Ingqondo yomntu iyakwazi ukugcina ulwazi malunga nehlabathi langaphandle elinceda lo mbandela lusebenzisa ngokukhawuleza iimeko zokuhlala. Enkosi kubukho bememori, ubuntu buyeyona ikamva labo.
Yintoni?
Inkumbulo yomntu yenzelwe ukwenzela ukuba igcine ukungqubana kweenyani ezahlukeneyo kunye nolwazi ngokuchacha emva koko. Umendo womhlaba ophelelwa ngumntu odlulileyo kwikamva elingaziwayo. Okwangoku kukuqhubeka kwexesha elidlulileyo kunye nendawo yokuhlangana kunye neminyhadala ezayo. Inkumbulo isebenza njengekhonkco. Inceda umntu ukuba agcine ulwazi entloko kwaye avelise amava afunyenwe kwixesha elizayo.
Uluvo ngokubanzi lwememori luye lwehla kwinyani yokuba Ngumsebenzi wengqondo ophambili kunye nohlobo olukhethekileyo lomsebenzi wengqondo. Enkosi kuye, ubuntu banokufunda kunye nokuvelisa isiphelo samava aqokelelweyo. Umxholo wememori unxulumene ngokusondeleyo nempawu zomntu wengqondo kunye nobudala bomntu. Umntu ngamnye ubona ukuphakamisa kunye nokwehla kwinqanaba labo lokuqonda. Ulutsha lunenkumbulo engcono kunabemi abalupheleyo.
Ukukhunjulwa kwemali kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nolwimi. Umntwana uqalisa ukuzikhumbuza ukusukela oko ufumana amandla okuchaza iziganeko ngamabinzana anegalelo ekukhunjweni.
Kwenzekani?
Imemori yingcinga ye-pertifot. Umzekelo, ikhona Inkumbulo yesibuko. Abantu baphakathi kwabantu ukuba isibuko sinepropathi yokukhumbula izinto eziboniswe kuyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, isipili sithathwa njengomthombo we-phenomena engaqondakaliyo nemangalisayo. Ayisiyongxaki yokuba uhamba xa indoda esondeleyo iyafa. Iinkolelo ezininzi kunye nezithethe zinxulunyaniswa nokoyika ukuqokelelwa kolwazi kunye nomgangatho wesipili.
Abantu banamhlanje banomdla kwixabiso lememori yegajethi yabo, ithebhulethi kunye neekhompyuter ezikwimigangatho, amakhadi ahlukeneyo e-flash. I-elektroniki inokugcina inani elikhulu ledatha. Izazinzulu zibale ukuba ubungakanani bememori yabantu buyamalunga ne-quadrillion byte.
Umsebenzi okhethekileyo wenziwa Inkumbulo yengqondo . Kwindawo yayo yokuhlala kukho ilayibrari yangaphakathi yolwazi lwazo bonke ulwazi olufunyenwe ngumntu. Abantu abanayo Inkumbulo epheleleyo Ngokuchanekileyo ivelisa inyani yokuba ukhe wabonakala okanye uvile. Khumbula ngaphandle kweZicatshulwa zeMifanekiso eninzi, iitafile ezahlukeneyo, imiqolo enenani elikhulu lamanani okanye amagama. Abantu abanjalo banokuzichaza ngokupheleleyo iziganeko zobomi babo.
Ukuhlelwa kwenkumbulo kusekwe:
- I-Cacerism yezamiselo;
- ixesha lokugcina izinto ezifunyenweyo;
- Ukuqokelelwa kwamathuba ezemilo kwingcaciso yolwazi;
- Ukuvavanya iinkumbulo zabahlalutyo;
- Uhlobo lokufunyanwa kolwazi: Zeziphi iimvakalelo, iintshukumo okanye izibonakaliso eziphazamisayo zabandakanyeka ngalo mzuzu.
Iingcali zengqondo kunye neengcali zomzimba kwimori yokukhumbula Ngokuchasene nenkumbulo engahambelaniyo. Kumxholo kunye nemvelo yokubonakaliswa - Ifakwe, ngomlomo, ngomlomo-onengqondo, injini, injini, imemori yoomatshini. Ngexesha lokukhumbula - Ixesha elifutshane, ixesha elide, eliphakathi, ukusebenza kunye nememori yemvakalelo.
Inkqubo yokukhumbula iqala ngokuqonda kolwazi ngeemvakalelo. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokufumana ulwazi, ii-receptors ziyabandakanyeka. Kwangoko wabangelwa Imemori yemvakalelo. Igcina idatha kwasemva kokuba egqibile ifuthe kuhlalutyo. Inkumbulo yethutyana iyakwazi ukwenza inani elikhulu leenkcukacha ezincinci. Emva kokufakwa okokuqala koshicilelo lokuqala, ulwazi luphulukane nokufumaneka, kodwa lunokutshintshwa ngolwazi olutsha.
Iingcali zabelabele ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zokukhumbula kwinqanaba lemvakalelo.
