I-English Mastiff ingenye yabameleli bezwe lomhlaba wezinja, umnikazi wosayizi omkhulu kanye nemvelo enhle. I-gladiator yangempela, ibukeka ihlaba umxhwele futhi iyimfanelo yangempela yamandla namandla. Le nja nayo ngeke ikhombise ukungacasuki ngokweqile noma ukwethuka. Kuhlala kuzolile, zilinganise futhi ziyazi kahle ukuthi umniniyo usongela ingozi futhi sekuyisikhathi sokukhombisa amazinyo akho.
Umlando Wemvelaphi
English Mastif - Uhlobo lwezinja ezivela e-UK, ezihlobene ne-arcuate futhi zamukelwa ngokusemthethweni ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu edlule. Uthole indinganiso yakhe yokuqala ngo-1883. Kepha ngaphambi kwalokhu, esinye sezinja ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni sakwazile ukuzisungula ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Okhokho bawo mamastiffs babeziwa ngesikhathi sobukhulu beBabiloni, i-Asiriya, iPheresiya. UMolos waleso u-Epoch wayenamathambo akhona futhi asetshenziswa kanzima, asetshenziswa njengonogada, enziwa emikhankasweni yezempi.
Kucatshangelwa ukuthi e-UK, ama-progenitors ama-mastauffs ase-Starooalalian avele ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwezizwe zamaCelt emakhulwini eminyaka ye-IV-III BC. Ngokufika kwesiqhingi sabaseRoma, izazi-mlando zabo zabhala eziningi ngezinja ezinkulu, ezinkulu ezisetshenziswa amaBritani. Kwakunokungaziphathi kahle kwalezi zilwane, amandla abo omzimba nokungesabi. Akumangazi ukuthi ama-Massuffs, aqala ukubhekisela kulolu bikwa ngesikhathi sikaJulia Caesar, aqala ukungenisa ngenkuthalo eMbusweni WaseRoma, futhi egcekeni ngisho nendawo ekhethekile yokukhethwa kwezilwane kwavela. Lapha, ama-giants esiNgisi aqala ukusebenzisa izimpi ze-gladiator, kanye nama-legionnaires. Esikhathini esizayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlobo lokuzalela kwaba nomthelela ekuhlaselweni kwamasosha okusha kwesiqhingi - ukufika kwamaSaxons ngonyaka we-407 ngenkathi entsha kwaholela ekuhambeni kwegazi elisha.
Phakathi kwezilwane ezingeniswayo, uGafaelgi wabelwa - izinja ezisetshenziswa ezinhlosweni zokuzingela ukubalekela izilwane ekuzingeleni. Izinhlobo ezifanisiwe, ezixutshwe nama-mastiffs ngaphambili ezivakashele lesi siqhingi, sabizwa ngokuthi yiCOSTOG. Izinja zazinobude obuphakathi, umbala omnyama futhi ononya kakhulu. Kukuleli fomu ukuthi izilwane zazikhona kuze kube yikhulu le-XI, lapho amaNorman ehlasela i-UK.
Abamele i-Continental Europe babenezintandokazi zabo ngaleso sikhathi - ama-alens noma ama-mastiffs azokuzingela. Ukuxuba kwabo nama-pramoloserian of dilution zasendaweni kwanikela ukwahlukanisa ngaso leso sikhathi ngezinhlobo ezimbalwa zohlobo. Izinja zazibhekwa ezinjeni, ezingenasibindi, ngosayizi omkhulu. Waqala ukuthandwa kwawo kanye nama-bandogs adala abonakale ngenxa yesaksam. Bebejwayele ukwenza imisebenzi yokuQapha, ngenxa yombala omnyama ababengabonakali ebumnyameni.
