisho ilebula elihle, kanye nebhodi yezimpawu ezingajwayelekile esitolo sekhofi, kanye nemenyu ekhefini, elibhalwe kwifonti yasekuqaleni ebhodini. Kubandakanya amakhadi okubingelela, amaphrinta, ama-logo nokuningi.

Yini?

Ukubhala - Lo mdwebo, umdwebo ococekile nomuhle wezinhlamvu. Abantu abaningi baqhathanisa izincwadi kanye ne-calligraphy. Eqinisweni, ukufana - lokhu kungukuqala kokubhala izincwadi, okubonisa isimo semizwa nesimo esingokomzwelo, okugcizelela ubuntu bakhe nobuntu bakhe. Kepha ukubhala kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ubuciko, ngaphezu kokudweba.

Isikhathi eside, ukubhala kwabhekwa njengendlela elula ekwakheni. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2000s, waba nokuzimela, efunwa kanye nomsebenzi okhokhelwa kahle.

Isidingo samafonti asekuqaleni kanye nokwakhiwa kombhalo kuphakeme kakhulu, futhi izinhlamvu (labo bantu ababandakanyeka emdwebeni wabo) bayadingeka empilweni yansuku zonke.

Umlando

Ukubhala kunomlando omude olingana nomlando wokubhala. Ngekhulu le-III. n. Ns. Ngemuva kokwenza ngcono amaGrikhi asendulo, i-alfabhethi laseFenike lalinezinkamisa kanye nabatholi abakhohlisi. Ukuthambekela kwalandelelwa ekubabhaleni - babequkethe imigqa ecacile yobukhulu obufanayo, into ngayinye yayinomumo olula wejometri: isisekelo esiyindilinga, esingunxantathu noma ukwakheka.

Ekhulu leminyaka ye-VI, kwavela isitayela esisha encwadini, eyayibizwa ngokuthi yi-Enzial. Manje ukuphela kwelitha kwaqala ukwenza okuncane ngemuva kwemingcele ephezulu nangaphansi yochungechunge. Esikhathini esivela ekhulwini le-XI ngekhulu le-XII, incwadi ye-Gothic ne-Rounduout ithola ukuthandwa.

Esikhathini esivela ku-XIII ngekhulu le-XIV (inkathi yemvuselelo), kwavela ifonti yamanzi, kanye nokwelashwa kokuqala (umlobi waba uLuka Pachet) mayelana nokwakheka kwesikwele naso I-Diagonals, kanye nombuthano obhalwe kuyo.

Ngokuzayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwamafonti kutholwe kuphela umfutho, ngoba baqala ukudalelwa izidingo ezahlukahlukene: ukukhangisa, izincwadi, amaphephandaba. Kwavela ukuthi ithambu laseGibhithe elithuthukisiwe, umehluko ongemva kweqiniso kwaba ukushuba kwayo yonke imigqa nama-sneaker ayefana. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwavela ifonti ye-groteque, lapho kwakungekho zindawo nhlobo.

Ekhulwini lama-20, kwasungulwa lonke uchungechunge lwamafonti ngesisekelo se-grotesque: I-Futura, i-Erbar Grotesque, Gill Grotesque nabanye. Ngemuva kwalokho ukubhala kwaqala ukuthuthuka ngasikhathi sinye kuzo zonke izinkomba, kancane kancane ukuthola lezo zici ezingabonwa namuhla.

Qhathanisa ne-calligraphy

Indoda ehlanganyela ekubhaleni ayibophekile ukuba nayo imfundo yobuciko, kodwa kufanele ibe nesifiso sokwenza. Futhi udinga isikhathi salokhu - Cishe isigamu sehora nsuku zonke.

Vele, amakhono okudweba atholakalayo kubantu azosiza ukuphumelela ngokushesha, nolwazi ngombala, izingoma, amathemba azoba yinzuzo enkulu ekufundeni ukuyeka. Kepha akufanele udabuke uma kungenjalo, ngoba ukutadisha, kufaka phakathi okwabo, kungenzeka.

Ukubhala kulungele abasanda kufika ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Sizokhuluma ngabo ngezansi.

