Ngakho-ke, unqume ukuhlomisa i-aquarium futhi uthole izinhlanzi. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zemvelo yokufakelwa, okuyi-aquarium, yinhlabathi. Uma ekhethwe ngokungalungile, amanzi azohlasela ngokushesha, nezinhlanzi kanye ne-algae - izimpande futhi afe. Kokuqukethwe kwethu uzothola izincomo ezidingekayo zokukhetha uhlobo lomhlabathi, ukulungiswa kwalo kanye nokubeka, kanye nokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo.
Izidingo Eziyinhloko
Cabanga ngezidingo eziyisisekelo okumele kuthunyelwe enhlabathini ngaphambi kokuyithenga.
- Kufanele ube nesakhiwo se-porous. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuzungeze umoya phakathi kwezinhlayiya zenhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela wakhe indlela enhle yokuba khona kwama-microorganisms. Lawa ama-microorganisms ayakwazi ukuvuselela izinsalela zokuphakelwa kanye nokuchitha izinhlanzi. Kulokhu, izinqubo ze-putrid azenzeki, ama-microorganism ayingozi awakhiwa, futhi amanzi ahlala ahlanzekile isikhathi eside.
- I-substrate izoba yinto ekahle, usayizi wezinhlayiyana wazo asukela ku-2 kuye ku-5 mm. Uma izinhlayiya zikhulu, khona-ke inhlanzi kuzoba nzima ukukhipha ngaphambi kwayo. Inhlabathi equkethe izinhlayiya ezincane ingaphonswa inselelo, izinqubo zokubola zizoqala. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwezinhlanzi nezitshalo.
- Izinhlayiya kumele zizungezwe, ngaphandle kwemishwana. Emakoneni abukhali kungazalwa izinhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlayiya ezinobuqili zinamandla okuncika.
- Izinhlayiya ezingaphansi komhlaba kumele zibe cishe okufanayo. Uma uxuba amatshe amatshe amancane ngesihlabathi, khona-ke ungagweme izinqubo eziqinile.
- Izinhlayiya zenhlabathi kumele zisinde kakhulu Ukuze izitshalo zibagcine ziphilile futhi bekufanele ku-Siphon.
- I-substrate akufanele ikhombe noma yiziphi izinto. , faka noma uvuse noma yikuphi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ku-aquarium.
- Inketho ekahle uma inhlabathi ikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze i-PH edingekayo futhi futhi yagcwala izakhi zezitshalo.
Izinhlobo
Zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi zingakwazi ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ama-3 amakhulu.
- Ngokwemvelo. I-substrate enjalo iqukethe izinto zemvelo ezingazange zidlule noma yikuphi ukucubungula. Izitshalo ezivela kuso azikwazi ukuthola noma yiziphi izakhi zomzimba, ngakho-ke umanyolo ongeziwe uyadingeka. Uma i-substrate enjalo ilele e-aquarium ngaphezulu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, khona-ke phansi kwenzeke i-med med kanye nomanyolo ayisadingeki. Lolu hlobo lomhlabathi luhlanganisa isihlabathi, amatshe amatshe, i-quartz, itshe elichotshoziwe kanye namatshe amatshe.
- I-Mechan. Leli qembu lifaka ama-substrates, futhi eliqukethe izinto zemvelo, noma kunjalo, selidlulile ukucubungula kwemishini.
- Ubuciko. Lesi sigaba sehlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili. Owokuqala kufaka phakathi inhlabathi evikelekile yepulasitiki nengilazi. Iqembu lesibili lifaka inhlabathi yokudla okunempilo. Isetshenziswa kuma-Aquariums aseDashi, lapho izinhlanzi zingasekelwe khona, kepha zitshala kuphela izitshalo.
Ngakho-ke, cabanga ngezinhlobo zenhlabathi ezithandwa kakhulu.
