Akuwona wonke umuntu ongangena ezindaweni ezigcwele isimo sobuntu obungokomzwelo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nekhefu lokuxhumana okunjalo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kubuhlungu kumuntu ozwela kakhulu.
Yini?
Uzwela luyimpendulo yomuntu ngamunye ngemizwa kanye nesimo somphefumlo womunye umuntu . Lo muzwa uhlukile ngokunganaki. Incazelo elandelayo yaziwa nge-Psychology: Uzwela kusho amandla okuzwela omunye umuntu, ukubona izinga lenjabulo yakhe. Ngokungafani nozwela olulula, lo mqondo ubanzi kakhulu: Njengoba impahla yezengqondo yokuzwelana isho ukuthi zicabange ngesimo sangaphandle futhi sikhathazeke kuye, ukuzwa imizwa yakhe. Ngakho-ke, esisekelweni sayo, inqubo enozwela iqukethe uzwela, uzwela nosizo.
Ikhono lokuhambisa kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuzwela , Ukusebenzela imfuneko yokuxhumana okukhiqizayo kochwepheshe. Uzwela njengengxenye yobuholi obuhlanganisiwe kuyadingeka ngabasebenzi abaphetheyo abazizwa ngokungaphansi kwabo abangaphansi kwabo futhi bangazibandakanya ngokomzwelo ekuhambeni kwemisebenzi ukuze bafeze imisebenzi ehlukene yemisebenzi. Amandla okuzwela akwazi ukuxhumana kahle futhi aqhube izingxoxo eziphumelelayo.
I-EMPATAT ibizwa ngokuthi umuntu onomkhuba ngenxa yokuzalwa noma ngesikhathi sakha amakhono okuphendula okungokomzwelo.
Umuntu onozwela angangena esimweni soMnyango We-interlocutor, aqonde imizwa yakhe, aphendule imizwa yakhe futhi azizwele . Umuzwa wokuzwela ungasebenza lapho ufunda incwadi noma ubukela ifilimu, bese umfundi noma izilaleli noma izilaleli ziphonsa abalingiswa abaphambili, bephendulwa ngokomqondo ukuba babe sendaweni yabo.
Ama-neurophysiologists abhekisela kwizibuko ze-Neurons ezibonisa imizwa yomunye umuntu futhi zenze umnikazi wazo azizwe ngendlela efanayo. Uma umuntu edabukile, khona-ke abahlaziyi bokuhlola nokubukwayo babona futhi badlulisela lolu lwazi kumaseli ezinzwa. Kungama-neurons ama-morror asungula ama-monkey ukuphinda izenzo zezihlobo. Izingane ezivela ekuzalweni kokumamatheka kwezinga elingazi lutho ngokuphendula. Izingane zizwa kahle isimo esingokomzwelo salabo abaseduze kwabo, ukushukuma komzimba, amagama.
Uzwela lukhuthaza isifundo ukuze sihlaziye izenzo zabo . Ukucatshangelwa okuningiliziwe kwezenzo zayo kusiza ukuba baqonde kangcono abanye. Ukucabangisisa kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ushintsho esimeni sakho futhi luthinta amandla okuqonda ubuhlungu bengqondo labanye. Esikhathini sendawo yonke, abantu baseRussia abaweli kwabayishumi bokuqala.
Ngokusho kwabaphenyi baseMelika, abantu baseRussia banesimo sokuzola ngodlame kanye nezinye izinto ezishaqisayo.
Izinzuzo nobubi
Ukuba ngumuntu onozwela muhle futhi ngasikhathi sinye kubi. Izikhathi ezinhle phambi komoya amathuba okuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, isifiso sokubushelela izingxabano ezahlukahlukene, isifiso sokusiza umakhelwane . Umuntu onjalo uthola kalula ulimi olujwayelekile nabanye, akuvamile ukuba lukhohliswe.