• Akunasidingo sokulinda amashumi eminyaka ukufeza imiphumela ebonakalayo.
• Awekho amakhono akhethekile okufanele afunde. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezingoma ezinhle ezivela ezincwadini kuselula kunesithombe sezinyoni ezindizayo noma izinhloko ze-gypsum.
• Uma sifunda ukuthi singayiqamba kanjani izingoma ezivela ezincwadini, kuzoba lula kakhulu, ngoba le mithetho iyisisekelo somsebenzi.
• Uma izinyanga ezimbili kungenziwa nsuku zonke, ungaphumelela.

UStephen Kunz kanye noLauren HOKHA kusuka phakathi kwalabo abathola udumo lomhlaba, ngaphandle kokuba nemfundo ekhethekile. Izibonelo zabo zingaphefumulelwa yilabo abahlushwa ukungabaza ngethalente labo.

Yini esetshenziselwa?

Iqiniso lokuthi ukubhala kwaphumelela, nquma imali ayilethayo. Ngokumangazayo, impumelelo yezentengiso yezingoma ze-alfabhethi incike hhayi ebuhleni kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemfungweni, kulandela izitayela ezintsha.

Izimiso eziyinhloko zokubhalwa okuhle kwezentengiso zingabizwa:

• ukwakheka kwe-laconic;
• ukubekwa phansi kwe-minimalism;
• Ukuthola ku-TREND.

Ukulandela izimiso ezimbili zokuqala, udinga isipiliyoni, umsebenzi waphakade. Futhi i-Factor yesithathu ifundelwa kuphela enqubweni yokutadisha ngokucophelela kwemisebenzi ethandwa kakhulu kanye nokuhlaziywa kwazo izingoma ezifunwa kakhulu emakethe.

Ukusebenza kuthengisiwe, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ngabe yimiphi imakethe isebenza kanjani, kufaka phakathi ukukhula kwezinhlamvu. Ngalesi sizathu, mhlawumbe inzuzo yesiqalo kuzoba khona kwezezimali, imfundo noma imfundo noma imfundo ekukhangiseni, hhayi amakhono obuciko. Ukwazi ukuthi kusebenza kanjani ukukhangisa, imakethe, kuthengiswa kanjani izinsizakalo, kulula kakhulu ukuheha amakhasimende futhi kuthengise umsebenzi wazo ngentengo ephakeme.

Ungayithengisa kanjani umsebenzi?

Ungahamba ngezindlela ezimbili:

• Ekhombisa umsebenzi emakhasini abo ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi noma kuwebhusayithi yakho;
• Zithengise nge-microtoki - amapulatifomu lapho wonke umuntu angabeka khona umsebenzi owadala.

Zombili izindlela zinezinzuzo zazo kanye namaminithi.

Uma kunqunywe ukuthi kuthengise umsebenzi ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yezenhlalo noma indawo, kuyadingeka ukubheka ukuthi kuzodingeka ukukhombisa umsebenzi osebenzayo ngokwengeziwe ngokunyuswa kwayo. Lokhu kudinga izidingo eziningi.

1. Nquma ukuthi ubani ozoba izithameli ezihlosiwe. Ukuthola, udinga ukunquma endaweni lapho kudingeka khona ukudala izingoma: Bhala ukubhala kuma-sweatshirts nama-T-shirts noma udale ama-logo wemikhiqizo.
2. Dala okuthiwa yi-UTP - okunikezwayo okuhlukile kokuhweba. Ku-UTP kufanele kube nokuthile okufanele kuhlukaniswe ngumlingisi kubadali abancintisana.
3. Dala isithombe. Lokhu kungabonakala kungabaluleki, kepha kufanelekile ukumenyezelwa, ukubamba iqhaza kumaMarathons, ezenzakalweni ngezihloko ezikhethiwe, amakilasi amakhulu, azoba nomthelela omuhle ekuvezweni komculi. Ungaqhuba inkambo yakho ye-inthanethi, uphetha isivumelwano ngokubambisana nabakwa-InstaBookers abadumile: Umuntu umele umkhiqizo (ngokwesibonelo, i-T-shirt enesiqubulo), ne-blogger iyakhuluma ngakho. Lokhu kuzoheha inani elikhulu lamakhasimende amasha.
4. Kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ekwandeni kwephothifoliyo. Kumakhasimende angaba khona, ithuba lokujwayelana nemisebenzi kufanele kube lula - azikho izixhumanisi ezithuthukile. Kuyadingeka ukubeka umsebenzi wakho kunoma iyiphi inethiwekhi yokuxhumana nomphakathi lapho ukhona. Qiniseka ukuthi wenza isigaba ngephothifoliyo kuwebhusayithi yakho, uphinde ugcwalise kabusha - Amakhasimende kumele abone ukuthi umuntu usebenza njalo.