Ukuguqulwa kwe-dilution emsulwa
Njengohlobo lokuzimela, i-mastif yamaNgisi yaqala ukwakha ngemuva kuka-1415, ngemuva kwempi edume nge-azekur, lapho izinja zalwa kanye nabanikazi bazo futhi zikulungele ukunikela izimpilo zabo ngenxa yomqhele waseBrithani. Umufi Pitromice Sir Pierce u-Lee, umnikazi weLime Hall Estate, ekilasini leNkosi uHenry IV, kwanikezwa imvumelwano efanayo yezempi njengomnikazi wayo. Esikhathini esizayo, umugqa wenzalo yakhe waba ngomunye walezi zinsazane ezintathu eziphambili e-UK. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhethwa kwama-mastiffs ngemuva kwekhulu le-XVIII kwahileleka eGitton kanye nomndeni kaGeke Devonshire. Kuze kube ngu-1835, inhloso eyinhloko yalolu hlobo kwakuwukuhlukumezeka kwesilwane, ikakhulukazi, izinja zilwa namabhere futhi zawahlula ngempumelelo.
Kepha ngesivuno sokuvinjelwa kobukhosi kulolu hlobo lwezokuzijabulisa, ama-mastiffs esiNgisi aphenduka izilwane ezifuywayo, kwenzeke ukunyamalala okucishe kwaphela kanye nokunyamalala ngokuphelele kwemfuyo.
Indaba entsha
Ama-Masterfs wesiNgisi anamuhla afana kancane nokhokho awo akude. Ukunyamalala kwabo kwaholela ekuhlaselweni okusha kwentshisekelo yabafuyi be-BEADERS kule ngcebo yaseBrithani elahlekile. Lapho ukuzalela kubuyiselwe, kwasetshenziswa igazi lezinhlobo ezilandelayo zezinja:
- Ama-master ne-alpine master;
- Memelyani;
- USenbernara;
- Izinja zesiDanishi;
- Newfoundland;
- I-Bullmastids.
Inja yokuqala yohlobo lwanamuhla yaboniswa ngo-1873. Ngenxa yemizamo yeklabhu, lapho abathandi be-StarooAngalian Mastiff United, isilwane sithola ukubukeka okuhle futhi sigcine izici ezinhle kakhulu zama-molles. I-Mavel Tauras evela enkulisa yaseNanbury, ebambe iqhaza embukisweni, yaba ngumnqobi wakhe. Kepha inzalo yakhe enegama lomqhele wenkosana libhekwa njengesimo sengqondo yesimanje sesiNgisi. Esikhathini esizayo, izinja ezazalelwa kulo limugqa ziye zaba ngabanqobi, abawinile zemibukiso.
Ngo-1906, imfuyo entsha yama-mastiffs yesiNgisi yafuna ukwakhiwa kwendalo ehambelana nezinguquko ku-phenotype. Izilwane ezinde ezinezinwele, ezibolile, ezimnyama nezimpunga ziyakhishwa. Kuyo yonke le minyaka engama-20, inani lalokhu kwaziswa lalihlala libaluleke kakhulu, ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II, yagcinwa kakhulu e-United States.
Namuhla inani lemfuyo alisona lisongela, futhi ukuthandwa kwama-mastiffs esiNgisi emhlabeni wonke kuphakeme impela.
Ukufanisa
Isici esiyinhloko sohlobo lwe-English Mastiff ukuqina kanye nobukhulu obukhulu. Inani lanamuhla lezinja libukeka kakhulu, kepha ngokwengeziwe, ngaphandle kokuncipha ngokweqile. Isisindo esiphezulu sesinye sezinja ezinkulu sifinyelela ku-130 kg. Kepha ngokwesilinganiso, owesilisa unesisindo esivela kuma-68 kuye kwangama-113 kg ukuphakama okungu-76 cm kubuna. Ubukhulu bezinsikazi abahlaba umxhwele - 54-91 kg kuze kufike ku-70 cm ukuphakama.
