I-aquarium iyimvelo yokufakelwa, lapho enye yezindawo eziphambili ingenhlabathi. Isihlabathi esisezingeni eliphakeme sidlala indima ebalulekile emsebenzini obalulekile wazo zonke izidalwa ezihlala futhi zikhula kuyo. Ekukhetheni kwale ngxenye yemvelo kufanele iphathwe Ngezidingo ezikhethekile Ukuhlinzeka ngokoqobo lokuhlunga okungokwemvelo, kanye nama-microorganisms, izitshalo nezilwane kuyindawo yokukhosela nendawo yokuhlala.
Izici Nemisebenzi
I-substrate enesihlabathi yayigcwele ama-aquariums ngokulula kokunakekelwa nokufinyeleleka. Ithole indawo yayo yezidalwa ezilula kakhulu. Izinzuzo zenhlabathi enesihlabathi zifaka lezi zici ezilandelayo:
- Ukutholakala okuhle kwezitshalo ze-aquarium;
- ukukhula okujwayelekile kokutshala okuluhlaza;
- Kulula ukuhlanza phansi kwesihlabathi;
- Ukugcwaliseka kwayo yonke imisebenzi yemvelo;
- Inketho ekahle yesisindo sezidalwa ezingezansi, ezingacabangi izimpilo zazo ngaphandle kokumba i-substrate ekhanyayo;
- Ngokwemvelo nokubukeka kwesikhalo.
Isihlabathi se-aquarium asinawo ama-pros kuphela, kodwa ezinye amaminithi:
- Ukugeza nokulungiselela, udinga ukwenza inqubo eyodwa ebanzi;
- Lolu hlobo lomhlabathi ludinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, uma kungenjalo ukunqwabelana kukadoti kungenzeka;
- Ezinye izinhlobo zesihlabathi ziyakwazi ukuguqula ingxenye yamakhemikhali yamanzi;
- Lolu hlobo lwe-substrate luqukethe inani elincane lezakhi zomsoco ezingahlali zanele ukukhula kwezitshalo, ngezikhathi ezithile kuzodingeka ukwenza ukondla.
Izinhlobo
Kuze kube manje, abanikazi bama-aquariums bangakhetha enye yezinhlobo zesihlabathi Kuya ngezimpawu zayo.
- Umfula . Lesi sakhiwo se-aquarium senziwe isikhathi eside. Ngokusho kwabanye ochwepheshe, lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengolunye oluhle kakhulu. Isihlabathi somfula asikwazi ukuthenga kuphela esitolo esikhethekile, kodwa futhi futhi ukuze sizishayele ebhange lomfula, bese sihlwaya.
- Nautical. Ukuze uthole i-ecosystem yamanzi ahlanzekile, inketho ehlonishwayo izoba isihlabathi esikhulu, esihlanganiswe kusuka olwandle. Ngaphambi kokuyithumela e-aquarium, i-substrate ihlinzwe kahle futhi yahlaziswa, ngaleyo ndlela iqede usawoti nokunye ukungcola. Esikhathini esingajwayelekile kusuka olwandle ezansi kwe-aquarium, izitshalo nezinto eziphilayo zikhula ngokuphelele futhi zizalela. Ku-marine aquarium kunconyelwa ukubeka isihlabathi esithi "bukhoma". Kulokhu okuhlukile kwe-substrate kungaqukatha amakoloni ama-microorganisms avela olwandle.
Ngaphandle kokudlula kwenqubo yokumisa, baqala ngokushesha ukusungula ibhalansi yamanzi. Emoyeni "bukhoma" isihlabathi sifa ngokushesha, ngokufanele, akunakwenzeka ukukugcina.
- Ikholali . I-aragitic substrate itholakala ngokuhlehlisa izinsalela ezincane zeCoral, i-Mollusk. Lesi sihlabathi sinesamba esikhulu se-calcium ekubukeni kwaso kunobuvintu obunamanzi. ICoral Crumb ingathengwa ngezingxenyana ezahlukahlukene, isukela kokuncane kakhulu. Inketho engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa kwayo kuzoba yi-Marine ne-Pseudomo ngezansi, kanye ne-alkaline yemvelo yokufakelwa.
- Mhlophe. Abanikazi be-aquarium bangahlobisa indawo yokugcina imfucumfucu yayisihlabathi esimhlophe nesinemibala. Njengoba leli substrate lingaba nemvelaphi ehlukile, akulona umphumela esimweni samanzi esihlokweni semvelo. Isihlabathi esimhlophe singaba umfula, ulwandle, i-arragonite, i-quartz. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-substrate, kufanelekile ukufunda ngokucophelela imithetho yokusebenzisa kwayo.
- I-quartz emnyama. Ngenxa yobukhona esihlabathini sase-Ilmenite, uMagnetite, i-hematite ngamaphesenti ahlukene esihlabathi athola umbala omnyama.
Akukho mkhawulo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-substrate enjalo, akufaki nesandla ekushintsheni izici zemvelo yasemanzini. Ngokungafani nenguqulo emhlophe, emnyama yinzuzo igcizelela ukubukeka kwezinto eziphilayo nezitshalo ngemuva kwayo.