- Isihlabathi. Kunezinhlobo ezithile zezinhlanzi lapho isihlabathi esifanelekile esiyisihlabathi esifanele. Kuyo, izakhamizi ze-aquarium zenza ama-minks, zizoqhekeka futhi zize zisebenzele umsebenzi wohlelo lokugaya ukudla. Ezitshalweni, isihlabathi futhi sihle ngoba sivumela izimpande ukuba zibambe kahle. Konke ukungcola, njengomthetho, hlalani ebusweni, ngakho-ke kulula ukuwahlanza. Isihlabathi se-aquarium singasolwandle, umfula, i-quartz, i-aronite emhlophe, emnyama, ephila.
- Amatshe amatshe. Kuyinto engaphansi evamile. Ingasetshenziswa amatshe amatshe asolwandle futhi atholakala ogwini lomfula. Emhlabathini omuhle, ophephile. Ungakhetha usayizi wezinhlayiyana ngokuya ngomklamo we-aquarium.
- Emhlabathini onempilo. Izitolo zezilwane zithengiswa inhlabathi ekhethekile, okuyingxube ye-peat, umanyolo wamaminerali, amagciwane kanye ne-porous impahla. Ikakhulu le substrate ilungele izitshalo ze-aquarium.
- Inhlabathi emnyama. Kudume kakhulu phakathi kwama-aquarists, ngoba ngemvelaphi yakhe, izinhlanzi ezinemibala zibukeka zinhle kakhulu. I-substrate esetshenzisiwe isuka ku-basalt, i-granite, i-zhungitis. Kodwa-ke, lo mhlabathi unganikeza amanzi umthunzi omubi ompunga. Okuhlukile yi-quartz, akungcolisi amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele sikhohlwe ngezindawo ezibukwayo ze-substrate enjalo eyingozi ekudonseni nasezitshalweni. Inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi futhi idinga umanyolo owengeziwe.
- Inhlabathi emhlophe. Imvamisa kuvame ukuba yi-limestone noma yemabula. Kwenza amanzi aqinile ngokwengeziwe, engafanele zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ithola i-brownish noma i-tint eluhlaza okotshani, engangezi ama-aesthetics kwi-aquarium yakho.
- Emhlabathini onemibala. Enziwe kakhulu ngengilazi nepulasitiki. Kungaba yi-ceramic. Yenza indima kuphela yokuhlobisa, azikho izakhiwo eziwusizo ezithwala.
Abanye abaqalayo ama-aquarists azama ukusebenzisa umhlaba njengento engaphansi komhlaba. Lokhu akunakwenzeka ngokwengxenye ukwenza lokhu. Kuzodala izinqubo zokubola, amanzi azotheleleka ngama-microorganisms ayingozi futhi zonke izinhlanzi nezitshalo zizokufa. Kufanelekile ukuncamela enye yezinhlobo ze-substrate okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla.
Ukukala okuhle kakhulu
Cabanga ngama-substrates amakhulu angahlangana kakhulu esitolo."Floraton"
Elinye igama yi-Dutch Primer ye-aquarium. Izinhlayiya zinesimo esiyindilinga esingaba ngu-1.5-1.7 mm. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwamakhona abukhali, inhlabathi enjalo ilungele kahle ama-aquarium lapho kuhlala khona izinhlanzi ezingezansi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Uhlobo lwe-substrate luhlinzeka nge-permeability yamanzi enhle, ayikuvumeli ukuthi igxishwe, iqinisekise izimo ezikhona ze-microorganisms Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha imfucuza yenhlanzi yenhlanzi. Le primer ingabizwa ngokuthi isihlungi se-bio. Umbala wakhe onsundu uvumelana kahle ne-algae. Intengo yamalitha ayi-3.3 amabanga ukusuka kuma-ruble angama-800 kuya kwayi-1000.
JBL Manado.
