Ulwazi lwesayensi luyathinta ukubuka komuntu, ukuqonda impilo. Inqubo yezentengo yezesayensi neyemfundo ihloselwe ukuxazulula imisebenzi ye-topical, ukwamukela imibono eyakhayo, ukunqoba okuphumelelayo, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezimo zempilo zobuntu obuthile nomphakathi wonke.
Yini?
Ukwakheka komsebenzi wezengqondo kwesayensi kwenziwa ngendlela yolwazi lomhlaba. Ukucabanga kwesayensi uhlobo olukhethekile lwenqubo yokuqonda okuhloswe ngalo ukwethula imininingwane yenhloso ekuqapheleni komuntu. Umsebenzi wokuqonda ukhombisa ubuqili besayensi.
Isitayela sesayensi sokucabanga sihlose ukuthuthukisa ulwazi oluthembekile ngobuntu, umphakathi kanye nemvelo. Ubheka isithombe sengqondo somhlaba ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziya nokuhlanganiswa.
Yonke imikhiqizo yokucabanga kwesayensi inesizathu futhi iqoqwe ngohlelo olulodwa. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi yezindawo ezinesihloko kuyakhanga umphakathi (umphakathi wezenhlalo), ngokwemvelo, ezobuchwepheshe kanye nesayensi yezethe.
- I-Socio-Suniatarian Science ihloselwe ukuthola ulwazi lomphakathi nomuntu. Umlando kanye nezifundo zomthetho zihlala zonke izindawo zempilo yomphakathi. Ulwazi olujwayelekile lomphakathi luhlelwe kwifilosofi ne-sociology. I-Anthropology, ama-aesthetics, izimiso zokuziphatha, i-philology, i-psychology, isayensi yezepolitiki, izifundo zamasiko, umnotho wembula indawo ethile yomkhakha womphakathi. Ukucabanga kwesayensi esifundeni sabantu kuhlola imicabango yabantu, izisusa, izinhloso kanye namagugu akho.
- I-Natural Science ibandakanya ukufundwa kwemvelo . I-Biology, i-Chemistry, i-geology, i-geology, imvelo, i-physics, i-astronomy bahlome abantu ngolwazi olusha oluneqhaza lokuphila. Isibonelo, embonini yezokwelapha, ukutholwa kwesayensi kufaka isandla ekubuyiselweni kweziguli ezihlushwayo kusukela phambilini kubhekwe njengezifo ezingenakuphuculwa. I-Science-Edology ihlola ama-resourroirs nemvelo, ivikele inani labantu ngengozi yokungcola kwabo.
- Kwisayensi yezobuchwepheshe Faka phakathi kwemishini, ama-robotic, isayensi yekhompyutha, i-agronomy, izakhiwo ezisheshisa inqubekela phambili yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe. I-Sciences eningi yezobuchwepheshe zibizelwa ukushintshanisa ukukhiqizwa kwamabhizinisi, kubanikeze ubuchwepheshe bamuva. Emhlabeni wanamuhla, amarobhothi asetshenziswa ngempumelelo, izinhlobo ezintsha zamandla, izindlela zokucubungula ze-ultrasound, ama-lasers embuyweni.
- Imibono yezibalo Nikeza zonke ezinye zesayensi enezindlela ezihlelekile zezilimi. Amasiko, izilinganiso, izincazelo zohlobo lwezinto zisetshenziswa ukuthola imithetho ejwayelekile yemvelo. Ubudlelwano babo obuhlelekile buyabonakala. Amamodeli wezibalo asetshenziswa kwinqubo yesayensi yezengqondo lapho ufunda isayensi eminingi.
Zonke wesayensi kukhona ngezikhathi Phambanisa. Endabeni ka isifundo zesayensi, ukucabanga kuhloswe ukutadisha ulwazi, imithetho nezinqubo ezithile nokuhlaziya, ekuboneni imihlola lawmatic kuzo.
Ngamunye kanye ukucabanga yesayensi has eguquguqukayo, ukuzimela. Uyabubona elibanzi okwenzekayo emhlabeni ezungeze willingly ithola ulwazi oluyisisekelo, assimilates ulwazi olusha, elungele noma iluphi ushintsho.
Ubuhlakani
ukucabanga Scientific libhekene fundamentality. Ngokungafani imisebenzi ukucabanga kwansuku zonke, sizalwa nawo jikelele, rationality, abheke ukuthi kungenzeka, a lizinga lelisetulu lelwati nje okungaqondile, ikhono ukwakha izinkinga futhi Yakha imicabango, ukungaguquguquki okunengqondo kanye nobufakazi, isifiso sokuthwala abantu umnqopho futhi lithembekile ulwazi wathola, kokuhlola amaqiniso ngosizo lwama-agumenti, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-apharathasi lomqondo.