Uhlangothi olubi Kungukuphelelwa amandla ngokomzwelo okusheshayo, ukukhathazeka okwengeziwe, amathuba okubangela ukuhlupheka kokuziphatha. Ukucwiliswa okusezinzweni zabanye abantu kuholela endabeni yomthwalo oqinile ongokomzwelo. Umuntu ononembeza uzama ukusiza wonke umuntu oswele. Kuthatha amandla amaningi, amandla nesikhathi esivela kuye, kepha akuhlali kuholela kumphumela oyifunayo. Imvamisa, ubuntu obunamandla obugxile ezinkingeni zabanye, ukhohlwe ngolwazi lomuntu siqu. Ukunganaki umuntu wayo kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi bona ngokwabo bahlala ngaphandle kosizo ngemizwa yangaphakathi engemihle.
Abantu abanjalo kunzima ukubona izehlakalo ezahlukahlukene zobuhlungu. Zilahlekile ngokwazo, zinxuse. Izindaba ezingemnandi zishiya uphawu olujulile emphefumulweni wazo. Akuzona zonke izinhliziyo ezingamelana nosizi lwendawo yonke. Ubudlelwano obunobungane nobuthandwayo buye baboniswa esimweni sabo semizwa. Ukuhlangenwe nakho njalo kwemizwa engemihle kuthinta kabi inhlala-kahle kanye nesimo sempilo. Ingozi yokutholwa kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo iyavela. Kwesinye isikhathi kunezinkinga lapho zixhumana nabanye.
Imvamisa ekwazi ukuzwelana nomunye umuntu ngeke aphendule kuye leyo nhloko. Wesaba ukulimaza umuntu wakhe ofundwayo.
Ukubuyekezwa kwezinhlobo
Psychology ezaziwa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zozwela . Uzwela luvezwa ekuqondeni okungabi nalobuntu bobunye ubuntu, isifiso sokunikeza ukwesekwa. Lapho uzwela lukhonjwa nomuntu ohlangabezana nemizwa ethile. Umuntu uzizwa umuzwa womlingani, edlula naye.Onengqondo noma ubuhlakani
Ukuqonda (ubuhlakani) uzwela - Lokhu kuqonda imicabango yomunye umuntu ngomqondo onengqondo. Kungumshayeli ophakeme kakhulu ongatholakali kuwo wonke umuntu. Le ndlela yokuzwela iye yemvelo kubantu, ihlukaniswe ngokuphelele ezindisweni zabantu, izinkomba zempilo, ukusabela ezisekelweni ezithile. Zicacile kunoma yisiphi isimo esingokomzwelo se-interlocutor.
Ukukhanga ama-analogies, ukuqhathanisa, ukuqhathanisa kuholela ekucabangeni okunengqondo kwesizinda esingokomzwelo sabanye.
-Nomuzwa
Lolu hlobo lubonakala ngombono wemizwa yabanye ezingeni elingokomzwelo. Umnyango onozwela ucwiliswe kalula esimweni sangaphakathi sozakwethu, ubamba okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe futhi uzizwele imizwa yawo. Noma yiliphi icebo elivela endaweni yale nhlekelele liholela emzaneni okuhlangenwe nakho isikhathi eside kwale nhlekelele, ububele kubantu abangaziwa.
Isimo esinjalo sivusa ngokweqile ngokomzwelo nokugqamile.
-Okuzibonela ngenhliziyo
Ifomu elibikezelayo (enembile) yikhono lokubona ukusabela kobuntu okungenzeka kwemicimbi ethile, okulindele izenzo zokuziphatha zomphikisi esimweni esithile. Isihloko siyakwazi ukubikezela imizwa kanye nemizwa yokusebenzisa kwakhe, ukuvikela ingxabano noma ingxabano. Kungaba nokuqonda izinhloso zeqiniso ezashukumisela umlingani enze indlela ethile. Umuntu onjalo akafuni ukwephula induduzo yezengqondo yomlingani.
Amazinga
Izinga eliphansi Kususelwa ekuboneni okungokoqobo kwama-mimicians abanye, okuthi isihloko siqhathaniswa nengqondo ehlangabezana nenkulumo yabantu ngaphambili. Abantu abanjalo abanawo umkhuba obunjiwe wokunaka isimo esingokomzwelo salabo abaseduze. Babheka izinkinga zabanye abantu kuphela ezikhundleni zemizwa yabo, futhi imizwa yabanye ayiboni. Umuntu onesilinganiso esifanayo sozwela ugwema inkampani, omakhelwane kanye nabaxhumana nabo, ngoba kunzima ngaye ukuba ahambisane nabo. Izinga eliphansi lokuzwela libonisa ngokwengeziwe amadoda kunabesifazane.
