Umjikelezo ngamunye wokukhiqiza uqukethe inqwaba yezinqubo ezihlobene nezobuchwepheshe ezihlukaniswe zibe eziyisisekelo, kanye nokunikeza nokuthuthuka. Isikhundla esibalulekile kuleli chain unjiniyela wezobuchwepheshe, okuyisixhumanisi esikhulu esibhekele ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwenziwa komkhiqizo omusha. Lo ngcweti udlala indima enkulu kunoma iyiphi inkampani. Ngakho-ke, umuntu onolwazi oludingekayo namakhono angeke ashiywe ngaphandle komsebenzi kanye nezinga elifanele lokukhokha.
Ake sihlale ngaphezulu encazelweni yonjiniyela wePost kanye nezidingo zabafakizicelo ngalesi sikhundla.
Ubuhlakani
Kuhunyushwe kusuka ku-Latin "Unjiniyela" kusho "umtholi" - okungukuthi, umuntu obhekele ukwethulwa kwezinketho zokuthuthukisa eyodwa noma enye inxenye yempilo. Ngamanye amagama, lo muntu owenza ukusungulwa. Unjiniyela we-Engineer - unjiniyela obhekele inhlangano ephumelelayo yenqubo yezobuchwepheshe nezokukhiqiza. Njengengxenye yalokhu okukhethekile, izinkomba ezi-3 eziphambili zihlukaniswa:
- imisebenzi yokusungula neyesayensi neyasebenzayo;
- umsebenzi wokuqamba;
- Ukwethulwa kwenqubekela phambili yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizweni.
Umgomo oyinhloko, obekwe phambi kwesisebenzi esikhundleni sodokotela kanye nomqambi, uncishiswe ekusetshenzisweni kokukhethwa okunekhono kwezindlela zokukhiqiza ezinengqondo.
Njengeminye umsebenzi, umsebenzi wezenkolo unezinto ezinhle nezinhle. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe bezobunjiniyela banezimpawu ezinhle ezinjalo:
- ukufunwa komsebenzi;
- Amathuba okukhetha iziphakamiso emakethe yezabasebenzi;
- Izinga eliphakeme eliphakeme phambi kwamakhono afanele;
- amathuba okukhula kwamakhono;
- Ukuncintisana okubuthakathaka.
Ngasikhathi sinye, futhi izinhlangothi zabo ezingezinhle zitholakala kubo:
- ukuncipha okwengeziwe;
- ingozi enkulu yokulimala ngesikhathi semisebenzi yobungcweti;
- Ukuxhumana nezinto zokukhiqiza eziyingozi.
Isimo se-technologist sithatha ubukhona bolwazi oluyisisekelo kuzo zonke izindawo nezinkomba zenqubo yokukhiqiza, kanye nezindlela ezihlobene.
Lo muntu kufanele azibandakanye ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo, kufanele ahlukaniswe ngesinyathelo, isikhundla sokuphila esisebenzayo kanye nesifiso sokuthuthukisa amakhono aso, ulwazi kanye namakhono.
Imithwalo yemfanelo
Ngokuya nge-Profesaists echazwe kwi-EctC, Ukufundiswa okusemthethweni komsebenzi osesimweni sonjiniyela-technology kufaka phakathi imisebenzi elandelayo.
- Ukudweba nokusebenzisa iqoqo lezinyathelo okuhloswe ngazo Ukukhulisa ukuncintisana kwezimpahla ezenziwa , ukuncishiswa kwezindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo nezindleko zabasebenzi kuzo zonke izigaba zomjikelezo wokukhiqiza.
- Ukudalwa kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinqubo ezisebenza kahle kwezobuchwepheshe , imishini yanamuhla, izindlela nezixazululo ngokuya nge-automation kanye nokusebenza komshini.
- Ukufaneliseka Izindlela zokusebenza zemijikelezo yokukhiqiza.
- Ukuqalwa kwazo zonke izinqubo ekukhiqizeni.
- Ukubalwa kokusebenza kahle kwezomnotho Umjikelezo Wokukhiqiza.
- Ukuchitha Ukuhlela Izinto ezidingekayo, amafutha, kanye namathuluzi.
- Ukudweba amasu wokuhlala emavikini emihlanganweni yezimboni, Ukuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi, Ukuqapha Umthwalo Wemishini Nokuhlela Ukusetshenziswa Kwemisebenzi Yokukhiqiza.