Kwenziwe nge-ceramisaisit - ubumba olushisiwe. Izinhlayiya zingosayizi 0.5-2 mm. I-substrate nayo ayinayo imiphetho ebukhali, iphephile izinhlanzi nezitshalo. Inamandla okukhetha okuseleyo komanyolo, kanye nokushoda ukuze ubabuyisele. Uhlelo lwezimpande ze-algae lukhula kahle emhlabathini onjalo. Njengoba i-substrate yenziwe ngobumba, kungukukhanya. Uma uphila izinhlanzi e-aquarium - abathandi ukumba emhlabathini, izitshalo kufanele zixhunywe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunzima ukwenza okufakwe phansi nge-substrate enjalo, ngoba iyahamba. Elula ekuhlanzeni. Ngokwesilinganiso, izindleko zama-5 kg cishe ama-ruble angama-850.
Udeco, i-gravel emhlophe yemvelo
Igama liyazikhulumela. Lona umfula wabamhlophe. Kuphephile inhlanzi ngoba inemvelaphi yemvelo. Usayizi wezingxenye kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-5 mm. Le substrate igcina umbala omhlophe ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi eside. Kwandisa ukuqina kwamanzi, kepha uma izilwane zakho ezifuywayo zingama-cichlid, zizobazuzisa. I-substrate enjalo ayitholakali ngekhono. Izindleko ezijwayelekile ze-3.2 kg zingama-ruble ayi-123.
Barbus "hlanganisa"
Lolu hlobo lomhlabathi lwenziwe ngemabula imvuthuluka. I-substrate enjalo ingaba mhlophe, imnyama futhi inemibala. Ubukhulu bezingxenye buhlukahlukene futhi. Ithengiswa njengencane (2-5 mm) futhi inkulu kakhulu - kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-10 mm. Kulokhu, azobukeka kahle ezansi kwe-aquarium encane nenkulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Umbala Manifold ikuvumela ukuthi udale umklamo wakho . Kodwa-ke, izinhlayiya zingakhulisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Le substrate inyusa ubulukhuni lwamanzi ngezinga elincane, kepha iliphephile kakhulu izinhlanzi nezitshalo. Intengo ye-1 kg ingama-ruble angama-65.
I-Power Sand Special M
Lolu hlobo lomhlabathi lulungele i-aquarium ngenani elikhulu le-algae. I-substrate enjalo iqukethe inhlanganisela ye-peat, impahla ye-porous, ama-microorganisms asebenzayo kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali. Izinhlayiya zenhlabathi zingusayizi olandelayo - s, m, l. Ukukhetha, udinga ukuqhubeka ngosayizi nokujula kwe-aquarium. Ngaphezulu kwalesi sigaba esingezansi, kuyadingeka ukubeka ungqimba lomhlabathi oyinhloko. Ngosuku olufanayo, lapho ulale i-substrate e-aquarium, akunakwenzeka ukuxazulula izinhlanzi. Bangafa ngenxa yokukhishwa kwe-nitrogenous. Kufanele kukhethwe lapho ukwakheka kwamanzi kuzozinza. Intengo ye-6 kg yenhlabathi enjalo imayelana nama-ruble angama-4,000.
Ukuxubana kwe-deponit.
Le primer iyingxube yesihlabathi se-quartz, ubumba, peat, umanyolo wamaminerali. Isetshenziswa ngenhlabathi enkulu futhi isebenza njenge-substrate. Ilungele kahle zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi nezitshalo. Kodwa-ke, uma uthatha isinqumo sokusebenzisa le substrate, kuyadingeka ukutshala ngokushesha i-aquarium ngezimila, uma kungenjalo amagciwane aqukethe kulo mhlabathi azokwenza ukukhula ngokushesha kwe-algae. Amanye ama-aquarists aphawula ukuthi le ncwadi engezansi kwesinye isikhathi ingenza ngezinye izikhathi. Izindleko ezingama-4,8 kg zingama-ruble angama-1600.
UDeco Sea Coral.
