Izinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza zisho ukunyakaza kwezinto eziwuketshezi ezithunyelwe ngamapayipi ethangini usebenzisa ukufakwa kwepompo. Ukuze imishini yokupompa ingaphazanyiswa, isisebenzi esiqeqeshiwe siyadingeka, esizobheka le nqubo futhi, uma kunesidingo, sikwazi ukuvimba isimo esiphuthumayo ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ubuhlakani
Ukufakwa Komshini Ukuphonsa Unguchwepheshe oxhumana naye ohlobene nokusebenza kwezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene. Enqubweni yomsebenzi wayo, kudinga ukubheka idatha yokulawula kanye nokulinganisa izinzwa nezinsimbi zokugcina ekusebenzeni kwemishini yokupompa. Iningi lezindawo zezimboni zifakwe ukufakwa okuzenzakalelayo kokupompa, ngokulungiswa kwazo ngomshini Sungula ulwazi namakhono nezinhlelo ezinjalo. Ngesikhathi sesimo esiphuthumayo, umshayeli kufanele athathe izinyathelo ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, okuzoyeka ukuhambisa izinto eziwuketshezi. Noma ngabe imodi yabo yokunyakaza inguquko.
Ukufeza imisebenzi yabo yokusebenza, umshayeli wokufakwa kokumpompa Kumele aqonde izici zokuklama zokufakwa kokupompa Ukuze ukwazi ukubona ukungasebenzi kahle futhi, njengengxenye yekhono labo, bawaqede, futhi uma kungenzeki, imisebenzi ye-Specialist ifaka okuphuthumayo kubaphathi abaphezulu ngokuba khona kwesimo esiphuthumayo. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nomsebenzi, umshini uyadingeka Ukufundisa ngokwemithetho yokusebenza ekufakweni kokupompa nokuphepha . Njalo ngonyaka imiyalo yenziwa futhi. Uma, lapho ubheka ulwazi, uchwepheshe ngeke ahlangabezane nezidingo ezisunguliwe, zizosuswa emsebenzini. Ngokwayo ingasebenza kuphela ngemuva kokukhulisa izinga lobunikazi bayo.
Ngaphandle kwesithangami, ukubekezelelana kusho futhi Ukuhlolwa Kwezokwelapha - Lesi sisebenzi siphumelela ukuhlolwa kwezokwelashwa ngaphambi kokwamukela umsebenzi nokuqhubeka njalo, ngonyaka, ohlelweni olufakwe umqashi.
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngenxa yokwenziwa kwezokwelashwa ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi ngokukhethekile "Ukushayela kokufakwa kokumpompa", njengoba umsebenzi wezosebenzi walesi sisebenzi uhlotshaniswa nokudlidliza, umsindo oqinile kanye nomthwalo osindayo kumalunga.
Imithwalo yemfanelo
Ensimini yaseRussia kunencwadi eyodwa inkomba, lapho kuboniswa khona amanani entela, kanye namazinga wobungcweti babasebenzi (ama-ETKK), ngokusho kokuthi yiluphi olukhethekile lomshayeli wokufaka Ama-degree of iziqu zawo kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-6 . Ngokwesisekelo se-ETKK, esivuselelwa njalo ngonyaka, wonke amabhizinisi nezinhlangano, lapho kunabasebenzi kubasebenzi, ukubuyekeza kanye nezincazelo zomsebenzi, ukuzihola ngokuya ngemithetho yamanje.
Ukusebenza kweziteshi zokumpompela kwehlukile, nokuthi kuphakeme kanjani, kwenziwa izidingo ezingathi sína ngokwengeziwe ezifanekisweni zochwepheshe abazikhonzayo. Iholo lesisebenzi lincike ezingeni lesigaba. Iziqu eziphansi kakhulu zokukhipha ezi-2. Uchwepheshe onjalo uvunyelwe ukusebenza ekufakweni, okuphakelayo okuphelele okungadluli ku-1000 cu. / m3 ngehora, kepha uma sikhuluma ngegesi noma ngemikhiqizo kawoyela, khona-ke izinga lokuphakelayo livunyelwe kumamitha ayi-100 cubic. / m3.
