Phakathi kwezinyoni zezinyoni zasekhaya, ama-canaras ahlala endaweni ekhethekile. Lezi zinyoni zinezwi elihlukile, umbala we-motley futhi azinakuhlonishwa kakhulu kokuqukethwe ekhaya. Kulokhu okuqukethwe uzozijwayeza ngokuchazwa kwezinhlobo eziphambili ze-canary, kanye nemithetho yokuqukethwe kwazo nokuzalela.
Ukufanisa
Ama-canaries angenye yezinhlobo zezinyoni ezifuywayo ezivela emndenini wama-reels, indawo azalelwa kuyo ama-canary nama-azores. Lezi zinyoni zine-motley ne-plumage ekhanyayo, zingakhula zize zibe ngu-23 cm ubude futhi zivame ukungatholi ngaphezu kwama-50 amagremu ngesisindo.
Esikhathini esingokwemvelo, i-canary ihlala emahlathini aminyene, ama-groves, kanye nesidleke kunconyelwa ezindaweni ezingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1500 ngaphezulu kwezinga lolwandle. Ukudla kwezikhwebu zasendle kufaka izihlahla zezithelo, izitshalo zezitshalo nezinye izinambuzane.
Oganisa waqala ukumqinisa eminye iminyaka engama-500 edlule. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zezinyoni zalungiswa, ukuze lezi zinyoni zaziwa namuhla hhayi kuphela ngenxa yenqwaba enemibala, kodwa futhi nethalente lokucula.
Izinzuzo Nesimo Sokulungiswa Kwasekhaya
Kokuqukethwe kwe-canary kukhona amaphuzu amahle futhi abi.
Izinzuzo.
- Iningi lezinhlobo ze-canary ziyizinyoni ezincane kakhulu ezingadingi amaseli amakhulu noma abekwe kokuqukethwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni ezincane zidla izingxenye ezincane zokudla.
- I-Canareques ingabhekwa njengenye yezinyoni ezinethalente emhlabeni - ukucula kwazo akuyona into enhle nje: kuningi, kuchichima futhi kuzwakalayo kakhulu.
- Phakathi kweCanaran Azikho kuphela "Ama-Pevins" anethalente, kodwa futhi nezinyoni ezinhle kakhulu nezinhle. Abafuyi abaningi bakhule lezi zinyoni ngenxa ye-plumage yabo engeyona ejwayelekile.
- Ama-canaries ayizinyoni zenhlalo ezingenakuphikiswa, ezinobungane nezenhlalo. Akukaze kube yisicefe nabo - emindenini eminingi, amaCanary aba amalungu omndeni agcwele ngokugcwele engxenyeni nezinye izilwane ezinjengamakati nezinja.
Amaminithi.
- Izisusa ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuqukethwe kwanoma yiziphi izinyoni inani elikhulu ledoti, izimpaphe kanye nokudonswa. Lokhu kuphoqa abanikazi be-canarary bahlanza amaseli nezakhiwo lapho izinyoni zitholakala khona.
- Ama-Male Canary awenzele ukuzwa okuhle nezwi elikhulu kakhulu, elingaphazamisa ukubukela ama-movie noma aphazamise izingane. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuthola imiculo emihle yeCanary, kuyadingeka ukufundisa ngokuqondile ngokulalela okuvamile kokuhlabelela ezinye izinyoni. Ukube uKenar akaqeqeshiwe ngokucula, khona-ke kuzomane ashicilele imisindo ekhalayo, evuthayo. Imvamisa, ama-kern wokuhlobisa ahluke ukucula okumpofu.
- Njengoba sekushiwo, amakani angokwezinyoni zenhlalo kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho adinga ukunakwa njalo ukunakwa. Lezi zinyoni azinconywa ukuba zihambe zedwa efulethini isikhathi eside.
- Uma uzothenga uhlobo lokuhlobisa lwe-canary, bese ulungiselwa ukuthi izinyoni ezinjalo zizodinga ukuklebhulwa njalo ukuze zilondoloze ukuze zilondoloze umbala wazo ogcwele futhi okhanyayo.