Izinzuzo zale ndlela yokuzidida ukuzikhulula ukuthi azikho amalansili phakathi komdlali kanye namakhasimende - abantu bavumelana ngqo. Uma ulungiselela kahle ukukhangisa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, ukhetha kahle izithameli ezihlosiwe, ukukhula kokuthandwa kunikezwa.

Phakathi kokubi ongakubiza ngayo Isidingo sotshalomali lwezezimali ekuthuthukisweni kwamakhasi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kanye nendawo, kanye nesikhathi esithile senhlanhla - Iphrofayili kumele ihlotshiswe ngesitayela futhi iyathandeka, kusukela lapho kubukwa khona iklayenti elingaba khona. Ikhasi kumele livuselelwe njalo, akunakwenzeka ukuliphonsa, kuyadingeka ukulikwenza ngezikhathi ezithile, ngaphandle kwalokho ukumboza kuzokuwa, futhi umuntu ngeke abonakale ethepheni.

Ngokuqondene nama-microstocks, le yindlela enhle yokuthengisa imiphumela yobuciko bayo, ngoba bamboza lonke uhla lwezinhlamvu: namakhosi adumile, nabasanda kufika kwaleli cala.

Izicelo eziphakeme zokuthi umsebenzi kufanele ubukeke kanjani, ama-microtoks awafakiwe - ngalesi sizathu sokuthi ungathengisa umsebenzi wakho nabaqalayo.

Ukuze uqale, udinga ukulandela izincomo ezithile.

• Kufanele ubhalise ama-akhawunti kubadlali abathandwa kakhulu ku-inthanethi. Kuyadingeka ukuhlola imithetho ngesisekelo somsebenzi obekwe.
• Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukulayisha umsebenzi wakho futhi ulindele abathengi.

Inzuzo eyinhloko yale ndlela ukuthi umuntu akadingi ukuba njalo esizeni, atshale ekukhuthazeni ngokwakhe, njengophawu, ukuthenga ukukhangisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi ngamunye ungathengiswa kaninginingi ngamakhasimende ahlukile. Ukusuka lapha, kucace bha futhi kucace bha - umncintiswano uphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke iphothifoliyo kumele ivuselelwe njalo, ukutadisha izitayela futhi isebenze ngokuya ngayo. Kusazodingeka ucabange ngesitayela somlobi wakho.

Ngokufanelekile, ungathuthukisa ukuthengisa ngasikhathi sinye kuzo zombili izinkomba, khona-ke izinzuzo nezinzuzo zizolingana futhi zikuvumele uthole imali ezinzile ekuvumeleni.

Noma yini umuntu ayikhethayo, kufanele uqonde ukuthi umphumela we-inthamate uhle kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukutshala imali, imali, sebenza kwiphothifoliyo, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi umphumela wangempela uzovela.

Ukubukisisa

Izihlahla zokubhala okuningi. Sizokhuluma ngabo ngezansi.

• Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezandla. Ukudweba izinhlamvu ngezandla (ngomqondo wangempela wegama), ngokunembile, amapensela, amamaki. Awekho amagajethi asetshenzisiwe.
• I-brashletter. Ukudweba nge-brashi noma i-brashpen.
• Ukubhala okukhohlisayo. Kudonsela izincwadi nge-chalk ebhodini elimnyama.
• Ukubhala kwe-iPad. Ukudweba kwithebhulethi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe kanye ne-calligraphy yesimanje - kuyo izinhlamvu ezidonsela kwenzeka ngosizo lwepeni elikhonjisiwe. Lolu hlobo ludinga izinqolobane ezinkulu zokubekezela ezivela kubani abazibandakanya kulo, kanye nemvelo ezolile nenokulinganisela. AbakwaHorers bafisa ukubona umphumela womsebenzi wabo ngokushesha, i-calligraphy, ngethuba eliphakeme, lizonikezwa kanzima.

Ukukhetha uhlobo lwakho lokubhala, kufanele ubone izithombe ngohlobo ngalunye lwezinhlobo futhi uqonde ukuthi iyiphi esondele kakhulu kumuntu. Kuhle ukuzama ngamunye we-Technician - kuzokwenza kucace ukuthi kuthiwani ngamathuluzi umuntu okulula ukusebenza kuwo, futhi nakanjani.