Ukubonakala
Ukugxila okuyinhloko ngokubonakala kwe-mastif yamaNgisi kuwa ekhanda - kubukeka ngobuningi, ngamakhona abukhali. Isilinganiso sobubanzi obude ngokuya ngokwezinga ngu-2: 3. Izinja zinomzimba oqinile onamandla, izicubu zomzimba ezithuthukile zomzimba ngokukhululeka okushiwo. Iphakamisa isilwane esiqinile, siqonde, sibekwe kabanzi. Ijazi kufanele lifushane, ngaphandle kokuncipha emkhakheni wama-blade, emuva, intamo, ukugqama, eduze komzimba. Umbala omnyama uvunyelwe kuphela kumaski ebusweni nasezindlebeni. Umzimba wonke kanye nekhanda kufanele kupendwe kunguqulo ye-fawn, elula, yesiliva noma emnyama yemibala, ama-apricot shades. I-English Tiger Mastiff ethandwa kakhulu, enamabhendi abikiwe ngomzimba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici ezilandelayo zifakiwe izinja zalolu zohlobo:
- Amabele ajulile nelibanzi - ama-contours awo kufanele achazwe kahle, onqenqemeni oluphansi luza emigodini noma lidlula ngaphansi kwalo;
- Umsila othe xaxa ephakeme ngokulinganayo - esisekelweni kuyeswa, kuncishiswe esiqeshini; Umsila ngobude kufanele ufinyelele ngokuhlanganiswa kokuqashisa, lapho ujabule, uvuka ngaphezulu kwezinga lomhlane;
- Intamo yinde, yathuthukiswa kahle, ukugoba okuncane kuyinto isimilo sedwala, izicubu zomlomo wesibeletho zithuthukiswa kahle;
- Osayizi bezindlebe ezihlanganisiwe ezinokunikezwa okuphezulu nokubanzi - ukushuba kwabo kuncane, ngesimo esizolile onqenqemeni oluphansi lutholakala ezihlathini;
- Imihlathi ethuthukiswe kahle ngeluma glue noma isidlo sabantu; Ama-fangs anamandla, amazinyo amhlophe;
- Amehlo omthunzi we-nati noma emnyama we-walnut, ngokulethwa okubanzi, usayizi mncane, unhlangothi lumnyama, kwekhulu lesithathu kubhekwa njengomshado wesizwe.
Kubalulekile! Isikhathi sokuphila sama-Mastiffs English sineminyaka eyi-10, kepha ngokunakekelwa okufanele kanye nozakhiwane okuhle ngalo mkhawulo kufinyelela eminyakeni eyi-13- 17.
Isimilo
Uhlobo lwe-Mastiff yesiNgisi luhlukaniswa ngesiNgisi ngempela esingenacala. Izinja zinolaka ngokulinganayo maqondana nabantu ongabazi, ungakhombisi umsebenzi obalulekile womzimba. Bathuthukiswa ngokwengqondo, ngesazi esifanele sokukhulisa kahle inkambo eyinhloko yokuqeqeshwa. Ama-Masciffs anomusa omkhulu kumnikazi, aphathe kabi isizungu, akuvamile futhi kancane lat. Ngokungafani nokhokho bayo basendulo, ama-mole anamuhla avela eBrithani anomlingiswa olinganiselayo, ongenamkhawulo.
Babhekwa njengenye yezilwane ezifuywayo ezithembekile kunazo zonke ezithandwa kakhulu e-United States naseYurophu.
Ngisho esemncane kakhulu ngalezi zinja zibonakaliswa ngokupha ngokunyakaza. I-phlegmology yesilwane ibonakala kuphela - izinja ezinkulu zinobungane kakhulu kubantu, ziboshelwe kakhulu emndenini walowo mnikazi futhi zilungele ukukuvikela kunoma yiziphi izinsongo. Ukubonakaliswa kwemizwa emnene kungaholela emiphumeleni engalindelekile kakhulu. Izinja zivame ukukhohlwa ngobukhulu babo obukhulu futhi zilwele ukukhuphuka umnikazi wamadolo. Ngomsindo wama-70 kg, i-mastif yesiNgisi iba umthwalo obaluleke kakhulu. Kungakho kumi kusukela ebuntwaneni ukumlumula ekubonisweni okucacile okusobala kwemizwa.
Ama-Masciffs azizwa elungile kuphela ngokunakwa ngokwanele. Kunconywa ukuqala umndeni omkhulu, lapho inja izothola ukunakwa ngokwanele. Ukuhlala isikhathi eside kuphela, isiqhwaga esinesithukuthezi singaba yinkinga enkulu. Ukubopha futhi ngeke ahluphe, kepha kungenzeka asebenzise kabi impahla. Akudingekile ukukhathazeka ngokuhamba - Ama-Mastiffs English awathathi amahlumela futhi abuyele njalo kumnikazi wawo.
