Inqaku elibhalwe ngokufutshane ngalo msebenzi wombane. Iboniswa kunomehluko kwingcali yonxibelelwano, umbane wombane kwintambo ilele, ngovavanyo kunye nemilinganiselo, kunye neminye imisebenzi.
Inkcazo
Umsebenzi woMoya ungumntwana oqhelekileyo wenkqubela phambili ". Ivelaphi ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-Xix, xa ubude bemigca yamandla esetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo iyakhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngokukhawuleza uyonyusa amandla egridi yamandla, ukuba ungayikhankanyi iyantlukwano yezixhobo ezinxulumene nazo. Nangona ubuchwephesha, olu lwazi luye lwahambela phambili xa luthelekiswa nako ukuya kwiintsuku zalo, yonke into kufuneka isombulule imisebenzi emibini eyintloko: Uhlengahlengiso kunye nokulungiswa kwezixhobo zombane nezixhobo. Ezona ngcali zingakumbi zijamelana nomsebenzi onjalo, amaxesha amaninzi kuya kufuneka ucombulule umsebenzi wesithathu-ukujongana neemeko ezingxamisekileyo kunye neziphumo zazo.
Ngaphambili, ukhethelwa kombane kwintambo ilele, ukulungisa nokulondolozwa kwemigca yonxibelelwano. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kangangeshumi elingamashumi amashumi amashumi eminyaka, imigca yefowuni yakhiwe ngokuqinileyo eyakhiwe kakhulu ekuqaliseni amandla okuqala kwamandla kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukusuka esiphelweni se-1870s, i-telephony yangena rhoqo ebomini, kwaye i-LPP yokuqala ifunyenwe ngo-1891. Nangona kungekho mntu phantse asebenzisa i-telegraph, kwaye ifowuni ye-cable yemveli ilahlekelwa kukubaluleka, akukho ziingcali zomsebenzi kwicandelo lonxibelelwano azihlali. Ihlala inemizamo yokuphuhlisa kwaye isebenze rhoqo:
- Izikhululo zeselula zesoftware;
- Uncedo lokuhambisa i-Wi-Fi;
- I-radiaransing kunye ne-eriyali kamabonwakude, iiPetithi;
- Iinkqubo zoNxibelelwano kunye neeNkqubo zoMdibaniso;
- Ezinye izixhobo kunye nezinto ezihambelanayo zisebenzisa unxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo okanye olungenazingcingo.
Yintoni engabalulekanga kangako, Imisebenzi yakhe kufuneka enze ngokukhawuleza nangokucacileyo. Nokuba umzuzu owongezelelweyo, xa umntu engenakusebenzisa uqhagamshelo ngokuqhelekileyo, unexabiso eliphakamileyo kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha elingalinganiswanga kuphela ngemali, kodwa negama, impilo kunye nobomi. Akukho ndima incinci kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, nangona kunjalo, udlala uvavanyo kunye nemilinganiselo yokulinganisa. Ijonga indlela abo okanye amanye amacandelo aphambili kunye angaphakathi omsebenzi wegridi yamandla. Kuba phantse ihlala iphantsi kwevolthi ephezulu, kufuneka kufuneke izixhobo ezizodwa.
Ukuqulunqwa kweemvavanyo eziqhutshiweyo kugqitywa kungekuphela ngohlobo lweenethiwekhi okanye izixhobo, kodwa nangokucofa izilo zezilo ezizodwa. Inkqubo yokuqinisekisa ihlala ibandakanya ukuphakama okuphezulu, ngamanye amaxesha idlula kumaxabiso oyilo, i-voltages. Ngomzuzu onjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumanise ukuba indlela ephezulu yesebenza ngayo nokuba indlela yokhuseleko ithembekile. Inxalenye ebalaseleyo yomsebenzi, njengoko kungekho nzima ukuyiqonda, idlula ngaphandle, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nakuphakamileyo. Ityala eliqhelekileyo likwahamba okanye ukuphuma ukuya kwiindawo ezikude zokufikelela.
Ingcali yoSetyenziso lweNethiwekhi lelo ngcali yalo yokuba iphumelele imisebenzi yayo inciphisa isidingo sokufuna ukulungiswa kunye neenkonzo zongxamiseko. Akayi kukhonza kuphela imigca yeziqu, kodwa:
- i-switchgear;
- amanye amathuba;
- indlela yokufakelwa kunye nokukhusela indudumo;
- Inethiwekhi yokwakha yokwakha.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kumzi-mveliso inombane ozenzekelayo (wokuhambisa izixhobo kunye nomabonwakude). Benza umsebenzi ohlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, kuyimfuneko ukupakisha iinxalenye, iinxalenye zamacandelo rhoqo, ziyipeyinta ngaphambi kwezothutho kwexesha elide.