Ukubhala kusetshenziswa kumikhiqizo, ukukhangisa, ukuphrinta, izinsizakalo zomshado, ukuklanywa kwemigoqo kanye nezindawo zokudlela, ukuklanywa kwezimpahla, umhlobiso wezingubo, iziqubulo zezingubo zokuphila.

Ukufaka uphawu kanye nokukhangisa kuyinto, okokuqala, ama-logo, aklanywe okwangempela, akekho ngendlela efanayo. Le yimakethe enkulu kakhulu, ngoba, ngaphezu kwezinkampani ezisanda kuvela, abadlali abasha bebhizinisi ekubuyiseleni kabusha kanye nokufaka uphawu kudingeka.

Ukufakwa kwezimpahla okukhanyayo nokungajwayelekile - enye ingxenye enkulu kakhulu "yesigaba" , Phela, izimpahla zikhiqizwa, futhi ngamunye wabo udinga umhlobiso ofanele odonsela ukunaka phakathi kwama-analogues.

Ukuloba kabusha komshado kunezimpawu zalo, ngoba ngokuyisisekelo kuwukuklanywa kwezimemo, yize ama-Photowoni nohlelo lokuhlelwa kuhlanganisa lapha. Ngokubhalwa komshado, ukubulawa kungenzeka hhayi ephepheni kuphela - kungaba yizibuko, ingilazi, izinkuni noma ibhodi le-stylist.

Emigoqweni nasezitolo zokudlela ezinamagama abhalwe kahle, izindonga ne-bar zone zivame ukudonswa. Kusavame kakhulu ukuklama imenyu ebhalwe ku-chalk ebhodini elimnyama.

Ngokuqondene nengaphakathi, Ukubhala kuthandwa bobabili ekwakhiweni kwamafulethi kanye namahhovisi. Imvamisa kakhulu izinhlamvu ezimnyama zisetshenziswa odongeni olumhlophe, kepha zingafakwa imibala ehlukahlukene.

Lapho nje umuntu ethatha isinqumo sokuthi, wafuna ukuthuthukisa ini ekubhaleni, ngokushesha uqonda izithameli zakhe ezihlosiwe, nalapho afuna khona amakhasimende angaba khona.

Amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha

Ukukhetha amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha, kuyadingeka ukucabanga ngalokho okudingekayo ukubhala. Uma umuntu efuna nje ukudonsela amafonti ngokwakhe, abe-ke ngokushesha athenge amathuluzi abizayo abaculi abangochwepheshe abe yize. Uma ehlela ukuhola, okungukuthi, kunengqondo ukumthola.

Kodwa-ke, labo okungenani bake basebenza njengezinsimbi eziqeqeshiwe, baphawula ukuthi bakhululekile kangakanani. Umphumela ungcono.

Lokho okusha okudingeka kusebenze kuyo kuchazwe ngezansi.

• Ipensela elula ethambile ephezulu, ngokwesibonelo, 2b. Uma umuntu ejwayele ukubeka ipensela ngamandla, khona-ke kufanele uthathe i-HB.
• I-eraser ethambile Okudinga ukukhethwa ukuze kube yimigqa yepensela ephakeme kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuwagada.
• I-albhamu noma iphepha lokudweba - Nambitha.
• Izimungulu, amapensela anemibala noma iqoqo lamapeni. Badinga ukubonwa yizinhlamvu ze-contour noma imibala.

Uma umuntu ebeka umgomo wokusebenzisa imali ye-blog, kungcono ukuthola isethi yobungcweti. Kubandakanya izikhundla ezichazwe ngezansi.

• Amapensela athambile.

• Ithambile futhi ingashiyi izinduku ze-eraser-klyachka.

• Iqoqo lama-liners emijikelezo yesifunda. Zikhethwa ngokuya ngezintandokazi. Ungadweba imigqa emikhulu noma emincane.

• UBrashpen. Leli thuluzi linamathiphu amabili: ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona umaki, kanti ngakolunye - ibhulashi. Owokuqala ulungele ukungqubuzana noma ukupenda izinhlamvu, kanti okwesibili kungukudonsela ibhulashi.