- Ilukuluku eliwusizo - hhayi nge-canary. Lezi zinyoni aziphumuli kuphela futhi zisebenze, kepha futhi zithanda ukudonsa umlomo wazo yonke indawo. Uma ukhulula i-canary ukundiza ezungeze efulethini, khona-ke kufanele uvale wonke amawindi nezicabha, ususe zonke iziqukathi ngotshwala, wonke amakhemikhali nanoma yikuphi ukudla komuntu.
Ama-canaries athanda ukundiza ama-sofas, izihlalo noma ukucasha kumnikazi wezingqinamba - phakathi nemidlalo enjalo, izinyoni zingakuthembisa ubuthi emikhiqizweni yakudala eye yawa ngemuva kwefenisha.
Unganquma kanjani ubudala futhi uhlala isikhathi esingakanani?
Akuwona wonke ama-nurseneries futhi ngisho nabafuyi abaqeqeshiwe balungisa iminyaka yeminyaka yabo futhi bayibike ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa ezandleni zangasese. Ngeshwa, Ngaphandle kwemibhalo namaphasiphothi, iminyaka yalezo zinyoni zinzima kakhulu ukunquma.
Ukunquma iminyaka, udinga ukunaka uqhwaku, imilenze kanye neplamu yenyoni, kanye nokuziphatha kwayo. Kwezinsizwa ezisencane, i-canvas nemilenze ipinki, ibushelelezi futhi ayimbozwanga izikali zesimo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-anase amancane asebenza kakhulu, angaphumuli futhi anempilo - kunzima ukugcina endaweni eyodwa.
Lapho uthenga inyoni egcinwe kahle, umfuyi ozimele unquma iminyaka eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe - I-canary yakudala neyabantu abadala ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa ngokucophelela kungenzeka ukuthi inesikali, futhi ukondleka okulinganiselayo ngisho nezinyoni zabantu abadala zingenziwa zikhuthele.
Imvamisa, amakani ahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 endaweni yemvelo, kepha ezinye izinhlobo ezinokunakekelwa okufanele nokudla okunempilo zingaphila iminyaka eyi-12-16.
Ukubuyekezwa kwezinhlobo
Njengamanje, abacwaningi bahlomba izinhlobo eziyi-100 zeCanary, kepha kuphela ezinye zazo ezitshalwe ekhaya. Ngezansi kuzokwethulwa izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu namatshe alezi zinyoni.
- Umbala. Leli qembu lifaka zonke izinhlobo ze-canary ngezimbali ezingezona ezijwayelekile nezomgwaqo ku-plumage: eziphuzi (izinyoni ezinemibala kalamula zifinyelela kuma-17 cm), zifinyelela kuma-40 amagremu), okumhlophe (izinhlobo zezingcweti (izinhlobo zokuqala zivezwa lapha - iplamu yokuqala ihlukaniswe ngethayi elinsomi, elisesibili ekubambeni kwephiko liphuzi), okubomvu (lapha kufaka phakathi izinyoni zombala obomvu, owolintshi no-mosaic (amaplamu wombala wevory nge-tump epinki), njengoba kanye nezinhlobo ezinamehlo abomvu (noma ama-albino).
- UMelanino. Lokhu kufaka phakathi zonke izinhlobo zohlobo oluqinile noma olungezona ezijwayelekile: luhlaza (isisu selamula, ikhanda elimnyama kanye namaphiko amnyama), amaphiko e-orange), amnyama (zonke izinhlobo ze-bronze, zethusi kanye Umbala we-burgundy omnyama), onsundu (izinyoni ezivela ekhilimu kuya kumathoni ansundu), kanye no-Isabella uzalanise (pink noma i-motoley plumage efana "i-sallow").
- Ukuhlobisa. Kulolu chungechunge, abacwaningi baye bakhomba zonke izinyoni ezibaluleke kakhulu ukubukeka okungelona okujwayelekile (imvamisa i-curly noma i-enzyst plumage). Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu - I-Curly Maninger, North Rurly, Swiss Curly ne-Italian Curly.
