Cinga ngento oyithethayo, kwaye thetha ukuba ucinga ntoni. Zombini siyabulela kwimemori ye-semantic. Kwaye kuxhomekeke kwindlela ephuhliswa ngayo, sinokuma kwizigwebo zethu ngexesha okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, ukweyisela mntu.
Yintoni?
Inkcazo ivela kwi-Greek Semantikos, eguqulelwa ngokuthi "icime". Imemori ye-Semantic igcina ulwazi lwethu lwamagama, imigaqo ye-Etiquette kunye nokuziphatha, iikhonsepthi malunga nendawo ethile, isenzo, njalo njalo. Okokuqala, uyasifuna ukuba sisebenzise ulwimi kunye nokuthetha. Ngokubanzi, umxholo wememori ye-semantic kwi-psychology yaqala ukufaka isicelo ngokubanzi ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane edluleyo.
Ekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu, eli gama lazisa imbali yaseMelika kwicandelo le-psychology michael ross quillian kwisayensi. Kwaye ngo-1972, umntu osebenza naye waseCanada kunye neengcambu zase-Estonia, i-Evel Loulloted kwimemori yaseSemantiy, ethi, ngokwethiyori yakhe, inoxanduva lokugcina imemori, enye uhlobo yimemori egcina iinkumbulo zeziganeko.
Kodwa kunjalo Lo ngumxokelelwane othile wolwazi olwenziwe kumagama, naziphi na ezinye iimpawu zomlomo, iikhonsepthi malunga neentsingiselo kunye nobudlelwane babo, kunye namathuba ethu okusebenzisa yonke le nto ebomini. Oko kukuthi, kwi-piggy yebhanki yethu ebizwa ngokuba "yimemori yaseSemantic" ayigcinwanga kuphela amagama kunye neengcebiso, kodwa neMifanekiso yala magama, umbono wabo, ingcinga yazo zonke iimeko, umzekelo, iziseko ze-Etiquette okanye ulwazi lwemithetho yokhuseleko lwezinto, ukuqonda indawo esithi (imephu kunye nezikimu "zibekwe" kumagama athile). Ke, Yimemori ye-semantic echaphazela indlela esikuqonda ngayo esi siganeko ebomini bethu nakwisiko lonke, sivumela ukuba sifumane okanye singafumani uqobo nabanye abantu.
Kwi-Psychology kukholelwa ukuba umthwalo onentsingiselo usasazwa ngolu hlobo. Iikhonsepthi zethu malunga nezinto, izityalo, izilwanyana, izakhiwo, oko kukuthi, konke esinokuzibona zigcinwa "kwisebe elibonakalayo". Izakhono zesixhobo, amandla okwenza naliphi na izenzo zihlala kwenye, inxalenye yengqondo. Kucacile ukuba kutheni Ezinye izazinzulu ziqwalasele inkumbulo ye-semantic ye-autobiographical . Ngapha koko, ngamnye kuthi unokuqonda kwakhe nantoni na, kwaye kungenxa yolwazi loluphi ulwazi, iikhonsepthi, izinto ezisikhulelayo, mhlawumbi ebuntwaneni.
Ngokubhenela kuncedo lwenkumbulo, sisoloko sinokucinga ngayo, nangona sisebenza nzima xa sithetha, sifunda, sisombulula umsebenzi othile. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba kabini ezimbini zine, akukho nto banokucinga.
Umahluko kwi-episodic
Ekuqaleni bekukho igama, emva koko - lo mbandela. Ke ngenkumbulo. Ngokutsho kwezinye izifundo, imemori ye-semantic ivela ebuntwaneni bethu, xa sifunda nje ezinye izibakala, emva koko sifumane amava obomi bakho, siqala "ukuhlehlisa" kwimemori ye-opisoddic. Ngayiphi na imeko, ukuphuculwa kunye nokunye kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ngenxa yoko sinokwamkela, qhubela phambili kunye nokuvelisa ulwazi. Kwaye apha kwakhona, kufanelekile ukuba uqwalasele ingqalelo ngokwahlukana nememori ye-semantic kunye ne-episodic.
