Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX, ososayensi baseFrance uShoria noMaya, ngosizo lwe-nickel neCopper Alloy, badala insimbi, eyayingasilingisa isiliva semvelo. I-alloy yaqala ukufaka isicelo sokwenziwa kwe-cutlery kanye nezitsha, khona-ke imihlobiso yaqala ukwenza imihlobiso, kanye nezinsimbi zezokwelapha kanye nezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa kwezobuchwepheshe.
UMebebhisi washeshe wangena ngemfashini, ngakho cishe kuyo yonke imindeni, engcebi yayo ayizange ivume ukuba ngibe nesiliva, imfoloko, nezinkezo kanye nemimese ngemikhosi bekuvela kuMelic. Izindleko zemikhiqizo enjalo bezingaphezulu kakhulu, kepha ngokubukeka kwakunzima ukuhlukanisa kusuka esiliva. Kodwa-ke, abavakashi kwadingeka bapende ngokuphelele izitsha zethebula kusuka kuMelchior ukuze abukeke ebiza kakhulu futhi ethandeka.
Yini?
Ifomula yamakhemikhali of melchior isho I-Compound of Compper ne-nickel Metals Kuthathwe ngamaphesenti athile, umphumela wokuthi i-alloy itholakala, ebukeka icwebezela futhi inombala wesiliva. I-Metal enjalo isiphenduke uhlobo lokukhubeka nge-jumbling for man -ans ababengazi ukuthi bangahlukanisa kanjani isiliva kusuka kuMelchior futhi bavame ukubona, ukuthola imikhiqizo yokuphakanyiswa ngentengo yesiliva.
Kwesinye isikhathi i-iron ne-manganese ingezwe ku-aloy yethusi nge-nickel ukukhulisa ubuntu namandla ento ethile. Uma uzibuthe ulethwa emkhiqizweni onjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi aqaphele ukuthi ibonakalisa izakhiwo zayo zikazibuthe kanye namabala, ngenkathi imikhiqizo yesiliva ibingakwazi ukukhombisa izakhiwo zamabuthe.
Ngemuva kokuqhuba izivivinyo eziningana, ochwepheshe baqala ukwenza ubisi bemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, etholile namagama abo futhi bathola izindawo ezithile zokwaziswa uqobo.
Ukubonakala
Ekuqaleni, uMelic wakhulelwa njengendlela engabizi kwesinye isikhathi esisiliva. Ngokubukeka, umkhiqizo ovela ku-alloy we-oloy ne-nickel akazange ahlukane nesiliva, abukeka enobuhle futhi enomusa, kepha ashibhile kakhulu kunezivumelwano zesiliva. Kwakunzima kakhulu ukunquma izinto ezivelele, uma umuntu wegolide, isiliva noma ungqimba we-rhodium asetshenziswa ngaphezulu. Umehluko phakathi kwesiliva namabele awenzi phakathi kwama-alloys abo kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemigomo yokunakekela imikhiqizo.
Ukwakheka
I-alloy enezisekelo ze-copper-nickel ingeyesigaba sezinsimbi ezingezona ezonakele. Ngokuyisisekelo, iMelchior iqukethe ithusi, futhi i-nickel nezinye izengezo zisebenza njenge-ligature, enikeza ubunzima bokuqedwa kokuqina nokuqina. Ukwakheka kwezinsimbi ezisetshenziswayo ku-alloy kuvumela lokho kungabikho ukulungiswa, okwenza ukuthi umoya emoyeni. Yizakhiwo zensimbi engenasici kanye nokukhanya kwayo kwesiliva kwaphenduka okubaluleke kakhulu futhi kubaluleke kakhulu kuMelchior.
Ekuqaleni, uMelchior wahlanganisa ithusi ne-nickel kuphela, kodwa ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, ukwakheka kwalo kwenziwa kuphelele futhi kuhluke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kwakukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo kaMelchior. Ukwakheka kwezinsimbi kuMelichior wanamuhla kungaba ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- I-Copper - kusukela ngo-65 kuye kwangama-90%;
- I-nickel (ngesinye isikhathi ngokungezwa kwe-cobalt) - kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-30%;
- IManganese - Ayikho ngaphezulu kwe-1%;
- I-Iron - Ayikho ngaphezulu kwe-1%.