- Imemori ye-Iconic Gcina idatha engeniswe ngumnwe kumalungu ombono. Kuyanceda ukulungisa ulwazi olubonakalayo kwifom engqongqo.
- Imemori ye-Echoic Iinkqubo zokuva izinto ezivaliweyo ngohlobo lwamaza esandi. Enkosi kwikopi yokuchukumisa, ingcaciso yokuva yokuva engenayo idityaniswe nomfanekiso omnye.
- Inkumbulo ye-Tactile Ukulungisa ulwazi olumiswe zii-receptors ze-perdihels. Idlala indima enkulu ekuphunyezweni komsebenzi wemoto. Onke amalungu omzimba zii-resptors ezibutshekileyo ezithunyelwa kwingqondo ingumqondiso malunga ne-itching, iintlungu, uxinzelelo kulusu.
- Inkumbulo ye-Olfectory Ikuvumela ukuba uqinisekise ivumba lezinto ezithile okanye imveliso. Ngoncedo lwayo, umntu ngamnye ukwahlula malunga ne-10 lamawaka evumba elinye.
Emva kokulungiswa kwinqanaba lemvakalelo, le nto iya kwi-shente yenkqubo elandelayo - inkumbulo yexesha elifutshane. Kwixa elizayo, ezinye zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ezihlaziyiweyo nezinekhowudi zifudukela kwindawo yokugcina yexesha elide.
Iipropathi
Ingqondo yomntu ikhumbula ulwazi oluyimfuneko, igcina kwindawo yalo, kwaye ukuba kukho imfuneko, isuse apho. Umgangatho wememori uxhomekeke kubudala bomntu, rhoqo umsebenzi wengqondo, iimpawu zemvelo zobuntu kunye notshintsho lwendalo olwenzekileyo ngenxa yokulimala komzimba okanye yengqondo.
Ngokwesixhobo esisebenzayo, imemori inezi propati zilandelayo:
- ukuchaneka imiselwe ngokuhambelana nolwazi olufunyenwe kwaye lwenziwe kwakhona;
- ivolumu iphawuleka ngenani lolwazi olurekhodiweyo;
- Isantya sememori Imiselwe ngokusebenza ngokufezekileyo kokulungisa nokulungisa idatha;
- isantya sokudlala ibonisa ubuchule bokwakhiwa kwengqondo ukubuyisela kwakhona ulwazi olugciniweyo;
- Isantya sokulibala ichaphazela inkqubo yokuphulukana nezinto ezifunyenweyo.
Ezi ndawo zikwenza ukuba kuvavanye inqanaba lokuphuhliswa kwememori kunye nomsebenzi wobubi owenzakeleyo. Ngomnqweno ombi, kukho isigaba esiphezulu sokulibala, ukunciphisa iinkqubo zokulungisa.
Ubukho bememori elungileyo buboniswa ngokuchaneka okuphakathi, ivolumu kunye nesantya sokukhumbula.
Imisebenzi
Imemori idlala indima enkulu kubomi bomntu, kuba inika ithuba lokusebenzisa idatha yamava akhe. Ayisiyonto iphambili ithiyori ebonakalayo ekudalweni nasekusebenzeni kwemodeli, ivumela ubuchopho ukuba benze imisebenzi yabo eyintloko: Ukucenga, gcina ulwazi ngamava akho.
- Inkumbulo. Kwinkqubo yokukhumbula umkhondo wolwazi olutsha ongenisiweyo ukubambelela kwizakhiwo zobuchopho. Ngeli xesha, umbono wedatha kwenzeka, amava abo, ulwakhiwo lwengqondo lochungechunge, ukusekwa kwamatye se-semantic. Izinto zokugcina zehla zizonke.
- Ukugcinwa. Ukuqokelelwa kolwazi kwindawo yogcino lwengqondo kubandakanya ukulungiswa kunye nokunyanzelwa kwayo yonke into. Amava alondolozwe avumela umntu ukuba afunde ngakumbi, ukuphucula umbono wehlabathi, uvavanyo lwangaphakathi, ukucinga kunye nokuthetha.
- Dlala. Kwinkqubo yokukhutshelwa ngokuzithandela kwento enqwenelekayo ukusuka entlokweni yengqondo, umfanekiso uphazamisa ukungazi ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kwesicelo kulo mzamo thile. Ngokuzala kwakhona, kusoloko kunzima. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthatha ixesha ukukhumbula. Iinyani kunye neziganeko kwinkqubo yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo zinokuguqulwa kwaye ziphinde zakhiwe kwakhona. Idatha evelisiweyo ayinzi ikopi echanekileyo yento ebekiweyo kwi-Grature.
- Ulibale. Ukuphulukana nokuzala kwezinto ezifunyenweyo ngaphambili kunokubangelwa ngenxa yobubi bayo. Ukuphononongwa kwenxalenye kubonakaliswa ngokungaphelelanga okanye ukukhohlisa ulwazi. Ngokulibala ngokupheleleyo, umntu lowo akakwazi ukufunda kwaye ayivelise kwakhona.