Imvelo yezokuphepha kanye nomuzwa wensimu yakhe ezinjeni zalolu hlobo lwazi yathuthukiswa kahle kakhulu. Izilwane zivikela umhawu insimu yazo, emangalisa abanye abantu. Kepha abahambisani kahle nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, bangakhombisa umhawu. Kodwa-ke, inja elethwe kahle iyakwazi ukwamukela ubukhona ensimini eyodwa nekati. Ama-Massiffs aseBrithani ayisixazululo esibi somndeni onezingane ezincane. Ngisho umdlwane, ubukhulu buhle kakhulu ukwehlisa noma baphoqe ingane. IBig Molos inzima ngokwengeziwe ukweba endlini noma efulethini, lapha ukuphazamiseka lapha kuzobona wonke amalungu omndeni.
Ungayikhetha kanjani umdlwane?
Ngaphambi kokufunda izici zemidlwane yohlobo lwe-mastiff, kuyadingeka ukubheka ukuthi le nja izodinga izimo ezinhle zokuqukethwe. Isilwane kufanele sibe nenkululeko yokunyakaza, sithola ukuzikhandla komzimba njalo. Ngokuvamile, isidingo somsebenzi womzimba asiphezulu kakhulu, ama-mastiffs aseBrithani alungele kahle abantu abahola indlela yokuphila ephansi. Mayelana nemidlalo eFrisbee, ukulungiswa noma izilwane ezifuywayo ezingenangqondo zebhayisekili kungcono ukhohlwe kangcono. Isici esihlukile sezinja sihlukaniswa okuchichimayo kwamathe, akulungile ekudleni, ngenkathi ukulala izikhala.
Lokhu kuzofanela kuhambisane nalo mncane kakhulu isilwane.
Ngokuqondene nokukhethwa okuqondile kwengane ye-mastiff yesiNgisi, kufanelekile ukucubungula izincomo eziningi zabafuyi abanolwazi.
- Khetha isilwane esizayo simi enkulisa esemthethweni. Udinga ukunaka i-pedigree, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlelwe ukubeka inja ngokuzayo, uyisebenzise ngokuzala. I-Big Plus izoba umsuka wabakhiqizi baseMelika.
- Uhlobo lwenja othambekele ekubuseni emazingeni ofuzo lubaluleke kakhulu. Emndenini onezingane kungcono ukukhetha ingane ngentukuthelo ethuthuke kakhulu, ethambile. Kepha isilwane esinamahloni akufanele siqale - umdlwane onjalo uthathwa njengomshado wesizwe.
- Uma sekuvele ezinye izilwane endlini, kufanelekile ukuthatha umngcele wobulili obuhlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfuyi uqobo kufanele abe nesipiliyoni ekuqukethwe kwezinja ezinkulu, uma kungenjalo izinkinga zokuziphatha zizongenakugwenywa.
- Iminyaka efanelekile yokukhethwa kweTuppy kusuka kumama yinyanga engu-1.5-3. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuhlangane ngokwanele ukuthola umnikazi.
- Ukuhlolwa okubukwayo ngaphambi kokuthenga i-puppy kuyadingeka. Isilwane esifuywayo esizayo akufanele sibe namaphutha asobala kanye neziphambeko zentuthuko. Ibalulekile nesimo sempilo. Ekhaleni elomile, uvolo, umphumela emehlweni - isizathu sokwenqaba ukuthenga. Yebo, uma uthola ukubona abazali bezinjana, thola isitifiketi sokugoma.
Kubalulekile! Uma singakhulumi ngemisebenzi yokubukisa, ungathenga isazi sesiNgisi ngephutha elincane lokufuya. Izinja kuphela ezithengwa ukuzalanisa, ezifanele ngokuphelele ezingeni, nge-pedigree enhle nabazali abanesihloko esibi.