- I-Semantic ilungele ukufumana ulwazi olutsha . Kodwa sele iqokele ulwazi, kunye nesimo sethu sengqondo kubo, azitshintshi. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba elwandle amanzi atyiwa, kwaye iinkwenkwezi - esibhakabhakeni.
- Imemori ye-episodec Igcina idatha kwinto esiyibonayo okanye iwabone ngamehlo. Inkanyezi enye okanye ukusebenza kwenkwenkwezi.
Intsingiselo Umntu akanakubakho ngaphandle kwenye. Ukukhumbula nekonsathi edlulileyo, siqala ukujika kwinxalenye yenkumbulo yethu, uya kusixelela amagama namabinzana aqhelekileyo esisibonile, kwaye emva koko sichaze isimo sethu sengqondo, siza kucacisa umfanekiso Uyayifuna, ngokungathi yenzeka ngoku. Kodwa ungalibali ukuba, ngokwahlukileyo kwiSemantic, iphantsi kokutshintsha. Naluphi na ulwazi lwethu olutsha lunokuchaphazela isimo sengqondo malunga nento eyenzekayo. Izolo Uye wavuya ngalo mdlalo, kwaye namhlanje bafumanisa ukuba ulisaphuli-mthetho, ngokungenakwenzeka kwixesha elizayo uya kukuxelela indlela acula ngayo, kunye noyolo olufanayo.
Nantsi Idatha esele ikwimemori ye-semantic ayikho kutshintsho. Umhlaba - ujikeleze, isibhakabhaka-Blue, ulwandle - iinkobe zenja, i-caravan iyahamba. Kukho inkumbulo ye-semantic kunye nenqaku elinye.
Rhoqo iguquka ixhaphakile. Umzekelo, igama elithi "iziqhamo" libandakanya oku kulandelayo - "limnandi", "apile". Nangona abahlali bamazwe aseAsia basengozini enkulu, endaweni ye-fetus, umfanekiso wemango wavela egadini yethu, umzekelo.
Ukulibala kwimemori ye-semantic
Njengakwindlela eyahlukileyo, imemori kunye nememori ye-semantic kunye ne-opisodec ifumana ulwazi, njengoko bephulukana nayo nganye ngendlela yayo.
- Ngokuqala, emva koko Iingxaki ezikuyo zincitshiswa ikakhulu kwinto ebizwa ngokuba "yinijikeleza ngolwimi." Siyazi ngqo into esifuna ukuyithetha, kodwa andikhumbuli amagama afunekayo, umxholo, igama. Okanye siyayazi igama elithi umculi, kodwa alinakukhumbula ukubiza ngokuvakalayo. Kodwa kufanelekile ukuba igama lomfazi wakhe wokuqala, igama lengoma yokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba sivakalise amanqaku ambalwa kwisigqoko sakhe, igama layo elikranye kwikhaya leenkedama. Ngokufanayo ngeenkwenkwezi zasezulwini- ulibele ngento esisifundo ye-Astrolonom, kodwa wacinga nje, indlela abahamba ngayo phantsi kwenyanga, kwaye ngoko nangoko bakhumbula ulwazi oludingayo ngalo mzuzu.
- Imemori ye-Episodic ngamanye amaxesha ngaphandle kwemvume yethu icinywe luhlobo oluthile lokungaguquki ebomini okanye ngokuchasene noko, lugcina ulwazi malunga nomsitho kangangexesha elide kuthi. Impendulo kumbuzo wokuba kutheni le nto yenzeke, ifuna ezona ndlela ziqaqambileyo zabantu. Inye kuphela into eyaziwayo-Imemori ye-Episodic ihamba ngeenkumbulo ukusuka ebuntwaneni ekude, ngamanye amaxesha ayinakufumana idatha malunga nenyanga ephelileyo.
Konke oku kuyinyani kwaye kuxhomekeka kwixabiso kunye nokubaluleka kwalomzuzu, izakhono zenkumbulo yethu, nazo zonke iintlobo zayo, nangaphezulu.