Izinga elijwayelekile Okuhambisana nomuntu ofuna ukuqonda isimo se-interlocutor. Ubuza umlingani, uthola imbangela yemizwa engemihle, ezama ukuzibeka endaweni yakhe, kodwa hhayi ukucabanga okuningi ngaphezu kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye abantu. Ubuntu obunjalo buzwela imizwa yabathandekayo babo, futhi izinkinga zabantu bakwamanye amazwe zivame ukunganakwa. Bangaduduza umuntu womunye umuntu futhi bamsize, kepha ngeke bangene ekujuleni kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe.
Lesi sigaba sozwela sibonisa kakhulu ukuphila emhlabeni. Kubhekwa njengesikhundla esijwayelekile.
Isilinganiso esiphakeme Kufakazelwa yikhono lokuzwa izikhali zabanye kalula, masinyane babone imizwa yomuntu omusha futhi bakha isithombe sakhe ekhanda lakhe. Ubuntu obunalolu zinga bungalalela i-interlocutor, bonisa yonke imininingwane, uzwelana naye, ngenkathi kungenjalo ukungaphatheki kahle. Ukubona okungokomzwelo kokuhlangenwe nakho komunye umuntu akubangeli ukuhlupheka komuntu. Abantu abanjalo bayasebenza, banobungane futhi bayahlanganyela. Bafuna ukuba yinto ezungezile ezungezile, jwayela kalula, babe nabangane abaningi.
Uzwela oluphakeme Kubangela ukungakhululeki komuntu, ngenxa yezinkinga zabanye abantu asondele kakhulu enhliziyweni. Abantu abanjalo bayingqayizivele ekufezeni ngokweqile, ubungozi nokungakwazi ukulawula imizwa yabo. Le ndaba ibhekana nobuhlungu babanye, iyeka ngokwakhe, ikhathazekile futhi iyahlupheka ngenxa yezinkinga zabanye abantu. Izinga eliphakeme lithinta kabi impilo yobuntu obunozwela, libi kakhulu amakhono okuxhumana futhi kwesinye isikhathi liholela ekuthuthukisweni kokugula kwengqondo.
Izimpawu zokutholakala
Ukuxilongwa kokuphendula kwengqondo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene. . Ngokuvamile kuhlongozwa ukuthi kube nemibuzo eminingana edinga izimpendulo ezithembekile. Jabulela edumile I-Express Methology I. M. Yusupova. Inikeza izinqumo ezingama-36 zohlobo "Anginandaba nokugxeka ekhelini lami" noma "uma ihhashi lidonsela kabi, kufanele lishaywe." Isihloko kumele sazise ohlelweni lwamaphoyinti amahlanu. Izinga lokuzwela kommangalelwa linqunywa ngenani lamaphoyinti atholakele.
Amandla okubheka uzwela oluthuthukiswe kahle ukuze ubheke isimo ngokusebenzisa amehlo obunye ubuntu, Zizwe umlingani osezingeni elifanele, ukuvumelana nombono womunye umuntu. Ezokuxhumana, abesilisa nabesifazane baphakamisa umuzwa wokuzethemba komunye nomunye. Bangakuqonda kalula umehluko wemizwa wengxenye yabo yesibili. Amandla okulalela, ukukhulisa impilo kakhonkolo kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba i-interlocutor inomuzwa wokuthi izinkinga zakhe azinandaba nomlingani. Umuntu wezengqondo uyohlala enikeza izeluleko eziwusizo ezidinga usizo lwendoda.
Ukulungela okuzayo kukhuthaza isifundo ukuthola amathuba angeziwe okuba wusizo inani elikhulu labantu. Lokhu kufakazelwa yizibonelo eziningi zokuthi noma ngasiphi isikhathi sosuku umuntu aphonsa ngalo ibhizinisi lawo futhi agijime ukusindisa abantu abasondelene nabangaziwa. Ngakho-ke, ebusuku, abangane bashesha ukutakula umlingani wamaphoyisa. Kunabantu abangakwazi ukudlulisa inja noma inja efa esidlekeni sesidleke.