Ukondla
Inhlangano yokudla okulungile ibalulekile ekukhuleni kwama-mastiffs e-English Mastiffs. Isilwane esikhulu kusukela ebuntwaneni kudinga ukuthi i-calorie, ngokudla okulinganiselayo. Ukhetho oluphelele lubhekwa njengesilinganiso esiqediwe sesigaba se-premium. Kufanele kukhethwe phakathi kokuphakelayo kwezinto ezinkulu ezivela kubakhiqizi baseYurophu futhi bacabangele iminyaka yobudala be-pet.
Ukudla kwemvelo kuvumelane nama-mastiffs yesiNgisi, kepha ngemikhawulo ethile. Inja idinga ukulungiswa okugcwele kwamavithamini kanye nama-mineral Addtitives. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuxhumana kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuphakelwa akwamukeleki. Kulimaza impilo yesilwane futhi kungaholela ekuphulweni komsebenzi wepheshana lokugaya ukudla.
Imvamisa yokudla kufanele icabangele izici zeminyaka yezilwane, okungukuthi:
- Kusukela ku-1 kuye ku-4 izinyanga zemidlwane zithola ukudla izikhathi ezi-5 ngosuku;
- Kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha, ukudla kufanele kube ama-quadras;
- Kuze kube unyaka wama-massuffs, ukukondla ibhulakufesi, kwasemini kanye nesidlo sakusihlwa;
- Isilwane esidala sanele ukudla kabili ngosuku.
Khipha ekudleni kwenja kulandela imikhiqizo eminingana. Ngakho-ke, ngokuthola izinyanga ezi-4, ama-mastiffs wesiNgisi akufanele athole ubisi. Noma yimiphi imikhiqizo enama-carbohydrate aphezulu, inyama enamafutha (iwundlu, ingulube), izitsha ezibukhali, amathambo okushubhu, izinhlanzi zomfula azivunyelwe. Noma imaphi amaswidi, abhemayo, izitshalo ze-legumes azifakwanga. Udinga ukubopha inja njalo, amanzi nsuku zonke ashintsha endishini. Ukukhetha okuhle kuzoba yimikhiqizo emabhodlweni engagcwalisiwe. Ukuqanjwa kwamaminerali kwalo kuthinta kangcono impilo yenja.
Isihe
Ekuqukethwe kwe-mastiff yesiNgisi, ukunakekelwa kwenja akumeleli ubunzima obuningi. Izilwane ezinezinwele ezimfishane zidinga ukuhlanganisa okujwayelekile - cishe izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngenyanga. Ngesikhathi sesikhathi semvukuzane, izinqubo zokuhlanzeka kufanele ziphindwe kaningi. Njengendlela yokunakekela, kufakwa ibhulashi elinamabhulathi aqinile aqanjiwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinja zalolu hlobo lokuzalela kufakwa kwi-Pojo - amagilavu we-silicone plated ngendlela yezikhala futhi azifanele. Faka i-Wool Gloss kuzosiza ukucutshungulwa kwe-suede noma i-vengeal.
Imvamisa ukugeza izilwane ezifuywayo nakho akunconywa. Uma inja ingathintanga nemithombo eqinile yokungcola, kwanele ukusebenzisa ama-shampoos owomile ezindaweni zonke, okuvumela ukususa amanoni nothuli. Ngokugeza okugcwele kwenja, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ama-shampoos akhethekile ahloselwe izilwane.
Ngemuva kokugeza, i-mastiff idinga ukushisa, okusalungiswa kuvusa amakhaza ayingozi ezifuywayo.
Ukuntuleka kwemvamisa yokugeza nhlobo nkinga ezinye izinqubo zokuhlanzeka. Ukusongwa kwesihlakala se-mastif yamaNgisi kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Ngaphakathi imibimbi ingahlehlisa izinsalela, ukujuluka nokukhethwa kwamafutha. Ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala, kuyadingeka ukusula ngokushesha wonke amafolda nge-flap emanzi yendaba noma ye-hypoallergenic Hygivic Napkins.