Kweminye imikhiqizo yeMelchior, kukhona i-zinc eyathathelwa indawo yingxenye ethile ye-nickel. I-alloy ephumela yaba nombala wensimbi yesiliva enhle futhi imvamisa isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezinhlamvu zemali. Ngenxa yokwehlukahluka kukaMelchior Alloy, kwafinyelela eqinisweni lokuthi ekugcineni kwezinye izinhlangothi ezivela kuthusi zaqala ukungabizi ngaphandle kukaMelchior.
I-alloy yanamuhla yeMelchior iyindlela ehlala isikhathi eside, engenamikhawulo. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okukhulu kwethusi, ingaphezulu kwemikhiqizo evela eMelchior kuzokulala.
Ukugcina uhlobo lokuqala lomkhiqizo, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza nokuzikhazimula kokubili ngethagethi ye-prophylactic nangemva kokusetshenziswa.
Ukumaka
Ngemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngoMelchior Alloy, kukhona ukubalwa (isampula) equkethe izinhlamvu ezimbili: m no-N. Lezi zinhlamvu ziqoka ukuthi i-allioy ifaka ithusi ne-nickel. Uma kukhona amamitha kanye ne-MC eduze kwezinhlamvu, izimpawu ezinjalo zikhombisile ukuthi ngesimo se-ligature, i-allioy ifaka insimbi kanye nabangane. Ngaphezu kokuqanjwa kwezinhlamvu zama-alfabhethi, ukubandlululwa emikhiqizweni kaMelchior kwakunezinombolo. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwe-MTF 30-1-1 kuveze ukuthi ku-alloy, ngaphezu kwesisekelo sethusi, kuqukethe ama-30% we-nickel, 1% i-iron kanye ne-1% manganese.
Imikhiqizo evela kuMelchior yakhiqizwa ezweni lethu esikhathini sokubola se-USSR, ngemuva kwalokho i-alloy efanayo yaqala ukukhiqiza ngokungeziwe ngokufakwa kwe-zinc. Umphumela wawunguNezilber - enye yezinhlobo zikaMelchior. Izinto ezivela ku-Copper-Nickel Alloy ngaphandle kwezengezo zenc manje zingathengwa ngaphandle kwezitolo zakudala. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe uNezilber ngokubukeka namandla okubonakala ngokungaboni angahlukaniswanga ngesiliva, lokho kuyisiliva nje lapho kuxhumana nomuntu omanzi futhi emoyeni kungahlala kumnyama, futhi i-alloy ye-melonior ihlala ingashintshiwe.
Isici esihlukile seNezilber yisitembu saso. Futhi uma ilebula le-lungilior lerlowdown mn, khona-ke i-zinc alloy isivele inokumake okukodwa - i-ITC. Kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi awekho amasampula kumkhiqizo. Ngemuva kwalokho ukunquma ukwakheka okudingeka ukwazi usuku lokukhiqizwa kwalo noma ukukala umbala womkhiqizo wokuba khona kwe-tint ephuzi kuyo: Uma kungekho thue elinjalo, kusho ukuthi unguNezilber, hhayi Melchior.
Izakhiwo zensimbi
Izici zeCopper Alloy nge-nickel zimi ngokulandelayo:
- I-alloy ayifaki ukusabela oxidative nge-oxygen;
- ayivezwanga kusawoti kanye nezixazululo ze-acidic, kufaka phakathi amanzi olwandle;
- kukhombisa ukumelana namagesi;
- Ukutholwa kahle kweSpike, Polishing;
- Ubuningi bezinto ezibonakalayo bungama-8900 kg / m3;
- Ukumelana kukagesi okuqondile kungama-284-285 n / m, kudlula ukuphikisana kwethusi ngaphezulu kwamahlandla angama-20;
- Uma kungekho manganese nensimbi ku-alloy, iMelchior izoba ngumqhubi kagesi wamanje;
- ngaphandle kokungcola kwensimbi ekwakhiweni kwalo, i-alloy ngeke ibe nempahla kazibuthe;
- Amandla kaMelchior aqhathaniswa namandla ensimbi;
- Ukumelana nokuqukethwe kwegebe kungama-380-400 MPA;
- I-Brinell Hardness Level amayunithi angama-66-70.
UMelchior ubhekwa njenge-alloy ehlala isikhathi eside kunesiliva, ngenkathi isisindo saso siphansi kakhulu kunalokho kwensimbi enhle.