- Ukunqunywa kokulandelana kwesondlo , Ukuthuthukiswa komzila ofanele womkhiqizo.
- Ukwakheka komklamo wezobuchwepheshe Ukuhlwitha, ukulungiswa, kanye nethuluzi.
- Ukuqaliswa kwamazinga Yakha izakhiwo ezisetshenzisiwe ubuchwepheshe, amakhadi womzila, kanye neminye imibhalo, indlela eyodwa noma enye ehlobene nokukhishwa kwezimpahla.
- Ukwenza ushintsho emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe yokukhiqiza uma kunesidingo.
- Ukubamba iqhaza ocwaningweni nasekuboneni Ama-exquisites.
- Ukudidiyelwa kwemibhalo ngezigaba eziseduze kwenkampani.
- Vocavoca Izifundo zokuhlola Ngokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile.
- Ukwenza imisebenzi ngo Ukubhaliswa kwezicelo zamalungelo obunikazi kanye nama-prototypes.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwemicimbi okuhloswe ngalo Ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo, Ukwethulwa kwesipiliyoni esithuthukile sasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ekukhiqizeni.
- Ukwakheka kwenkimbinkimbi yomsebenzi okuhloswe ngayo ekuthuthukisweni okusebenzayo futhi okusebenzayo kwamandla okukhiqiza akhona kanye nokwenza ngcono ubuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe.
- Ukubamba iqhaza okusebenzayo B. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zokuphatha Imishini yokukhiqiza.
- Funda Izimbangela eziphambili zokuvela komshado nekhwalithi engemihle yomkhiqizo ekhiqizwayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwezinyathelo zokuqhubeka nokuqeda nokuvimba.
- Phatha Amandla okufeza izidingo zokukhiqizwa kanye nesiyalo sezabasebenzi kanye nokunemba kokusetshenziswa kwemishini.
- Ukucatshangelwa kweziphakamiso zokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo Ukuze uthuthukise ubuchwepheshe obukhona bokukhiqiza, benze ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe ekwenzeni amandla noma ukungafaneleki kokusetshenziswa kwabo.
Ulwazi namakhono
Onjiniyela abanekhono kufanele baziwe ngokuphelele:
- Izici zobuchwepheshe bokwenziwa umkhiqizo ophambili webhizinisi lokukhiqiza;
- Ukwakheka okuqondile kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswayo kanye nomkhiqizo ophelile, izici zezinhlelo zemikhiqizo;
- Izindlela eziphambili nezinketho zokuqamba izinqubo ezikhona zobuchwepheshe nezobuchwepheshe;
- Imithetho, izinqumo, ama-oda, kanye neminye imibhalo yokulawula neyindlela yokukhiqiza maqondana nezinqubo zokukhiqiza;
- ukwakhiwa nokwakheka kwemishini, izidingo zokulungiswa kwayo, izindlela eziyisisekelo zemisebenzi yazo nezindlela ezivumelekile zokusebenza;
- umsebenzi ojwayelekile wezobuchwepheshe kanye nezobuchwepheshe;
- amazinga ayisisekelo wekhwalithi yezinto zokwakha ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nezimpahla ezenziwe;
- ama-gosts asungulwe, amazinga nezinkambiso;
- Izinkomba zezomnotho zobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza;
- Izinkomba zomshado ezivumelekile, izindlela zokuxwayisa kanye nezindlela zokususa;
- Izimiso zenhlangano yabasebenzi ekukhiqizeni;
- izindlela eziyisisekelo zokusebenza kokuxhumana nezici zokusebenzisa kwayo emkhakheni wokukhiqiza;
- Izidingo ezivunyelwe zokwakhiwa kwamadokhumenti wezobuchwepheshe kanye nokubika;
- Ama-postuta angaphambili emnothweni kanye ne-ergonomics;
- Ulwazi lwe-TK RF;
- Izinkambiso ezikhona ze-TB kanye ne-Industrial Indle, kanye nemithetho yokuvikela umlilo kanye nemithetho emkhakheni wokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi;
- Imithetho yokuxhumana kwebhizinisi nabangaphansi, osebenza nabo kanye nabalingani;
- Ulwazi ngezinhlelo zekhompyutha.