Ukufakwa ukusebenza okuphezulu kusuka ku-1000 kuya ku-3000 cubic metres. / m3 khonza amamishini Izigaba ezi-3 . Ukusebenza nevolumu yokuphakela kusuka kumamitha ayi-3000 kuya ku-10,000 cubic metres. / m3 izodinga iziqu Izigaba ezi-4 Kanye nokondla kusuka ku-10,000 kuye ku-15,000 cu. / m3 umshayeli kufanele abe Isigaba esingu-5. Iziqu Izigaba ezi-6 Ivumela umsebenzi ekufakweni nokuphakelwa kwamamitha ayi-15,000 cubic. / m3 ngehora.
Sekukonke, iChinachch Micchist yePumpering kumele yenze imisebenzi elandelayo:
- Ukuqaliswa kwezindawo zezimboni, Ukufakwa kwamanzi, izindawo zokwakha, kanye nasezimeni zensimu ukuze kugcinwe imishini yokupompa ngokuqedwa kokuhluleka kanye nokubi;
- Lawula umsebenzi wokufakwa kwe-vacuum mpompoum, kanye nokulungiswa kwabo;
- Ukuqaliswa kokuqalisa kanye nokumisa uhlelo;
- ukulawula ukugcina amapharamitha wokucindezela anikezwe ohlelweni lokupompa;
- Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kohlelo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kobude bengxenye yesondlo yepayipi;
- Ukulungisa nokulungiswa kokufakwa kukagesi, ukulawula umthwalo wemishini kagesi;
- Ukubalwa kwezimali kanye nokwakhiwa kokubika ekusebenzeni kwePupping Unit;
- Ukubamba iqhaza ku-Emple futhi ukuguquguquka kokufakwa.
Okokubulawa okuzimele kwemisebenzi, uchwepheshe kumele abe nesipiliyoni esithile esisebenzayo.
Ulwazi namakhono
Kusuka kuchwepheshe osetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngemishini yokuphapha akudingi nje amakhono asebenzayo, kodwa futhi nolwazi lwethiyori. Umshayeli Kumele wazi izakhiwo zamakhemikhali e-physico-zomkhiqizo okuthengwa ngohlelo, kanye nolwazi emkhakheni womsebenzi kagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzela uhlelo oludingayo ukuze uqonde amafutha asetshenzisiwe womshini, yazi umgomo wokusebenza kwephampu, injini, insiza yemishini yokulinganisa.Njengoba imisebenzi yomshayeli ingena Ukulungisa nokuthunyelwa kwemishini Kumele abe namakhono okusebenza namaphampu emiklamo ehlukene, azi lolu hlelo lokuxhumana, umkhawulo womkhawulo ongamelana nemishini futhi ukwazi ukuqeda ngokushesha ukwehlukana okuphuthumayo kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukusebenza komshayeli esiteshini sokupompa kudinga Ukuhambisana nokuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nezindlela zokuvikela umlilo . Ukwazi futhi ukwazi ukwenza izindlela eziphuthumayo uma kwenzeka kuba nezimo eziyingozi uma ngamunye umsebenzi wokufakwa. Uchwepheshe onekhono futhi onolwazi kufanele abe nesigcini esithile somlingiswa: ukunaka imininingwane, ukunemba, izinga eliphakeme lokuzibophezela kanye nesiyalo.
Isibopho
Isisebenzi sokufakwa kokumpompa emsebenzini wakhe kufanele siqondiswe yincwadi yendawo ebizwa ngokuthi "Incazelo yomsebenzi" lapho imisebenzi yakhe yakhiwe kahle khona. Uma le misebenzi ingenziwanga noma umsebenzi yenziwa ngokungafanele, kanye nokwephulwa kwesiyalo sabasebenzi, ukuvikelwa kwabezindawo kanye nezidingo zokuphepha komlilo, isisebenzi sibhekele mathupha ngokuya ngemithetho yamanje yokusebenza komthetho. Lapho usebenzisa ukulimala kwezinto ezibonakalayo noma ebangela ukulimala kwedumela lebhizinisi lenhlangano afeze umsebenzi walo, Umshini wokupompa angajeziswa ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezinkambiso zabasebenzi, ezokuphatha, zomphakathi noma zobugebengu.