Ukulimala kokuncibilika
Ukunikeza ubulukhuni beMelchioimem, yenza ukwelashwa okushisa okukhethekile, okungokulandelayo: I-alloy ifudunyezwa ibe ngu-260-300 ° C, bese iwukunika kancane ukupholisa esithandweni somlilo, bese unciphisa ngokwemvelo yokushisa. Inqubo enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi iNagarovka. Ngalo, uMelchior wenziwa ahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo:
- Ama-Melchior ancibilika izinga lokushisa lisuka ku-1190 laya ku-1230 ° C futhi lincike ekubumbeni kwe-alloy;
- Izinkomba zesilinganiso esithile sokushisa ziyisilinganiso esifinyelela ku-390-400 j / kg, ezizibonakalisa emazingeni okushisa athi +15 kuya ku-25 ° C;
- Ukwakheka kweMelchioric akunandaba nezinqubo ze-oxidative, inqobo nje uma amazinga okushisa akhona azoba ngaphakathi ku-150 ° C.
Ukusuka ekwakhiweni kokwakheka kwe-ligature kusetshenziswa ku-alloy, i-Metals Plasticity Inkomba izoncika kuyo. Okukhulu ekubukeni kwalo kwe-iron ne-manganese, kwehlise ukuhlanganiswa kobulukhuni be-bilir.
Izinhlobo ze-alloys
Kuze kube manje, ama-alloys wensimbi angaphezu kwama-65 ayaziwa, angowamalungu ajwayelekile kaMelchior. I-alloy ngayinye enjalo inegama layo nezakhiwo, ezithola isibonisi ekuphawuleni nasekwakhiweni kwamaphesenti okuqukethwe.
Cabanga ngama-alloys ajwayelekile kakhulu.
- Monel. I-Metal Alloy iqukethe ekuhlanganisweni kwayo kuze kube ngu-66-67% we-nickel. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni izinsimbi zezokwelapha, ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo edingekayo emafutheni namakhemikhali embonini eyakha umkhumbi.
- Constantan. I-alloy iqukethe ngaphezu kuka-40-41% nickel, onikeza ubulukhuni obuphezulu namandla. Lokhu okusetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemishini yokusika insimbi nokulungiswa.
- Isiliva le-nickel. I-alloy iqukethe u-15% nickel, futhi i-zinc ingezwa njenge-ligature. Le alloy of melchior isetshenziselwa udaba lwezindawo zesifuba sesifuba sokwehluka, izinhlamvu zemali kanye nemihlobiso zenziwa kulo, kanye nezingxenye ezisetshenziswa ekwenzeni insimbi efanele.
Ngokwenziwa kwe-cutlery kanye nezitsha, i-zinc ayisebenzi, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokudla akuzwanga ukunambitheka kwensimbi, ingaphezulu le-cutlery limbozwe ungqimba oluncane lwe-gilling noma isiliva.
Izindawo zokusebenzisa
Njengoba iMelchior imelana namanzi anosawoti olwandle, iyaziwa kuyo, esetshenziswa emkhakheni wezindawo zokwakha olwandle. Ukusebenza kukagesi okuphezulu kusivumela ukuthi sisebenzise ama-alloys akwaMelchive ukukhiqizwa kwama-thermoelements, ukumelana nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo. Imvamisa isetshenziswa kuMelchior nasemkhakheni wemboni yezimoto: I-alloy yensimbi ihlanganisa izingxenye ezithile zenqubo yemoto ukuze ivimbele ukugqwala kwayo.
Ukusuka kwi-Copper-Nickel Alloy yenza ukufakwa kwamanzi, ukufakwa kwamanzi, ama-valve nezinye izinhlelo zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi. I-Melchioric Alloy isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha: Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngale ndaba ingaphikiswa kaningi ngezinketho ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa ezinama-antimicrobic. Ngasikhathi sinye, abagwiki, basale ngendlela yalo yasekuqaleni.
Ukusika nezitsha
Kusukela ngesikhathi sokudalwa kweMelchior Alloy, kwakusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwamakamelo okudlela kanye nemishini, okuyinto ebuhleni babo abangancintisana nemikhiqizo yesiliva. Amasethi wezinkezo zikaMelchior, Forks kanye nemimese esetshenziswe ngesikhathi semikhosi: Ukuhlelwa okunjalo kuhlotshise itafula nge-glitter yayo ekhanyayo yesiliva. Ama-Vases wezithelo noma amaswidi, ama-solller, amasosi, amathreyi, amathreyi anesethi yezitaki, ama-jugs nezibuko kwenziwa njengokusika okuvela ku-alloy alloy.