Ngemuva kokuhlala emgwaqweni, ukuhlolwa kufanele kubhekwe ezindlebeni zenja. Ingxenye yabo yangaphakathi idinga ukusulwa nge-swab kakotini, ekhishwe kwikhambi le-boric acid. Amehlo ahlanzwa nsuku zonke, ukusuka ekhoneni elingaphakathi leso, izigaxa eziqoqiwe zokulahlekelwa zigezwa ngediski emanzi ukusuka e-cotton wool oswakanyiswe itiye noma chamomile.
Uma ukukhethwa okuvela emehlweni futhi izindlebe zishintsha iphunga, imvelo kanye nenala, kuyadingeka ukuxhumana nezinsizakalo zodokotela wezilwane ukusungula imbangela yezinkinga.
Amazinyo amakhulu we-Mastiff yesiNgisi adinga ukuhlanzwa masonto onke. Ngenxa yokuluma okungalungile, isimilo saloluhlobo, ubungozi bokuthuthuka kwama-caries buphakeme kakhulu kunabanye abamele umhlaba wenja. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukucutshungulwa kwe-koqweqwe lwawo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-paste akhethekile namabhulashi noma i-nozzle yeminwe. Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ematendeni angemuva - ukwenza lula inqubo, isilwane kufanele samukelwe kwinqubo yobudala be-puppy. Izibalo zomqunga nazo zidinga ukunakwa. Uma inja inobude bobude bawo incike kakhulu, ukufunwa kwe-burdown ungqimba kusetshenziswa kusetshenziswa izithombo ezikhethekile ezithuthukisiwe ngokuhambisana nokuzibandakanya kwezilwane. Njengoba ama-mastiffs yesiNgisi awehlukile othandweni lokuhamba ibanga elide, akufanele ukubalwa ukuhlukaniswa okungokwemvelo kwezihlakala.
Ezemfundo Nokuqeqeshwa
Njengasezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu, ama-mastiffs e-English ngesikhathi sobuntwana kubambezeleka kakhulu. Ubukhulu obukhulu bayakhohlisa - inja izoba ngenhla, ithumbulo, lonakalisa izinto. Ubudoda obukhethiwe akufanele bubonakale njengesizathu sokuphakamisa isilwane. Ukuzalela kuthambekele ekubuseni, okubonisa izici zobuholi babo. Kungakho ekuqeqesheni kusukela ngosuku lokuqala kufanele ubonise ubulukhuni obuthile. Ukuvimbela imizamo yokunqamula ilungelo lobuholi kufanele lenzeke kuphela emthanjeni onokuthula, ngaphandle kolaka. Ama-Mastiffs English akufanele ashaye, angenele ngesithunzi sawo.
Inja kufanele yazi indawo yakhe endlini, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ihlala isilwane sakho osithandayo esithola ukunakekelwa futhi sinakekele.
Impumelelo ekuqeqeshweni kuncike kakhulu kwizici zomlingiswa, ubuhlakani besilwane esithile. Ama-Mastiffs amaningi amnandi futhi ngentokozo ukunikeza amaqembu amasha, abonise amaqhinga. Kepha inkambo eyisisekelo yokulalela kumele iphasise inja ngayinye - ngaphandle kwawo, akunakwenzeka ukubhekana nesilwane esifuywayo. Ukunakwa okubaluleke kakhulu ezifundweni kufanele kunikezwe ukukhuthaza isilwane ngenkathi ufunda amaqembu amasha. Ama-Giants aseBrithani aqondakala kahle ngenani lobuhle futhi abonise ngokuzithandela umzamo wokukuthola.
Ama-Mastiffs - Ukuzalela okudinga ukugcinwa okuqinile kosuku losuku. Amakilasi ayanconywa ntambama, ngaphambi kokudla nokuzijabulisa. Inja kuleli cala isindisa isimo esanele nokugxila. Isikhathi esinconyiwe sokuqeqeshwa okungenani imizuzu engama-60. Kunconywa amakilasi okuqala ngokuphindaphinda kwezinto ezidlulile.
Akufanele uphoqelele isilwane ukuthi sisebenzise amaqembu ngenhloso yokuzijabulisa - isilwane sihlukanisa kahle umgqokiso kwalezo zikhathi lapho zilandelwa imiyalo yomnikazi.
Isimilo sohlobo lwesakhiwo sesiNgisi kuvidiyo engezansi.