Yenziwe ngemvuthuluka yamakhorali. Ubukhulu bezingxenye ngu-11-30 mm. Iyakwazi ukukhulisa ubulukhuni lwamanzi, ngakho-ke ilungele kahle i-cickid. I-substrate enhle engasebenza njengomhlobiso we-aquarium. Izindleko ezimaphakathi zama-6 kg zingama-ruble angama-650.
"Inhlabathi Eco"
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zisebenzela imabula imvuthuluka. Ungathola le ncwadi engezansi yemibala ehlukahlukene nosayizi. Iqhaza eliphambili e-aquarium lihlobisa. Kukhulisa kancane izinga lokuqina kwamanzi. Izindleko ze-3.5 kg zingama-ruble angama-170.
Ungakukhetha kanjani?
Lapho ukhetha inhlabathi nge-aquarium yayo, kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka kusuka kule mibandela elandelayo.Ukubuka kwezinhlanzi nosayizi
Inhlanzi encane, inhlabathi encane kunazo zonke efanelekile. Kodwa-ke, akufanele ukhohlwe ngezici zezinhlanzi ezithile zezinhlayiya ezingaphansi. Uma unezilwane ezifuywayo ngqo, kufanelekile ukuthenga inhlabathi enkulu, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoholela ekufeni kwabantu. Uma izinhlanzi zakho zithanda ukungcwatshwa engxenyeni engezansi, khona-ke kungcono ukukhetha isihlabathi. I-gamut yemibala yenhlabathi ayibaluleke kangako, noma kunjalo, iningi lezinhlanzi libukeka kangcono ngemuva. I-White Substrate nesikhathi ungashintsha umbala onsundu noma uluhlaza okotshani.
Ukukhetha i-substrate yengilazi ehlukahlukene, ependiwe noma yokuhlobisa, zama ukungakusebenzisi ngokweqile ukuze ungaphazanyiswa ezinhlanzi.
Izitshalo zezitshalo
Kubo, inhlabathi kufanele ibe nekonakala, kanye nohlelo lwezimpande kufanele lubanjwe. Izitshalo eziningi zilungele izinhlayiya ezincane noma eziphakathi. Inhlabathi yemvelo yemvelo ingcono kakhulu.
Ungabala kanjani inani elifanele?
Ungqimba olungaphansi komhlaba akufanele lube mncane kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho luzoyeka ukwenza indima yalo. I-Optimal ubukhulu bengqimba kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-10 cm. Uma une-aquarium ngaphandle kwezitshalo noma izitshalo, akukho mpande edingekayo, khona-ke izokwanela 2 cm. Uma izitshalo zakho zinohlelo oluncane lwezimpande, khona-ke zidinga i-3-5 cm yenhlabathi. Lapho kukhula izitshalo ezinkulu ngohlelo olukhulu lwezimpande, kungahle kudingeke kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-10 cm of the substrate.
Ukwenza ukubalwa kumakhilogremu, ungasebenzisa ifomula ekhethekile m = 1000p * N * v: c,
- lapho m ubukhulu benhlabathi;
- p - ubungako obuthile;
- V - ivolumu;
- n ukuphakama kwenhlabathi;
- C ukuphakama kwe-aquarium.
Leli yifomula yendawo yonke, evumela ukuthi unqume ukuthi mangaki amakhilogremu omhlabathi adingeka womabili e-aquarium encane, ngokwesibonelo, umthamo wamalitha angama-20 nakumalitha angama-200.
Ithebula elithile lokuqina lingatholakala kwi-Intanethi. Kodwa-ke, uma wesaba ukuba nephutha, ungasebenzisa umshini wokubala online ukubala inani lenhlabathi ku-aquarium.
Amalungiselelo
Ngakho-ke, ukhethe inhlabathi, ubale inani elidingekayo bese uyithenga. Ngaphambi kokuwela phansi i-substrate ku-aquarium, kufanele ilungiswe.