Izitsha ezivela kuMelchior zazingenamahloni futhi zinikeze. I-kettle, umnikazi wendebe, isipuni esine-koqweqwe lwawo - konke lokhu bekungafanele kuphela, kodwa futhi kuyathandeka, futhi kwavezwa kunoma yiliphi icala eliqinile. KaMelchior, ama-samovars amabi wetiye kanye namaTurks okupheka ikhofi ayevame ukwenziwa. Ngaphakathi, lezi zinto zingambozwa ungqimba oluncanyana lwe-tin ukuze lapho lapho kufuthelwa emanzini, noma yiziphi izinto eziyingozi zahlukaniswa. UMelchior Coaster ubenokuvuka okushisayo okushisayo: ukubeka itiye elishisayo kubo, kungenzeka ukuthi angesabi ukushisa iminwe yakhe ngesikhathi sephathi yetiye.
Ukuhloba imihlobiso
I-Silver Flitter ye-alloy yensimbi enhle ayizange ishiye abanakane nabathandi bobucwebecwebe. Imikhiqizo yeMelchioric ihlala ngokuqinile i-niche yayo kule ndawo, kepha hhayi njenge-fliel yesiliva, kepha njengemikhiqizo evela ensimbi eyingqayizivele neyofuna. Imihlobiso eyenziwe nge-Copper-Nickel Alloy, inesilinganiso esiphakeme sokuvimbela nokuqina kokubukeka. Bahlotshiswe ngokungezwa ngabansundu abakhethekile, engeza i-patina, ephathwe ngendlela yokuvalwa.
UMelchior uvame ukuhlotshiswa ngesiliva: Lobuso obukhona nje bubukeka buhle kakhulu, kodwa futhi bunazo izakhiwo ze-antiseptic ngenxa yama-ion esiliva. Imvamisa, i-alloy yethusi ne-nickel ihlotshiswe nge-gilling. Ngokuyisisekelo lokhu kwenziwa ngobucwebecwebe kanye nezikhumbuzo. Ungqimba lwegolide lusetshenziselwa ebusweni bemikhiqizo awedluli i-micrometer 1, kepha uma sikusebenzisa ngendlela yokulinganisa amaplanethi, khona-ke ukumelana kwe-gilding enjalo kuzoba phezulu kakhulu.
Igolide elihlanganisiwe ngesilonda ngisho nokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke alilahlekelwa yizakhiwo zalo. I-hypoallergen futhi iphephile ukuze isetshenziswe lapho kuxhumana nesikhumba.
Ungahlukanisa kanjani ngensimbi engenasici?
Nquma ekhaya, uMelchior phambi kwakho noma ngensimbi engenacala kunzima kakhulu. Ukwenza lula umsebenzi, ungasebenzisa izeluleko zochwepheshe.
- Incazelo ngesampula. Emikhiqizweni evela ku-Copper ne-Nickel Alloy, babeka ukubandlululwa okukhethekile ngesimo sezincwadi ze-MN, ezingahlanganiswa nezinhlamvu, i-MC, C kanye nezinombolo ezibonisa iphesenti le-ligature. Akukho ukumaka okunjalo emikhiqizweni yensimbi engagqwali.
- Uma usebenzisa ithonsi lamanzi ku-nickel alloy nethusi, Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa kamuva, esikhundleni sokwehla, uzobona indawo eluhlaza okotshani, ngenkathi amabala ensimbi engagqwali awanikeli.
- Ipensela le-Pharmacy Lyapis Emikhiqizweni kaMelchior ishiya umkhondo omnyama, futhi ngensimbi engagqwali - cha.
- UMelchiorovy Alloy Inezakhiwo ezincane ze-magnetic, nensimbi engenacala - cha, njengoba ine-chromium ne-nickel.
- I-alloy ye-malchior lungi ibiza ama-3 abiza kakhulu, kune-alloy yensimbi engenasici, njengoba uMelior aqukethe i-nickel ebizayo.