I-Engineer-Technologist iyisisebenzi esifaneleka kakhulu, kufanele kube kuhle ukuqonda ubunzima bomjikelezo wokukhiqiza.
Yilolu khethekile obhekene nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo, ukuqhubeka kwezinqubo zezobuchwepheshe kanye nesivinini sazo.
Kungakho, ngaphandle kolwazi olujulile lobuchwepheshe, Lesi sisebenzi kufanele sibe namakhono amahle okuphatha. Njengoba ivela enhlanganweni yomsebenzi ophumelelayo wawo wonke umsebenzi wokuhlabelela ohlanganyelwe kakhulu kuncike ekusebenzeni kwawo wonke umkhiqizo ngokubanzi.
Isikhundla se-Engineer-Technologist sihlanganisa hhayi isethi nje yamakhono namakhono akhethekile, kepha futhi nohlu oluthile lwezimfanelo zomuntu. Ngokulethwa kwalomsebenzi kunezisebenzi okungenani eziyishumi nambili, ngakho-ke amandla akhe okwakha ukuxhumana nokulahla kahle izinsiza zabasebenzi ngezindlela eziningi kuncike ekukhiqizweni konke.
Izimfanelo ezibalulekile zomuntu siqu zalowo ozongenela ukhetho lweposi le-Einger Technologist.
- amakhono wenhlangano;
- izinga eliphakeme lokuzikhuza;
- ukunaka imininingwane;
- Ukuqondisa lapho usebenza ngezinhlelo nemidwebo;
- okungcono;
- inhlangano-inkazimulo;
- ukukhuthazela, ukukhuthazela nokuzinikela;
- Ukucabanga okuhlaziya nokungaqondakali;
- Ijubane eliphakeme elinamandla;
- isifiso sokuthuthuka okungapheli kwamakhono abo nolwazi;
- amandla okubamba ngekhanda uhlu olukhulu lwedatha;
- ukulinganisela nokuvinjwa;
- Imali;
- ukusebenza kanzima;
- ukugcina isikhathi.
Ngokuvamile, lolu hlu lungahluka, ikakhulukazi kuncike embonini yenkampani lapho isayensi yezobuchwepheshe izosebenza khona. Njengomthetho, umphathi ngamunye wethula izidingo zawo zezimfanelo zomuntu siqu zesisebenzi.
Imfundo
Ngaphansi komqondo ojwayelekile, isazi sezobuchwepheshe sifihlwe inani elithile ngokukhethekile, lincike kokungafani kokukhiqizwa kanye nokwenziwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwenkampani. Naphezu kwezinhlobo ezikhona zalo msebenzi, kunoma yikuphi, ukuze uthathe isikhundla sobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, imfundo ephezulu kakhulu noma yezemfundo yesibili kuphrofayela yezobuchwepheshe kufanele itholakale. Imfundo ephakathi nendawo ekhethekile ivame ukutholakala ekugcineni kwamamaki ama-9 esikoleni, ifundwe esikoleni / esikoleni seminyaka engu-3-4. Ukuze baphenduke abanikazi be- "tower", amakilasi ezikole ayi-11 kufanele aqedwe, bese kuthi iminyaka emi-4 ifundelwe iziqu futhi eminye iminyaka emi-2 kuMalistracy.
Isikolo esidlulayo ezindaweni ezibekiwe zingahluka ngokuya ngesifunda sokuthola isikhungo semfundo, kanye nezinga laso. Ukuqeqeshwa kungahle kube mahhala noma kwenziwe ngentengiso, izindleko eRussia zingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20-110. ngonyaka. Ngokwamukelwa udinga ukudlulisa izinto ezinjalo njengoba I-Mathematics, i-physics kanye ne-informatics.
Okuncamelayo kunikezwa abathweswe iziqu zezinhlelo zokufunda zosuku, imfundo engekho emthethweni ivunyelwe kuphela uma kunesipiliyoni esihle ku-Experty ekhethiwe.
Ezweni lethu kunamanyuvesi acishe abe ngu-110 kanye nama-vishi wezemfundo angaphezu kuka-200 avumela iziqu zesikhungo semfundo ukuthi zifake izicelo zesikhundla sochwepheshe-technology.