- Umbala . Ukuqhamuka ingaphakathi le-aquarium, ungasebenzisa isihlabathi esinemibala. Ngalo, isilwane singathola indawo ekhanyayo futhi engajwayelekile ethangini. Ngaphambi kokuthenga isihlabathi esingewona isihlabathi, kufanelekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela izici zayo ngokucophelela, ngaleyo ndlela uqiniseke ukuthi akunangozi kwabakhileyo e-ecosystem. Izithunzi ze-substrate enjalo zingaba zithandwa kakhulu ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, zemabula, amapomegranate, ophuzi, onsundu kanye nsundu kanye nsomi.
Ungakukhetha kanjani?
Ukuze wethule i-aquarium entsha futhi uzuze ukusebenza kwayo okujwayelekile, kufanele ube ne-substrate ephezulu kakhulu. Lapho ukhetha isihlabathi, kufanele ucabangele ingxenyenamba yayo, imvelaphi nobukhulu bengqimba.
Akudingekile ukuthi unake kuphela isakhi sokuhlobisa, lokhu akwanele ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-aquarium.
Izici zesihlabathi okufanele zibhekwe lapho zikhetha i-substrate ye-aquarium.
- Ingxenyenamba. Ungakhethi isihlabathi se-microscopic noma ngengxenye enkulu kakhulu. Usayizi ofanele uthathwa njenge-1, ama-milimeters angama-5-2. Uma nje leli thuna lingaphansi, i-aetation, ukuqina kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane kwenzeka. Uma amatshe amatshe akhulu kakhulu, umhlahlandlela we-organic ugezwa kabi kuwo, futhi izimila zikwenza kahle ngokwanele.
- Ubukhulu besendlalelo sesihlabathi Ngokufanele kufanele kusuka kumamilimitha ayi-4 kuye kwayi-6. Le nkomba inomthelela ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezidalwa eziphilayo nezitshalo ku-ecosystem yemvelo yokufakelwa.
- Uhlobo lwesihlabathi. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi isihlabathi sababomvu no-ophuzi sikulo ulwazi lwalo inani elikhulu lensimbi. I-limestone crumb ingaphula ukuqina kwebhalansi yamanzi, ezobhubhisa izidalwa zasemanzini.
Ungakulungiselela kanjani?
Ngaphambi kokubeka ku-aquarium, kuyadingeka ukucubungula izakhi zayo ngakunye. Ukuze uqede ukuba khona kwama-microorganisms ayingozi, kufanelekile ukwenza izinqubo ezithile.
- Hlanganisa ukuxubana nemikhiqizo ngaphansi kwamanzi okugeleza. Kulokhu, isihlabathi sithululelwa esitsheni futhi sigezwa ngaphansi kwejet eqinile kakhulu. Kulokhu, kudinga ukushukunyiswa ngesandla. I-substrate ayikhululiwe kumuntu wangaphandle.
- Ukuphatha isihlabathi esishisayo kuyadingeka ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwesigaba sokuqala sokuhlanza. I-substrate ibilisiwe imizuzu engama-25.
- Kungenzeka ufunde isihlabathi kuhhavini emazingeni okushisa angama-150 ama-degrees imizuzu engama-30.
- Ukususa ama-phosphates ngokweqile, ungaphatha i-substrate ngesisombululo samaphesenti angama-30 se-citric acid, bese uhlanza ngamanzi agelezayo.
Ukwehluleka kwesihlabathi nokunakekelwa okulandelayo
Shayela isihlabathi esidilikiwe ku-aquarium usebenzisa ipulasitiki. Ngaphansi kwemvelo yemvelo ingabekwa engxenyeni ye-peat kanye nezakhamzimba. Isihlabathi kufanele sithululelwe e-aquarium lapho kungekho khona amanzi, ngenkathi enza umthambeka ohlangothini lwangaphambili. Okokuqala, kufanelekile isihlabathi sengxenyana enkulu, emva kwalokho kuncane. Ubukhulu besendlalelo sangesihlabathi sangaphambilini bungaba ngamamilimitha angama-20, namamilimitha angama-80 angemuva.
Ngenye indlela, ungakha ukwakheka kwezinga eliningi, usebenzisa ama-Pebbles.
Akuyona imfihlo yokuthi imfucuza yezinhlanzi inobuthi, ingcolisa amanzi kanye ne-substrate, ngakho-ke kufanele ikhishwe njalo. Ngemuva kokuqala i-aquarium kuze kube yilapho ukuhlanza kokuqala kungadlula izinsuku ezingama-30. Izinqubo ezilandelayo zokuhlanza zingenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngenyanga eyodwa noma ezimbili. Uma amanzi emnyama nokuhlushwa kuvela, akufanele wethuke futhi uhlanze i-aquarium nsuku zonke.
Lonke i-precipitate, etholakala ku-aquarium, ingasuswa kusetshenziswa ukuhlanzwa okuphelele, khona-ke kuzodingeka ukuthi ususe izinhlanzi nezitshalo isikhashana bese uzibeka kwesinye isitsha. Kulokhu, isihlabathi siyagezwa ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo. Izinqubo ezinjalo zikufanele ukuzivocavoca njalo ngonyaka. Hlanza isihlabathi endaweni yezemvelo yokufakelwa usebenzisa ama-siphons ajwayelekile. Ngosizo lwe-funnelber ye-tube, kufanelekile i-substrate ukuze ujike, ngenkathi ukungcola kudabukisa ku-tube.
Ungasinakekela kanjani isihlabathi esincane ku-aquarium, uzofunda kuvidiyo elandelayo.