Uzwela olusebenzayo lufakazela ikhono lokungena kulo lonke umphefumulo esimweni esithile, khombisa uzwela, inzalo nokubamba iqhaza kwangempela empilweni yothandekayo.
Imvamisa, ukucwiliswa ngokujulile kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye abantu kuvusa ukulahleka kokuphumula nokulala.
Izimbangela zokuntuleka kozwela
Abanye abantu banengxenye ethile noma abukho ikhono lokuzwela. Abantu abangathambekele ekuqondeni kwesimo sabanye abasindisi umhlaba wabo bangaphakathi. Abanye abantu bakhohlwa okwake bahlolwe imizwa yabo engemihle nenzima, ngakho-ke abakwazi ukuqonda labo okwamanje ababhekene nenkinga efanayo.
Isizathu singaba yi-Psychopathy, yezenhlalo, i-narcissism.
- Iziguli ezine-psychopathy aziveli uzwela nozwela kwabanye ngenxa yezinguquko ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo sobuchopho esibhekele imizwa nozwela.
- Ukwephulwa kwesakhiwo noma inombolo yama-neurons ze-Mirror kuyimbangela ye-autism. Lesi sifo sihlushwa abantu abangakwazi ukugcina nokuhumusha ulimi lokushukuma komzimba kanye namathelevishini. Kunzima ngabo ukuqonda ukuthi ungaxhumana kanjani nabanye.
- Ngenkinga ye-narcissistic, ubuntu bakholelwa ngobukhulu bawo, okuhlukile kwalo. UNarcissus usebenzisa abanye ukufeza izinhloso zabo ngokungabikho ngokuphelele kobubele kubo, uzwela.
Ungakuhlakulela Kanjani?
Uzwela lungathuthukiswa ngokubheka abanye abantu abahlangabezana nemizwa ehlukahlukene noma esimweni esinzima. Kusiza kahle indlela yamakhono asebenzayo.
- Khansela ngokwakho, ulalele imizwa yakho, i-Reflex. Njalo kusihlwa, hlaziya imizwa oye yabhekana nayo phakathi nemicimbi eyenzeke kuwe ngosuku.
- Lalelisisa ngokucophelela abahleli bakho. Zama ukuqonda nokuthatha inhliziyo yamagama akhulunywe abanye abantu.
- Zicabange njengomlingisi. Cabanga umuntu wakho emfanekisweni wamaqhawe ahlukene, engena imizwa yabo.
- Woza ngosizo lwendabuko, abangane, osebenza nabo. Uma umuntu ebuza izeluleko zakho, zama ukuyinika.
- Izilwane ezifuywayo zineqhaza ekuthuthukiseni ukuphendula. Ngohlobo lwe-kittens, imidlwane yedwa, izinkukhu, umuntu uyafa futhi ufuna ukuvikela izidalwa ezincane.
Izazi zezengqondo zincoma ukwenza imisebenzi ehloselwe amaqembu.
Umuntu owenza ukuzivocavoca kanye nabanye abantu kuvela ukuba nabo kumagagasi afanayo futhi bathola ikhono lokuzwela. Imisebenzi eminingi ihloselwe ukuqeda ukungakwazi ukukopisha izwi, inkulumo, ukuthinta, ukushukuma komzimba, ithelevishini.
Ngesikhathi sokuqaliswa kwe- "Monkey kanye nesibuko" ukuzivocavoca, izihloko zihlanganiswa ngababili. Umuntu oyedwa ukhombisa isibuko, kanti owesibili eba inkawu. UMartexe ngosizo lwezimo zobuso uveza imizwa ehlukahlukene. Umdlali osendimeni yesibuko unesibopho sokukopisha le mizwa. Lapho-ke ozakwethu bashintsha izindima.
Abahlanganyeli bomdlalo "Qagela umuzwa" Nikeza amakhadi ngegama lemizwelo. Umdlali kufanele aveze umuzwa ochaziwe emaqabunga akhe. Labo abakhona kumele baqagele imizwa.
Okulandelayo Umsebenzi "Ucingo" Kusho ukulingiswa kwengxoxo nomuntu ovela ezihlotsheni, othandekayo, osebenza naye, umphathi. Abadlali bathola ikhadi nge-interlocutor engacabangi elibhalwe kulo. Umuntu ngamunye uhola izingxoxo nomlingiswa wakhe. Okuzungezile kufanele babone ukuthi ukhuluma nobani.