- Humpback. Zonke izinyoni zingabanjwa lapha, lapho ikhanda esimweni ezolile sehliswe ngaphansi kwamahlombe, futhi umzimba welule emgqeni omile. Imvamisa lezi yizinyoni eziphuzi noma ezimhlophe. Izinhlobo: Belgian, Munich, Scottish neJapan.
- Kuhlanganisiwe. Nazi zonke izinhlobo ze-canary ezinama-anars abuna abheke phezulu kweMakushka, eyakhiwa ngenxa yezivivinyo zokwandisa ama-plumage. Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu: I-Gloucester, iLancashirskaya, isiJalimane nesiNgisi.
- Kucatshangelwe. Lolu hlobo lungafaka bonke abantu be-canary, abane-plumage ebushelelezi, enhle futhi ye-contour. Izinhlobo ezidumile: Swiss, umhlobiso weSpanishi, waseSpain, uNorwich, umngcele weCanary, kanye neYorkshire.
Amathiphu wokukhetha
Kungcono ukuthenga i-canary in nurseries, lapho ungabuka khona ukusebenza kwabo. Ngezici ezithile ungakhetha i-canary enempilo, enethalente futhi esebenzayo.
- I-Keed Healthy Kenar iziphatha ngenkuthalo nangokuthokozela - akahlali endaweni, kodwa ehamba ngenkuthalo ezungeze ikheji, axhumana nezinye izinyoni futhi ngezikhathi ezithile iqhumisa ukudla kusuka ku-feeders.
- Naka amehlo enyoni - ahlala evulekile kubantu abaphilile, futhi iziguli zimbozwe ngamashiya abuhlungu, ngenkathi ekwazi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa futhi abukeke.
- I-canary enempilo ine-plumage ebushelelezi futhi eqinile - ungakholelwa emazwini okufuya mayelana nokuqala kwesikhathi sokumolisha.
- Noma ngabe i-canary yeqa ngentshiseko, izimpukane nemidlalo, ukuphefumula kwakhe kuhlala zibushelelezi futhi zizolile. Kuphela ezimweni zobunono nokwesaba, umoya wenyoni uyabiza futhi uvula umlomo.
- Hlola isimo sezinyoni zezinyoni - kubantu abasebasha, kufanele bahlangane, ngaphandle kwesikali nokukhula. Lezi zibonakaliso zikhuluma ngezifo ezinkulu noma ubudala obuqinile bezinyoni.
- Udoti we-canary enempilo kufanele ube mnene futhi uqine, akunakuqina, akunjalo.
- Lapho ukhetha umculi uKenar, kuzodingeka ukuthi alalele okokuqala ukuthi ahlabelele kanjani, bese ethenga umuntu. I-Tunes EseCanaries ihluke kakhulu, futhi akubona bonke abajabulele ukuzwa abantu.
Ungayinakekela kanjani?
Ama-canaries abhekwa njengenyoni ekahle yabaqalayo - banenhlalo, bamukela cishe noma yikuphi okuphakelayo nokungakhethi kokuqukethwe ezimeni zendlu yangasese noma efulethini.
Lapho iKenar ine-dentod, kuyadingeka ukuphishekela ukuthengwa kweseli eliphakeme nelinele. Izinto zokwenziwa kwalo kuleli cala azibalulekile (kungaba namamodeli wokhuni kanye nensimbi), kepha kungcono ukwenqaba amaseli we-polymer. Ubukhulu obulungile bungama-30 cm ukuphakama, 35 ubude, ububanzi abangama-20.
Kungcono ukukhetha ikheji nge-porchos eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, izibuko, amathoyizi kanye namajazi okuphakelayo (okulula kakhulu kuzoba izinketho nama-feeters abuyiselwe).
Qiniseka ukufaka isitsha samanzi esitokisini, lapho inyoni kwesinye isikhathi ingabhukuda ngezinye izikhathi - Ama-Canaries avele abheke okugeza. Ngokuqondene nendawo yokubekwa kwamaseli ngenyoni, kungcono ukukhetha indawo ekhanyiswe kahle futhi enomoya ongenamoya ngaphandle kokusalungiswa nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iseli elinenyoni kumele lihlale emkhakheni wokubuka komuntu.