Ukulungiselela kuqukethe izigaba eziningana.
- Ukugcwala. Geza inhlabathi ulandela ngebhakede lepulasitiki ezingxenyeni ezincane kuze kube yilapho amanzi esobala. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokugcina isikhathi, qala ukugeza wonke umhlabathi ngokushesha, khona-ke ubeka engcupheni ukukwenza kabi.
- Ukubulala amagciwane. Ngemuva kokugezwa ngenhlabathi, kufanele ibulawe amagciwane, ukuze ungafaki izibungu namagciwane ayingozi ku-aquarium yawo. Ukubulala amagciwane kwenziwa ngokubilisa. Bilisa imizuzu engu-15, bese ukhanyisa ngamanzi afudumele. Emva kwalokho, inhlabathi ifakwe kuhhavini cishe imizuzu engama-30 ekushiseni kwama-degree ayi-100. Uma inhlabathi ipulasitiki, khona-ke ayikwazi ukuvezwa amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Yihlanze ngamanzi, bese uvinjelwa kwikhambi le-chlorine elingu-10%. Ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi ime amahora ama-2 kwikhambi le-chlorine, laligezwa ukuze lisuse iphunga elithile. Inhlabathi equkethe inani elikhulu leMarble, i-carbonate ibekwa ezitsheni ezinekhambi le-autric acidi ama-autric futhi ivuswe kuze kube yilapho kuvela ama-bubble air phezu komhlaba. Le nqubo ikuvumela ukuthi udedele i-substrate kusuka ku-magnesium ne-calcium.
Ungayibeka kanjani?
Ukuze ubeke inhlabathi, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-spatula. Ingathengwa esitolo, futhi ungazenzela ebhodleleni lepulasitiki. Inhlabathi ibekwa e-aquarium ngaphandle kwamanzi. Siba namahloni, sibe nefosholo eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ezansi kwe-aquarium, ngaphandle kwalokho ungalimaza izindonga.
Ubukhulu besendlalelo odongeni olungaphambili kufanele lube ngaphansi kwaleso emuva. Imvamisa, inhlabathi ibekelwe phambi kuka-2 cm obukhulu, futhi ngaphesheya kufinyelela ku-8 cm.
Ukuze ukhiphe inhlabathi, nikeza ukwakheka, sebenzisa i-blade yokhuni.
Uma uhlela ukutshala i-aquarium ngezitshalo, khona-ke kufanele kube yinto ephelele yokudla. Ubukhulu bawo akufanele budlule ku-1 cm. Ngemuva kwalokho, umhlaba oyisisekelo ubekelwe.
Ungayinakekela kanjani?
Uma i-Primer igcinwe kahle, khona-ke ukunakekela ngeke kubangele izinkinga. Kwanele njengoba kudingeka ukukhiqiza ukuhlanzwa kwawo. Ukushintshwa okuphelele komhlabathi iminyaka emi-5.
Kulula kakhulu futhi kulula ukuhlanza inhlabathi nge-siphon. Kwanele ukubabamba ngaphansi kwe-aquarium, futhi uzoqhubeka yonke imfucuza. Ngaphandle kwe-siphon, ukuhlanza phansi kungenzeka ngosizo lwepompo kagesi.
Uma ufuna ukushintsha umhlabathi ngaphandle kokuhlanganisa amanzi, bese kuqala ukususa izitshalo ngokucophelela. Bese ususe inhlabathi endala. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungabeka entsha.
Labo abathenga i-aquarium okokuqala ngqa babhekana nenkinga - luhlaza lwamanzi. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokukhanyisa ngokweqile, ukondla ngokweqile kwezinhlanzi. Ukuxhumana kanye ne-SNAIL kusiza ukubhekana nenkinga enjalo. Ungancoma futhi i-aquarium emnyama.
Ukuthi ungayikhetha kanjani inhlabathi ye-aquarium, bheka ividiyo elandelayo.