Izwe lonke wesayensi uvezwa uhlobo A magama kanye namatemu. Ukuba khona indlela wumkhakha esiyisibopho inqubo jikelele. Lolu hlobo umsebenzi engqondo sihlinzekela Ukuqhubeka ukusetshenziswa ulwazi ngaphambilini zanqwabelana nemibono emisha eminingi ethembekile. It wenza engqondweni yethu, yamaSoviet, umsebenzi, ezamasiko kanye nemisebenzi yezenhlalakahle.
Psychology ukwaba izici eziyinhloko wesayensi ukucabanga inqubo.
umnqopho
Izindlela ezintsha zesayensi zokufunda ekutadisheni esihlokweni noma mkhuba, kukhona ukumiswa okuphelele kusukela yalelozwe subjective. Nakuba ukufunda eqanjiwe, umuntu enomuzwa umbono subjective of the author izenzakalo futhi amaqiniso. Leli pheshana yesayensi ibonisa kuphela amaqiniso etholwe balifundisise umgomo. Ulwazi lomuntu siqu mayelana usosayensi engekho.
Systemability
Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka, abantu eqoqwe zonke izinhlobo izincazelo amaqiniso ahlukahlukene kanye izenzakalo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhleleka kuka yawo yaholela ukuvela imiqondo ethile kanye nemigomo.Uhlelo lwamanje idatha theory incazelo ulwazi etholakale ngenxa survey ngokwesayensi.
Kushisa bhé kule ndawo
ukucabanga Scientific lisikisela substantiation ezincwadini izimiso kanye amaphethini. Ingxenye kubo ngenjongo eside izinsalela isikhathi ezingeni ezizathwini nokuqagela, okuyinto ngasizathu simbe abangazange okwamanje i base ubufakazi, kodwa esikhathini esizayo ososayensi bathethelele izibikezelo. Futhi bayohlala ngokwesayensi kungase kutholakale noma zingamanga. Onalo efakazelwe nezinkolelo ezihlukahlukene nemibono iqukethe nezimpikiswano eziningi eqinisekisa umnqopho wabo.
Nenshisekelo esikhathini esizayo
ukucabanga Scientific ucele esizayo. Ukuze isayensi, imiphumela yocwaningo zibaluleke esikhulu, hhayi nje inkathi yamanje isikhathi, kodwa futhi ezindaweni okufanele bathuthukise kuzo zabo, ukuguqulwa ku nemibono.
Kubalulekile ukucacisa imithetho nezindlela zokuthuthukisa imihlola ukwenza kuzuze isintu ekuphileni kamuva. Le ndlela yokucabanga kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba aklame lesi esizayo ezivela ezingxenyeni ngabanye ekhona okwamanje.
Isayensi iphelile izingcezwana elibanzi abathembekile, izingxenye, amafomu ukuthi kuyoba usizo isizukulwane siyeza.
lomqondo
indlela Ngokwemvelo zesayensi ukuzuza ulwazi ukuhlanganisa theorems, regularities imiqondo ehlukahlukene uphoqa abacwaningi contact amafomula, izimpawu kanye nezinye izimpawu. A uhlelo oluthile uphawu is njalo ngcono, kushintshwe, kwahambisana phakathi nesikhathi bokuba khona isayensi.Consciousness
Ukuqaliswa observation ukuqapha ekuhloleni izinto kanye izenzakalo, izixhumanisi zazo phakathi nomunye ifakazela ukusetshenziswa abazi izindlela zesayensi.
indlela kokulinganisa
Eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma zisekelwe ucwaningo olwenziwa. I yesayensi inqubo engqondo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise imiphumela eyatholakala ukuqoqa base ubufakazi nesibalo esikhulu izinto wafunda. Phakathi ucwaningo, imiqondo ethile akhiwa, iziphetho kuchazwe zenziwa.
Izimiso
- Isimiso eyinhloko isenzo engqondo lwesayensi khona ukuhlolwa. Ngokuqhathaniswa ukucabanga enokwehla, indlela yezesayensi kusho ukusabalala Imiphumela yokulinga ku uhlu olubanzi kakhulu kolwazi. Ngenxa yalesi, ososayensi bathole ithuba lokwenza iziphetho ezingefani ezingaphezu.
- Isimiso sesibili ubonisa isifiso ososayensi ukuba umnqopho kanye lamabutho. Indlelanchubo yekusebentisa enokwehla kusho ngqo ubuntu iqhaza ekuhlolweni, ikhumbula okwalandela asihlole umbono. Ukuze Gwema ngephutha noma ukuhlanekezela ngenhloso iziphetho etholwe ngesikhathi sokuhlola, ngaphansi inqubo engqondo yesayensi, observation Kwenziwa.