Akusekho kaningi izikhathi ezi-2 ngesonto zichitha ukuhlanzwa ngokuphelele kweseli lesilwane sakho. Amamodeli wensimbi alula kakhulu ukushaqeka kwamanzi abilayo futhi womile.
Ukudla kwezinkukhu akufanele kube ngokulingana kuphela, kodwa futhi okufika ngesikhathi, kanye nokwehluka. Zama ukondla i-canary yakho ngesikhathi esichazwe ngokuqinile nsuku zonke. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukudla akufanele kube nokudla okuthile okudinga ukuhambisana njalo nezithelo.
Zama ukunikeza umngane wakho ophethe isikhathi esithe xaxa.
Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana kungathinti nje isimo senyoni kuphela, kodwa futhi nesifiso saso, futhi kungaholela ekuguleni okukhulu.
Ungazondla kanjani?
Ukudla okufanelekile nokulinganiselayo kuthuthukisa ama-spumage bird, kuqinisa ukungavikeleki kwawo futhi kunwebe isikhathi sokuphila. Ekudleni kwe-canary kufanele kufake amaqembu ama-3 wemikhiqizo.
- Okusanhlamvu. Umzimba we-canary ucabangisisa ngokuphelele cishe kuwo wonke amabele. Ukolweni, ibhali, ummbila, i-buckwheat, ilayisi, amabele nama-oats alungele lokho.
- I-onamafutha. Leli qembu lifaka imikhiqizo enokuqukethwe okukhulu kwamafutha awusizo namafutha: ukudlwengulwa, isifuba, i-acorn, kanye ne-bran, imbewu yelanga namantongomane.
- Kusha. Leli qembu lifaka imikhiqizo yemvelaphi yesitshalo - izithelo ezicebile ngamavithamini: amagilebhisi, amagilebhisi, ama-cherries, ama-apula, amapetshisi. Imifino ewusizo ye-canary - iklabishi, i-celery tuber, amaqabunga esipinashi, pepper bell kanye izaqathi. Uma sikhuluma ngezithelo ezomisiwe, omisiwe, ama-prunes, izinsuku, iKuragu namakhiwane kwesinye isikhathi kufakwa njengokudla noma ubumnandi ekudleni kwamakhaleni. Awakho ama-canir amabi afakwe izithelo futhi izithelo, noma kunjalo, ngamaphesenti amancane kashukela.
Emikhiqizweni lokho Akufanelekile ukusetshenziswa nge-canary faka izithelo ngokuqukethwe okukhulu kwamafutha, isitashi noshukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona imifino nezithelo ezinezinga eliphakeme le-acidity.
Kusuka kuzithelo nemifino canary Kwenqatshelwe ukunikeza amazambane nganoma yiluphi uhlobo, iPersimmon, Mango, Papaya, Avocado, kanye namakhambi aphezulu - iparsley, dill kanye ne-basil . Ngaphezu kwezithelo nemifino, ekudleni futhi Akufanele kube khona usawoti, okha amanzi, obilisiwe futhi othosiwe.
Esikhathini esibandayo sasebusika nasekwindla, umzimba we-canary ubhekene nengozi enkulu, yingakho ngalesi sikhathi ukudla kwalezi zinyoni kufanele kufake ama-Sprigs wezithelo noma izihlahla ezivumayo. Zilungele ngokuphelele amagatsha amasha ezihlahla ze-apula, i-alder, ama-cherries, izihlahla ze-birch, i-rowan, imilevu, ama-raspberries, ama-currants, ama-appens kanye ne-alder. Amafutha Ezinhlanzi, Ushizi we-Cottage shizi onamaphesenti amancane amafutha, amaqanda abilisiwe, uju kanye nezinja ezikhethekile ezivela ezinambuzane ezomisiwe zingasebenza njengokugqoka kwendabuko yezilwane.
Imvamisa, amasevu afuywayo aqokwa ngemuva kwezingcezu zokudla ezingenamkhawulo, futhi konke okunye kushiywe kungathintwa.