Ezi ngcali zinokuphembelela okhethekileyo ezichonge iziqinisekiso zabo. Uluhlu lolwazi oluyimfuneko kunye nezakhono zinokuhlala zifumaneka kumaxwebhu olawulo.
Ingcaciso yomsebenzi
Uxanduva
Lowo ubamba isikhundla sezixhobo zombane kwinkonzo yezixhobo zombane kufuneka azi:
- Iziseko zobunjineli bombane;
- Isixhobo seendidi ezahlukeneyo (iimodeli) zeemotor zombane kunye nokufakwa;
- Imigaqo kunye nemijikelezo esisiseko yoomatshini boMoya;
- Isixhobo seenkqubo zolawulo kunye nokuvalwa okungxamisekileyo;
- Amanyathelo ombane kunye noKhuseleko loMlilo;
- isixhobo kunye neendlela zokusebenzisa izixhobo zokulinganisa;
- Inkqubo yomsebenzi wesondlo.
Izenzo eziphambili zabasebenzi abanjalo:
- ukufumana imisebenzi (ukuphuma) malunga nokusebenza;
- Ukulungiswa kwamandla, ukukhanya, ngamanye amaxesha imigca yevolthi ephantsi;
- Ukuhlolwa kwemihla ngemihla kwemigca ebhalwe, izixhobo kunye nendawo ekufutshane;
- Ukuchonga oonobangela bokungasebenzi kakuhle kunye nokupheliswa kwabo, ukuba kunokwenzeka kwangaphambili;
- gcina ucwangco kunye nokucoceka kwimisebenzi yemisebenzi;
- Ukufakelwa kombane amancinci xa uphuculwe izixhobo okanye ukutshintshwa kwexesha likaxakeka.
Ukuba inkqubo yombane inemveliso ekhethekileyo ekusebenzeni ngenkqubo yomlilo kunye ne-alamu ye-alamu ye-4 yecandelo, uxanduva lwayo olusebenzayo luya kwahluka. Ingcali enjalo inyanzelekile ukuba ifake (iNtaba) kunye nokuseka izixhobo ezibonisa i-heterogeneneous. Ichaza ukwakhiwa kwabo, isixa kunye nemodeli ethile ilungele imeko nganye. Xa ukhetha kunye nokwenza umsebenzi, kuya kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo umswakama, ukutshabalala kunye nezinye iimeko zokusebenza. Ukongeza, kuyimfuneko:
- Khonza kwaye utshintshe uAlkaline, Acid kunye neLithium-i-ion
- Jonga intsebenzo yenzwazana kunye nemigca yomqondiso xa iyonke;
- Fumana izizathu zokuba inkqubo yenkqubo ingasebenzi okanye ihlala inika iimpendulo zobuxoki;
- Cebisa abanye abantu indlela yokusebenzisa ialam.
Umcebisi nakwenzelwe ukuba kunikezelwe uthungelwano. Kwii-etks zangoku, ikhowudi 20.032 ifakwe emva kwabo. Uninzi lwengcali luyenza:
- Ufakelo oluphambili kunye nokugunyazisa kwinethiwekhi enesifo sokunganyamezeli;
- Imisebenzi encedisayo apho kungekho ukufikelela kwivolthi (ngokwemiyalelo yabantu abavunyiweyo nangaphantsi kwesikhokelo ngqo);
- izixhobo zokugcina izinto zolondolozo lwamandla awahlukeneyo;
- Ukulungiswa kweenkqubo zokuhambisa;
- Umsebenzi wokugqobhoza usebenzisa umatshini ngokulula;
- Ukucoca kunye neoyile eyomileyo kwiiteknoloji zobufazi;
- Inkonzo yeCoceressor kunye neTekhnoloji ye-vacum.
Amalungelo
Umbane unamagunya abalulekileyo ombane . Ngokukodwa, unelungelo lokwenza izigqibo ezizimeleyo ngaphakathi kwemida. Unethuba elivelayo efumana iikhosi zokuphinda ziphinde zaza kunye nezifundo zoqeqesho ezi phambili. Njengabanye abasebenzi, kucingelwa ukuba benze izindululo, indlela yokuphucula umsebenzi wombutho, kunye nokufuna ukufumana amaxwebhu kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko kwimisebenzi yabo.Okokugqibela, kunokwenzeka ukufezekisa iimeko ezifanelekileyo zemisebenzi yabo.
Uxanduva
Inkonzo kunye nezinye izigqibo zimiswa kwi-atomes yombane ukuba:
- Sukufezekisa (kodwa ngokulinganayo kuya kwenziwa ngokungapheliyo okanye ngokungapheliyo) imisebenzi yayo ephambili;
- Sukufezekisa ii-odolo zabaphathi abathobela ubuchule babo;
- umthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho;
- iya kubangela ukonakala kwezintolongo;
- ayizukuqaphela uqeqesho lokusebenza kunye nemigaqo yokukhuselwa emsebenzini;
- izakwenziwa ngokuphambuka kwimililo;
- Ukulahlekisa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakho kunye neziphumo zayo.