- Esesithathu isimiso esibalulekile kuyinto nokumisa ulwazi etholakale ukuze Yakha theory. Indlelanchubo yekusebentisa enokwehla akusho zamagama ezincwadini ulwazi, ngakho yonke idatha kubhekwa eceleni komunye nomunye. Indlela yesayensi ubona ubudlelwano phakathi izenzakalo nge yokwenza iqembu phambili wabo nokulungiselelwa ngezigaba.
Izindlela
ukucabanga Scientific uhlose ukusebenzisa amasu athile nqubo ephawulekayo.
Indlela yesayensi libhekene ukunemba, rigidity kanye umnqopho.
It ivumela uhlelo iphethini Inhloso ukuba iphenduke kokubusa umcwaningi. izindlela Universal yolwazi zinjalo ukuhlaziywa kanye zamagama, imali ebanjwayo kanye lokungeniswa, yokumodela, isifaniso, Abstraction futhi idealization.
Ukuhlahlela kusho ukukhishwa kwengalo wonke izingxenye esiyinhlanganisela, zamagama - uxhumano izingxenye ku linye. E- Umcabango Ubufakazi ibonakala kusukela eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izitatimende okunokwethenjelwa kusekelwe imithetho enengqondo. E- lokungeniswa amaqiniso Hlukanisa kuholele isikhundla ezivamile. Indlela Awokuzenzisa It uhlose lokuphinda izici into usebenzisa wadala ngokukhethekile abanye imodeli. Le ndlela isetshenziswa nobunzima ezivela ngesikhathi isifundo into uqobo.
Ukwengezela Siqukethe e kokuthikamezeka engqondo kusukela ezinye izakhiwo imihlola kanye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabo, ukwaba ezinye izinga yabo. Abstraction Imiphumela kungaba imikhakha ehlukahlukene nasemiqondweni ethile. Idealization Lokhu kusho senqubo yokucabanga evamile, conjugate kumiswa leminye imicondvo abstract, hhayi njalo ngokoqobo.
izindlela Ucwaningo zihlanganisa Ukumeda, ukuqhathanisa, incazelo, systematization kanye ngezigaba. Emisebenzini engqondo elihlobene ne isayensi, izindlela enokwehla futhi theory kugcwele umhlaba wonke.
enokwehla
izindlela Scientific nezindlela enokwehla yolwazi ukuphakamisa ucwaningo ukuthola ulwazi oluthile. Bancika experiment nokuqaphelisisa. Ukuze ukuhlola, izimo ezikhethekile zidalwe, ukususa izinto ekuvimbeleni ke, ukusebenzisa amadivaysi technical ezifanele. Lolu cwaningo imihlola nezinto sidlula umthelela isihloko ulwazi ukuze into cwaningo. Lapho, uye waqaphela akukho nethonya kangaka.
Ukuze uthole ukucaciseleka ehlelekile futhi ithele kokwaziswa cwaningo Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amathuluzi kanye namathuluzi.
izindlela enokwehla zisekelwe kuphela idatha etholwe abanolwazi. Ngo izindlela ezintsha zesayensi zokufunda, imininingwane misela ngu empirically is ngempela waqinisekisa noma ukulahlwa incazelo theory okuvela ethize izimfanelo.
theory
Yonke imininingwane etholwe ngendlela zokuhlola, ososayensi awashintsheki ngesimo le mfundiso. isakhiwo Its kuhlanganisa imibono ayisisekelo, izimiso, imithetho, axioms, ukubaluleka izici.
Ukwakha ithiyori, sebenzisa indlela kanye logic. ulwazi theory kusekelwe elilodwa lamafomu: ithiyori, umbono, inkinga futhi umthetho.
Indlelanchubo yekusebentisa theory ihlanganisa semthethweni kanye mathematization. Ngendlela lokuqala, ulwazi lwezesayensi kubonakala ngokusebenzisa izimpawu ulimi wadala ngokukhethekile. Indlela Eyesibili isikisela ukwethulwa impumelelo zezibalo ekuhlolweni endaweni ngaphansi cwaningo.
indlela zomlando Inikeza incazelo yenqubo, ikhumbula izici zayo eziyingqayizivele. indlela enengqondo Kuthatha ukungcebeleka kohlelo lokuphuma kwifomu lethiyori. Zonke izinto zethulwa ngezinyathelo ezahlukahlukene zentuthuko yazo, ngamanye amagama, yonke indlela yomlando iyaqoshwa. Indlela enengqondo ihlobene kakhulu nomlando ohlanganisa izigaba zokuthuthukisa izehlakalo ngezindlela zazo ezithile zokubonakaliswa ngokuhambisana nezikhathi zokulandela izikhathi ezithile. Ubumbano lwazo zonke izindlela ezisetshenziswa ekucabangeni kwesayensi luhlinzeka ngentuthuko yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe.