Ukugwema le nkinga futhi ungavuli ukukhuluphala kwezithako, Kuyadingeka ukuthola isilinganiso esiqinile sokuphakelwa kwansuku zonke kubo. Njengomthetho, nge-caniart eyodwa endala udinga okungenani isipuni esingu-1.5 sokuphakelwa kobuso nsuku zonke. Leli nani lingashintsha kancane ngokuya ngohlobo, ubudala kanye nesimo sempilo yenyoni. Isifiso esandayo kusuka ku-canary sibonwa ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa, kanye nakwesikhathi sokudla kanye nokudla amaphuphu.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukudla okuthambile kungezwe kwimenyu yaseCanaran. Kungaba ingxube yengxenye ye-yolk ephekiwe ephekiwe kanye nesipuni esisodwa sama-superstars noma i-mankey, ungangeza okusanhlamvu okuncane lapha.
Izithelo nemifino zengezwa ekudleni kweCanaran ngesimo sezingcezu ezisikiwe ezicijile. Imvamisa bafakwa kumaseli ngezingwegwe zensimbi, lapho izinyoni zingaziphoqa khona. Ngemuva kokudla, konke okuphakelayo kususwa ngokushesha ekhejini. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinyoni zingajabulela imikhiqizo esonakele.
Ilungu elibalulekile le-canary lihlanzekile futhi linamanzi amasha. Kuyadingeka izinyoni hhayi zokudla kuphela, kepha futhi nokucula okuhle, kanye nokugeza. Ngokuphuza kufanelekile njengamanzi ajwayelekile ahlungiwe (noma amanzi asele), namanzi akhethekile asebhodleleni e-canary.
Uma ufuna ukushintsha ukudla noma ushintshe ngokuphelele okuphakelayo okuyinhloko, khona-ke ukushintshwa kufanele kudlule kancane kancane. Ukwandisa nsuku zonke inani lokuphakelwa okusha ekudleni kwe-canary. Uma uthenga izinyoni ezandleni, nakanjani uzokubuza ukuthi bavule yini ngemenyu yabo.
Ungalungisa Kanjani?
Abanye abantu bakhetha ukubamba i-canary, futhi bangazithengeli kwabaseNareyaries. Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokudonswa kwe-canary yasendle - udinga ukuxhumana njalo nezinyoni futhi ubanikeze isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, qiniseka ukunikeza inyoni yakho igama futhi uyiphinde njalo lapho uyithinta. Dala izimo zemvelo kakhulu zempilo yenyoni ekhejini. Kumele kube namathoyizi, ama-barbells, lapho inyoni ingahlala khona icule phansi, izoba yinhle kakhulu esitokisini esifudumele nesipholile.
Ezinsukwini zokuqala, i-canary izokwesaba kakhulu futhi iphendule ngokungafanele ekuhambeni okubukhali nemisindo ekhangayo. Ikakhulu ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, zama ukungavusi umsindo oqinile futhi ungabulali. Lapho nje inyoni ihambisana nawe okuncane kuwe, ungazama ukondla i-canary ezandleni. Kwalokhu Beka okuphakelayo okuncane entendeni yesandla bese uyivuselela ngobumnene enyoni.
Uma inyoni inesibindi sokudla entendeni yesandla sakho, ingadedelwa isikhashana ukundiza ezungeze igumbi. Ukuhamba okunjalo okungavamile kuzothuthukisa kakhulu isimo senyoni futhi kwenze sijabule ngokwengeziwe, sithuthukise isifiso sokudla. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba, uvala wonke amawindi neminyango.
Imvamisa amaKhenariya ngokwawo aqala ukucula - izingoma zokuqala ezincane, bese kuthi ama-trill amade. Ukufundisa inyoni ukucula, kwesinye isikhathi udinga ukufaka egumbini lokuqoshwa komsindo nokuculwa kwe-canary ukuze inyoni yakho ilalele futhi ikhunjulwe.
Ungahlukanisa kanjani insikazi kusuka kowesilisa?
Ekuzalweni kwenkukhu yenkukhu, kucishe kufane futhi akunawo umehluko wezocansi, Kodwa-ke, ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, i-dimorphism yezocansi isavezwa ezicini eziningana.