Insimbi engenacala imvamisa izama ukunika isiliva noma ukwakheka kukaMelchior, kepha uMelchior uvame ukutholakala kuma-fakes wobucwebe obuyigugu, izitsha neminye imikhiqizo elingisa isiliva.
Ungayinakekela kanjani?
Ngakho-ke leyo mikhiqizo evela ku-nickel ne-Copper Alloy ibukeka kahle futhi yaheha ukunaka kwabo ubuhle babo, kufanele ivuselelwe ngezikhathi ezithile kusetshenziswa ukuhlanza nokupholisha. Ngale njongo, ingasetshenziswa i-dewlew deder yamazinyo, ukwakheka kwe-chalk noma i-ejenti eyenzelwe ukunakekela ubucwebe olwenziwe ngezinsimbi eziyigugu nama-alloys. Kubalulekile ukuthi ekwakhekeni kwalawo ma-ejenti wokuhlanza anjalo azikho izingxenye zama-acid noma izinto ze-chlorine, ngoba lezi zinto zakha khona okunzima ngaphezulu kwemikhiqizo yeMelchior.
Nazi izindlela ezimbalwa zokupheka ezisebenzisa, ungahlanza ukukha kancane noma ukuhlobisa.
- Ingaphezulu liphathwa nge-soda lincibilika emanzini Ngokwesilinganiso esingu-50 g se-soda ngo-1 l soketshezi. Akunconywa ukuthi uhlanze i-Dry Powder Soda, kusukela ngemuva kwenqubo, ukuklwebheka kungavela ebusweni bemikhiqizo. Ngemuva kokwelashwa nge-soda nge-soda, umkhiqizo udinga ukuhliselwa ngamanzi bese wemisa ithawula esomile, njengoba amaconsi emanzi azokwakha amabala.
- Enye iresiphi nge-soda: Esitsheni se-aluminium, kuyadingeka ukubeka ungqimba lwe-foil bese uluthulule ngesisombululo se-soda (izilinganiso ezifanayo njengasenguqulweni esedlule). Eduze kwesitsha udinga ukusonga izinto ohlela ukuzihlanza. Isitsha sifakwa esitofini, futhi okuqukethwe kwalo kuguqulwe kumathumba. Lapho-ke into ngayinye ihlanjululwe emanzini bese isula indwangu yomile.
- Iresiphi nge-ammonia: Emanzini afudumele, kancane i-ammonia alcohol ukuzalanisa nemikhiqizo evela kuMelchior ibekwe kwikhambi eliphumela. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, izinto zisuswa kwikhambi, zigezwe emanzini ahlanzekile futhi zomile zomile, indwangu yazo ebukhazikhazini.
- Ukuhlanza i-EggShell: I-egghell kumele ichotshozwe kahle esimweni se-powder - kwanele ukuthatha igobolondo kusuka emaqanda ama-2. I-eggorell powder ibekwa endaweni ekhudlwana, yathela ilitha lamanzi bese ifaka ama-20 g kasawoti. Amandla ngesixazululo abeka umlilo futhi alethe kumathumba. Ngemuva kwalokho imikhiqizo yeMelchive yenzelwe ukuhlanza ibekwe esikhangini esibilayo futhi ibilise okungenani imizuzu emi-2-3. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinto zisuswa kwikhambi, zigezwe ngamanzi, zomisiwe futhi zitholwe ngezicubu ezihlanzekile.
Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo yokuhlanza neye-polishing isiqediwe, imikhiqizo eyenziwe nge-alloy kaMelchior kumele isuswe ukuze igcinwe ebhokisini elikhethekile noma icala elithambile ngaphakathi. Ngaphakathi kwecala lokugcina kufanele lome futhi uhlanzeke. Imvamisa, izinto zikaMelchive zithengiswa sezivele zigcwele emabhokisini akhethekile noma amacala, kungcono ukugcina imikhiqizo kuzo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ukuvezwa komswakama, izinto zamakhemikhali noma amakha. Futhi, imikhiqizo kufanele ivikelwe emiphumeleni yama-coarse. Ukubheka le mithetho enzima, esebenzisa inqubo yokuhlanza nokupholisha, ungavuma imihlobiso yakho ye-mellchive noma imishini yokusika iminyaka eminingi.
Mayelana nokuthi ungahlanza kanjani uMelichior ngemizuzu emibili, bheka ividiyo elandelayo.