Ungayilawula kanjani?
Ungayichithi ngokuphelele imizwa yabanye. Udinga ukuphatha imizwa yakho. Ukuze senze lokhu, kudingeka sazi ngezinhloso zakho, izisusa, amagugu, izinkolelo. Funda ukususa ezimweni ezibucayi isikhathi esithile. Musa ukuskrola njalo ekhanda lezehlakalo. Kuyadingeka ukuqonda okungokoqobo ezweni elicindezelayo.
Funda ukuba nozwela ngaphandle kokulimaza wena. Lungisa futhi uyisebenzise kahle. Ukuze ulungise isimo sakho, uhambisane neminye imithetho.
- Lapho ugcwala okuhlangenwe nakho kwesinye isifundo, gxila ukunaka kwakho kwenye into. Zama ukuphazamisa ingxoxo bese uthatha umhlalaphansi. Ungavele ukhuphuke ukuze wehlise umoya. Ukubala ngokwengqondo kukhulu. Kubalulekile ukubuyela emizweni yakho.
- Cabanga ngecala ngalinye elibangela ububele. Cabanga ngalabo nokuthi yini oyazwelana ngayo.
- Yenza ngonembeza. Ungaphenduli ngokuzwelana nomunye umuntu, kepha ungavumeli imizwa engemihle yodwa emphefumulweni wakho. Funda ukucisha uzwela ezingeni elingazi lutho. Kulokhu, ukuzivocavoca ngokuphefumula nokuzivocavoca kusiza kahle. Hlinzeka ukwesekwa kulabo abadinga usizo ngaphandle kokuzilimaza.
Kungenzeka yini ukuqeda?
Kwesinye isikhathi ukubonakaliswa okungafanele kokuzwela kuthinta kabi i-psyche yomuntu. Abantu bahlala benaka izidingo zabanye baziveza ngokucindezelwa nokukhathala ngenxa yobubele obuhlala njalo. Funda ukuvela ethonyeni labantu bakwamanye amazwe. Kwanelisa izidingo zakho ezingokomzwelo.
Kunezindlela eziphumelelayo zokuvikela ngokumelene neze.
- Kuyadingeka ukucabanga ngesihlangu sangempela noma uzinikele ngaphansi kwe-cap engaphuthelwa ukugeleza kwemininingwane.
- Phazamisa noma iyiphi ingxoxo lapho uqala khona ukuhlola imizwa engemihle emibi. Misa ingxoxo bese ushiya.
- Sika okuhlangenwe nakho okubi kwabanye abantu, ungabavumeli ukuba bavuzwe ekuqaphekeni kwakho.
- Gwema abantu ababi abafuna ukukhipha udoti wabo wamandla kuwe.
Ubuchwepheshe be-empatov
Le mfanelo iyadingeka kochwepheshe umsebenzi wabo ohambisana nokuxhumana: odokotela, ama-psychotapists, othisha, othisha, abathengisi, abaphathi. Uzwela lwezengqondo luvezwa ukuqaphela isimo esingokomzwelo somuntu kanye nokubonakaliswa kozwela lweqiniso. Udokotela onozwela uyakwazi ukwehlisa umoya futhi asekele isiguli, ngaleyo ndlela acasule ukululama kwakhe.
Abantu abanomuzwa futhi baqonde omunye umuntu bavame ukuzitholela e-pedagogy. Kulaba, kunothisha abahle kakhulu, othisha. Uzwela lwe-Pedagogical luzibonakalisa ekhonweni lokusungula kalula ukuxhumana nengane. Uthisha onozwela uhlala ecabanga ukuthambekela kanye nezici zomuntu siqu zewadi yakhe, akaphikisi umbono wakhe, athumele ngendlela efanelekile. Uzwa ukwesaba, ukungabaza kanye nezidingo zengane.
Abadlali badinga uzwela lokudala ukuze zizalwe kahle endimeni. Ngemuva kwalokho uzokwazi ukuzama isithombe seqhawe, ukungenela imizwa yakhe nemicabango, ukuqonda izimbangela zezenzo zakhe. Isibukeli sikholelwa umlingisi onjalo.