- Imvamisa kwabesifazane beCanary, umsila mufushane kancane kunabesilisa.
- Ama-Male Canary ahlukaniswa ngokuzwakalayo, okuhlukahlukene nokuhlabelela okuchichimayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi kuhlabelela i-gooter yabo kuncibilike. Abesifazane bavame ukushicilela imisindo emifushane neyodwa.
- Ngesikhathi sokudla, izinsikazi zihlanganyela ngenkuthalo ekwakheni isidleke, kanti abesilisa bavame ukunakekela abashade nabo: balethe ukudla futhi bacule.
Imithetho ye-dilution
Okungcono kokubhangqa kanye nezinyoni ezidlwengula kubhekwa Ephreli noma Meyi . Kulokhu, abantu abaphilile nabasebenzayo abakhulile kunabo bonke ngonyaka owodwa bahlala bekhethwe. Uma ufuna ukuzalela abahlabeleli baseKenarov, naka izwi lowesilisa ngowesibili - ithalente lokucula lidluliselwa amathophu amafafa.
Owesifazane uphakamisa amaqanda cishe amasonto ama-2, ngalesi sikhathi owesilisa useduze futhi uyahlabelela, uletha ukudla futhi akujabulise ngazo zonke izindlela. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi idinga ukudla okulinganiselayo nokuba khona okuphoqelekile ekudleni kweqanda elibilisiwe elineziqhekeko ezichotshoziwe.
Lapho nje amachwane ebonakala ngokukhanya, okwesilisa kwesinye isikhathi kudinga ukususwa ekheji - kuya ngokuthi azoziphatha kanjani ngenzalo. Kukhona futhi izikhwebu ezinakekelayo ezisiza izinsikazi ngesikhathi sokusinda nokondla amachwane.
Cishe inyanga ngemuva kokuvela kwenzalo, amachwane ahleli emaseli amasha akhula ngokwahlukana. Bondliwa ngezingxube ezikhethekile zokusanhlamvu, ngenkathi izimo zokuqukethwe zazo zihlala zijwayelekile. Ngalesi sikhathi, akufanele kube nokulinda ukucula kwe-kenarov - kubonakaliswa kuphela iminyaka engu-2 yokuphila.
Mayelana nokuzalela i-canary, bheka ividiyo.
Ukuhambisana nezinye izinyoni
Imvamisa, ama-canareques awakweluleki ukuthi aqhubeke esitokisini esisodwa nezinyoni zezinye izinhlobo - kulokhu, kungumzabalazo wensimu, ukunaka komnikazi ngisho nokudla. Imvamisa, abalimi bazama ukuya e-Anas yama-wavy parrots noma amasokeni, kepha izivivinyo ezinjalo azivamisile ukuphumelela.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, Lezi zinyoni zidinga ukudla okuhlukile ngokuphelele, kwamanye amavithamini nemibandela yokuboshwa. Kumele kushiwo ukuthi okuningi kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-canary yakho - uma kuhlobana ngomoya ophansi kwamanye amaseli futhi akuhlekise izilwane ezifuywayo, bese kuthi lokho kuhlola ungazama ukukhipha lezi zinyoni.
Imvamisa, iCanary yenzeka kwenye iKenamar, kepha cishe iminyaka efanayo nezinhlobo ezifanayo.
Izesekeli ezidingekayo
Ukuze ama-canary awadabuki ngesikhathi sokuntuleka komgcini futhi ahlala azi ukuthi enzeni, ekhejini kuya enyoni, kuyadingeka ukubeka amathoyizi ambalwa - isibuko, izinsimbi, izindlu ezikhethekile, kanye nakuzo Izinyoni zizophumula futhi zidlale.
I-canary enempilo ayikaze ihlale endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside, futhi ukuzijabulisa kwayo kusiza ukukhipha amandla, kuthuthukise izicubu futhi kuqinise amasosha omzimba.
I-canary yabantu abadala kwesinye isikhathi ithola izihlakala - yalokhu, abafuyi bathenga isikhafu sokugaya esikhethekile.