Imfundo
Ukusebenza nomshayeli okhethekile wokufakwa kokupompa, kuyadingeka ukuba ube nemfundo yesibili yobuchwepheshe yobuchwepheshe. Ungayithola ngezindlela ezi-2.
- Ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu ezivela kumakilasi ayi-9 noma ayi-11 Bhalisa ekolishi noma uchwepheshe nge-technical bias, lapho baqeqeshelwe khona okukhethekile. Isikhathi sokutadisha sizoba neminyaka emi-2 ngemuva kokuphothula amamaki neminyaka engu-4 ngemuva kokuqeda amamaki okufunda ayisikolo.
- Nokuthi Imfundo eyisisekelo yezobuchwepheshe yezemfundo yobuchwepheshe , Ungathola ubuchwepheshe obungeziwe ezifundweni ezikhethekile ezikhungweni ezigunyazwe ukufundisa. Isikhathi sokutadisha ezikhungweni ezinjalo zokuqeqesha ngokwesilinganiso unyaka ongu-1. Kungenzeka ukuthi le nkathi izoba ngaphansi - kuya ngesilinganiso sohlelo lwezifundo kanye namawashi okufunda anikezwe.
Ukuqeqeshwa kungalungiswa futhi ngochwepheshe ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga leziqu futhi kwandise ukuphuma. Okwemininingwane yokufakwa kokupompa enqubweni yomsebenzi wezabasebenzi, imfuneko yokwandisa iziqu zayo nge-periodiegity yesikhathi esingu-1 eminyakeni engu-5 yethulwa. Inqubo yokufunda ingaba yisikhathi esigcwele, ngaphakathi noma i-absentia, lapho kusetshenziswa izindlela ze-elekthronikhi zenqubo ekude kwezemfundo. Ngemuva kokuphothula inkambo yokuqeqeshwa, umlaleli ukhipha isitifiketi sokuthola umsebenzi womshayeli wezinhlelo zokupompa nokufakwa ngokukhululwa okufanele.
Lo mbhalo ngesisekelo somthetho weRussia Federation kwiMfundo No. 273 DECEMBER 29, 2012 (Isigaba 30, isigaba 11) unikeza ilungelo lokusebenzisa imisebenzi yobungcweti.
Kusebenza kuphi?
Uchwepheshe osebenzela amaphampu wezobuchwepheshe kanye nabacindezeli, kanye neziteshi zokupompa, kungafunwa ezindaweni ezilandelayo zezomnotho nezimboni:
- Ezolimo;
- Umkhakha wegesi nowoyela;
- Ukudla kwamanzi kwezimboni;
- Izindawo zokwakha;
- Ukusebenza kanye nokugcinwa kokufakwa kokufudumeza kwamanzi, ama-boilers, amapayipi, amasistimu wokushisa, manifold amuncu, deaearator;
- ukucubungula namabhizinisi amancane amalahle;
- Imikhiqizo yokukhiqiza yokukhiqiza uketshezi oluqediwe.
Umholo Olungcweti kuya Kusuka esikalini sokukhiqizwa, amakhono ochwepheshe kanye nevolumu yokukhiqiza kweyunithi yokupompa. Iziteshi ezivame ukupompa zitholakala ezindaweni ezilimazayo zesimo sezulu, ngokwesibonelo, enyakatho eyedlulele. Kulokhu, umsebenzi uthola iholo nezinzuzo ezithile.
Amanani amancane okuthola imali aqala kusuka kuma-ruble angama-30 kuye kwangama-35,000. Ochwepheshe besilinganiso besiqu bathola ama-ruble angama-40 kuye kwangama-60,000. Ukuthola imali okuphezulu kochwepheshe abanolwazi kungafinyelela kuma-ruble angama-60 kuye kwangama-100,000.