Ulwazi nezakhono
Nokuba yeyiphi na ingqumbo ethile yombane, iimfuno zingaphezulu okanye zingafani. Bonke abaviwa balindile ukuba baya kukwazi ukuqonda imigaqo-siseko jikelele yesixhobo sokufakelwa kombane nakwiipesenti zomsebenzi weendidi zabantu. Kwakhona, indima ebalulekileyo idlalwa:
- Ulwazi lokugrexeza okufanelekileyo kwezixhobo ze-Akhawuntingi, izixhobo zesixhobo;
- Ukuba nezinto zokucima umlilo zokucima umlilo;
- amandla okubonelela ngoncedo lokuqala xa bebetha okwangoku nasekutshitshisweni;
- Ukuthobela iqela elithile lokhuseleko lombane;
- amandla okusebenzisa izixhobo zokhuselo lobuqu;
- Izakhono zolawulo lwamandla;
- Ukutsala izinto ezinxulumene noko.
Imfundo
Uqeqesho olufunekayo lweMasters lofakelo lombane lwenziwa malunga namaziko angama-80 eRussia eRussia. Izikhundla ezifanelekileyo, ngokweengcali, zinayo:- IKholeji yeMoscow yoyilo, uyilo kunye nokuhlaziya;
- Ikholeji yasePolytechnic kwiYunivesithi yasePetros enkulu;
- ISebe leMfundo leSibini leMfundo yeDyunivesithi yaseAgrian ye-novosibirsk.
Ukuphucula amabanga emfundo, kungcono ukufaka iZiko okanye iYunivesithi ukuba isebenzise injineli yombane. Oku kuya kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okukhula kobuchule bokukhula xa kuthelekiswa nezifundo ezizodwa. Kuqeqesho olufanelekileyo:
- IYunivesithi yase-Utel State;
- Mei;
- IYunivesithi yaseKorgan;
- Fefu;
- IYunivesithi yeMigodi yeSt. Petersburg;
- Omgtu;
- IYunivesithi yaseBugrian Agrian;
- IYunivesithi yaseKozbiss.
Yintoni eyahlukileyo kulwakhiwo lombane?
Umahluko phakathi kwale misebenzi uyabonakala. Umbane wenziwa ikakhulu kwimigca esele yenziwe kwaye inemigca yamandla efunekileyo, iigridi zendawo kunye nezixhobo. Kodwa ayisoloko inyamezela ukuba ufuna ukunyusa uthuli okanye izixhobo ukusuka ekuqaleni. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, i-otcract yombane inomdla.
Bazixhasa, kwaye iingcingo zolula; Kuphela kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu, ezinye iiprofayili ziyahambelana.
Indawo yomsebenzi
Umbane unokusebenza:- Ukulungiswa kunye nokuhlengahlengiswa kwezixhobo zesikhululo sezityalo zamandla kunye neenethiwekhi zoncedo;
- Ukulungiswa kwamacandelo aphezulu eenethiwekhi (ukusuka kwisityalo samandla);
- kwinkampani yolawulo;
- kwinkampani yokwakha;
- kwisikhululo sikaloliwe;
- njengenxalenye yomnxeba wokuhamba ngefowuni;
- Kwizibuko kunye nemilambo yomlambo;
- kwimibutho yomabonwabude;
- kwizikhululo zikanomathotholo (zombini iinjongo ezibalulekileyo nezisemthethweni);
- kwimizi-mveliso yamashishini ezolimo.
Ifumana malini?
Umvuzo awuxhomekekanga kuphela kwingingqi ethile yaseRussia, kodwa nakwinqanaba lemigangatho yemfundo. Inqanaba lelizwe lingama-30,000 ruble. Kwimimandla ekude yaseMpuma kwaye emantla aphezulu bahlawula i-70-80 yamawaka amawaka.
Kwezinye iindawo, imeko yile ilandelayo:
- Ukusela emsebenzini eKhanty-Mansyesk okanye eYakutia, umbane unokufaka isicelo sama-60000;
- Intlawulo yenyanga kwi-Sakhalin, kwintsimi yeKrasnoyarsk ihlala ifikelela kuma-50 000;
- Kwifama kamasipala, intlawulo kuyo nayiphi na iSixeko kuphela nge-25-30% idlula umvuzo omncinci;
- Umvuzo ophakathi kwi-Metropolitan kwicandelo labucala - ukusuka kwi-50 ukuya kwi-55 yamawaka ruble, kwinkqubo yendawo yokuhlala - ukusuka kwi-ruble yezinto ezili-2,000).