• UBrashppen kuphela ngebhulashi elilodwa, ngaphandle komaka. Kunzima kakhulu ukuwazi kahle, akufanelekeli abaqalayo. Kodwa-ke, kulusizo lwayo lokuthi amafonti athambekele kakhulu adalwe ngemigqa ehlukahlukene.

• Iphepha elijwayelekile lokuphrinta kwehhovisi, kepha hhayi mncane.

Ukuqala, kwanele, nangokuhlangenwe nakho, umuntu uqobo uzokuqonda ukuthi yimaphi amathuluzi awadingayo ngaphezu kokukhona, futhi abuthe ikhithi okufanele yona.

Ungafunda Kanjani?

Umehluko wokubhalwa okuvela ku-calligraphy ukuthi ekuqaleni ukwakheka kwezinhlamvu kudaliwe, kwasungulwa futhi kudwebe, kanti okwesibili - kubhalwe ngokucophelela. Ukwakha ukwakheka kwefonti, udinga ukuza hhayi kuphela izinhlamvu, kodwa futhi nezinombolo, nezinye izimpawu. Ukubhala kungukudla okukhethekile futhi kudla isikhathi.

Kunconywa ababhalisile abanolwazi ukutadisha umbono hhayi ngaphambi kokuqala kokuzijwayeza, kodwa kuyo: udinga ukutadisha umqondo othile noma ukwamukelwa, ngemuva kwalokho kuhlanganiswa ngokushesha isithombe.

Isisekelo se-theory sokuzitadisha sibukeka njengoba kuchaziwe ngezansi.

• Umlando wokuthuthuka kokubhala, izisekelo ze-calligraphy, umlando wamafonti. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwalesi sigaba, iVilla Totus, uLeonid Prienko, uVladimir Favorsky, u-Alberta Capra uyafundwa. Njengokufundwa okwengeziwe - sebenza ku-paleography.

• Ukutadisha ukwakheka kwezinhlamvu. Ngalesi sihloko, umsebenzi we-Alexandra Korolkova, uJuri Gordon uzobe efanelekile.

• Ukutadisha Amafomu Nokuthayipha - UJohannes wase-Yen, u-Emil Ruder.

• Okuyisisekelo kokwakheka - Umsebenzi kaGalina LogVinenko "Ukwakheka okuhlobisa".

Iningi lalikholelwa ngephutha ukuthi uma kungekho amahora angama-3-4 ngosuku ezifundweni, akukufanele futhi kuqale. Amakilasi ajwayelekile ngisho nangesigamu sehora nsuku zonke nakanjani nakanjani azozuza. Kepha isifundo kanye ngesonto ngeke kube ngempumelelo, noma kuhlala amahora ambalwa.

Okokuqala kokuzilolonga, i-propsi izothuthuka - ilungele izandla "zokupakisha". Kepha lezi akuzona ezesaphulelo zamamaki okuqala abonile konke esikoleni, futhi ekhethekile ngokuvumela - ziningi kakhulu kwi-Intanethi. Ezindleleni zokubhalela nezinhlobo zokubhala izincwadi ezivame ukwehluka ku-classic, ngamunye wabo kufanele ahehe. Kuyadingeka ukulungiselela iqiniso lokuthi umuntu ugcizelela amabhuku amaningi ngaphambi kokuthola okuthile okuhle.

Isifundo esizimele asisibi, kepha ukuthola impendulo, ukushintshaniswa kokuhlangenwe nakho futhi, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomsebenzi kungcono ukubhalisela izifundo. Uma kungekho kubo edolobheni noma asikho isikhathi sokubavakashela, khona-ke ungabhalisela izifundo zokufunda online. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe uthisha we-Practiser unesipiliyoni esiqinile sokuthengisa imisebenzi yabo kanye nedumela elihle kakhulu phakathi kwababhali.

Ngaphezu kokufunda ubuciko obuqondile bokubhala, kunengqondo ukulalela noma ukubona izinkulumo, izingqungquthela, ama-webinars ekwakhekeni, umbala, ifomu, ukuthambekela nokukhangisa.

Ukuthuthukisa isitayela sakho esiyingqayizivele kuyindaba yesikhathi nokwenza. Lapho umuntu enziwa umuntu ngokwengeziwe, kuthakazelisa ngokwengeziwe futhi umsebenzi uba ngcono.

Ungayifunda Kanjani ukudweba ukubhala, bheka Okulandelayo.