Umholo ophakathi nendawo
Izinga le-Salory ye-Engineer-Technologist lincike kakhulu ebhizinisini elithile, elisebenza ngalo, kanye nesifunda. Uma sithatha izinkomba ezijwayelekile ngesisekelo sedatha ethunyelwe ukushintshaniswa kwabasebenzi, ngokwesilinganiso, yiRussia Federation, Ukukhokhwa kwe-Engineer-Technologist yile:
- Umholo omncane - ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-25;
- Isilinganiso sokukhokha kwabasebenzi - ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50;
- Izinga elikhulu kakhulu lokukhokha lifinyelela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-450-550.
Le nkomba iyisilinganiso, ingahluka ngokuya ngesimo sesikhundla.
Ngakho-ke, izinkomba zamaholo aphakathi kwezikhundla:
- Isazi esikhulu sobuchwepheshe - Inani lama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-66-70;
- I-Holy Unjinifeli noma inhloko yomnyango wezobuchwepheshe nezobuchwepheshe ithola cishe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-55-60;
- Unjiniyela we-Oblast Uhola ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-40.
Uma sikhuluma ngomholo ophakathi kwezifunda zeRussia Federation, isithombe esinomholo ophakathi nendawo sizobukeka kanjena:
- IMoscow - ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-75;
- I-Vladivostok - ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-60;
- Ekaterinburg - ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-48-50;
- Rostov-on-don - ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-40;
- Kazan - ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-40.
Ungasebenza kuphi?
Uhlu lwezindawo zokukhiqiza ezidinga ukuba khona okuphoqelekile ku-State Enjiniyela-Technology kuyinto emangazayo. Ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe obukhethiwe esigabeni sokulungiselela, umsebenzi onesethi edingekayo yamakhono namakhono angabandakanyeka kulezi zimboni ezilandelayo.
- Ukudla - I-Confectionery kanye nomkhakha we-Bakery, ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yobisi ne-lactic acid, amabhizinisi okucubungula inyama, uhlelo lokupheka.
- Ukukhanya - Fur, ukuthunga, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwendwangu.
- Okuthakiweyo - Imihlangano yokusebenzela yokwenziwa kwezidakamizwa, izimonyo, kanye nezinto zokwakha, ukhonkolo, njll.
- I-Mechan Engineering kanye nokwenza insimbi - Izitolo ze-electroplating, amapulazi we-locomotive, i-CNC, ukwenziwa kwemishini yokushiswa, kuhlanganisa amandla, uwoyela kanye negesi kanye nezitshalo kanye namafekthri kanye namafekthri ehlelweni lokugcinwa kwemishini yezobuchwepheshe.
- Metallurgy kanye nensimbi - Ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi nama-alloys, ukwelashwa kokushisa kwama-ore, amafektri e-coke-gesi, izinkampani zezimayini nezinqubo.
- Indawo yokucoca amafutha - Ukukhiqiza ukukhishwa nokucutshungulwa kwamafutha, ukwenziwa kwamafutha kanye nokuhlinzekwa, izixazululo zokumba, ukwenziwa kwemikhiqizo ye-petrochemical, amabhizinisi okuhlinzekwa kwemboni yezokudotshwa kwamafutha negesi.
- Ukwaziswa kwesimanje.
- Imboni yokuphrinta.
Inkambo
Umuntu onephrofayili yephrofayili yezemfundo yezobuchwepheshe uvame ukuqokwa esikhundleni se-Engineer-Technologist ngaphandle kokucacisa ulwazi oluthile lobunzima, noma umuntu onolwazi olukhethekile lwesibili, oluhlangenwe nakho olusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe okungenani iminyaka emi-3. Ngakho-ke, umuntu ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzi angakufanelekela ukukhula komsebenzi wohlelo oluzayo.
- Isigaba se-IIII Specialist - Isisebenzi esinemfundo ephakeme yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nesipiliyoni esincane esitholwe ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa, noma ukuba nesipiliyoni ezikhundleni zobunjiniyela ngaphandle kweziqu.
- Uchwepheshe Isigaba II - Isisebenzi esinemfundo ephakeme, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, okuhlangenwe nakho kwesikhundla se-Enecgener-Technologist III Isigaba noma izikhala zezobuchwepheshe zeqhwa esikhathini okungenani eminyakeni eyi-3.
- Isigaba esikhethekile i - Unjiniyela onemfundo ephakeme ephakeme, kanye nesipiliyoni sonjiniyela we-Engineer-Technological Engineer II yesigaba okungenani iminyaka emithathu.