Ngamanye amaxesha ukungakwazi ukukhumbula oku okanye ukuba umsitho unxulunyaniswa nokwenzakala kwengqondo, iinkqubo zikaxabiso kwinkqubo ye-nervous okanye ukuqala kwesandla.
IIMPENDULO ZOBUCHULE
Ulwakhiwo lwenkumbulo, iindlela zokuKhunyazelwa kweMemori zitsala umdla wabaphandi abaninzi. Izazinzulu zamazwe awahlukeneyo zehlabathi zidalwe ziithiyori ezahlukeneyo ezinikezelwe kwiimpawu ezisisiseko kunye neentlobo zememori. Abaphandi bathathela ingqalelo ukuba abanye abantu basebenza ngokulula isixa esikhulu solwazi kwaye basiqilele ixesha elide kubuchopho babo, abanye bakhumbula kancinci kwaye balibale ngokukhawuleza umxholo.
Kukho ithiyori yokuba, baneminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-25, iinguqu zeHormonal zenzeka kumntu ngamnye, ingqondo yenziwa. Ukuqulunqwa konxibelelwano olutsha lwendalo kukhokelela ekubeni umntu aziqonde ngokwakhe. Ngeli xesha, ulwazi oluninzi luqokelelwe, oluguqulwa kamva lube ziinkumbulo. Ngesi sizathu, ixesha lokushicilela likhunjulwa kakuhle ubomi bonke.
Kwi-Psychology, eminye imithetho ebalulekileyo yabelwe.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso yezixhobo zememori Kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela umbono wezinto ezibonakalayo, funda useto kunye nokufakelwa. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ujonge ngononophelo lonke ulwazi oluza kuphuhliswa.
- Umthetho wezinto ezikhanyayo Inceda ukuhlanganisa izinto ezizayo. Iziganeko eziqaqambileyo zikhunjulwa ngaphandle kobunzima obukhulu. Nabani na unokulula kwaye akhumbule ngokukhawuleza isiqephu esasenzayo kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo. Ubuntu obugqithisileyo buhlala buyinkumbulo ixesha elide. Ukuqokelela ulwazi oluyimfuneko, kuya kufuneka uyikhuphe ukuqaqamba kunye nemvelaphi.
- Umthetho wokubaluleka komxholo Kuthetha ukuhanjiswa kwazo zonke iinyani kunye nolwazi kwizidingo zabo. Yonke into enxulumene nokuncamathisela, izinto zokuzonwabisa, iinqobo zokuziphatha, iimvakalelo zabo, azibangeli iingxaki xa zilungisa ixesha elifanelekileyo kwimemori.
- Umthetho wentshukumisa Iphunyezwa ngendleko zokukhuthaza. Umnqweno wokufezekisa iindawo ezithile eziphakamileyo, fumana ibhaso kukhuphiswano okanye ekukhuthazeni lunika ubuntu kwinkuthazo eyomeleleyo yokucengceleza isixa esikhulu solwazi. Ayisiyonto iphambili ekunzima ukuyisebenzisa izifundo zesikolo, nto leyo, ngokutsho kwabafundi, ayizukuzisebenzisa ebomini.
- Umthetho womsebenzi Ithetha umsebenzi wesenzo esithile ngaphambi kokuqokelelwa kolwazi oluyimfuneko. Nakuphi na ukubala okwenziweyo, ukuthelekisa kwezimvo eziphambili kuphucula inkqubo yokufunda, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuba ubandakanywe kulwazi olufanelekileyo, ukuvelisa iintshukumo kunye nabo.
- Inkxaso yamava afunyenweyo ebhekiswa emthethweni wolwazi olwenziwe kwangaphambili. Iikhonsepthi ezintsha zithathwa ngokulula ngokwesiseko sezinto eziqhelekileyo. Ukwenza oku, kubalulekile ukuhlalutya kunye nokucwangciswa kwenkqubo, yenza ukufakwa kweeparali ezihambelana.
- Umthetho wempembelelo eziguqukayo kwimizobo yememori Isekwe kumbutho wokukhumbula ngokutshintsha kwemisebenzi yengqondo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweepasethi ezincinci, apho ulwazi olufunwayo lumiselwe entlokweni.
Imemori emanyanisiweyo ayikho. Umzekelo, intsingiselo yentsingiselo yememori isekwe kwinto yokuba inkqubo yokukhumbula ixhomekeke ngqo kubukho okanye ukunqongophala koqhagamshelo lwe-semantic elifaka igalelo kwimbono ye-semantic yolwazi olufundwayo. Ukudityaniswa kunye nokuzala kwento oyifunayo kuncedwe zizinxibelelanisi ze-semantic ezibandakanyiwe kwimeko.
Abameli beeSayensi ezahlukeneyo baqwalaselwa kwimicimbi yememori. Iingcali zengqondo kunye neengcali zezamamzimba zikwazi ukungena kubunzulu bengqondo yomntu. Iinkozo zabo zikhulisa ulwazi lwememori yabantu.
Ingqondo
Kwi-Psychology kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zethiyoreji: I-Sociative, i-Guestalt-psychological, indlela yokuziphatha kunye ne-Ihloko lememori esebenzayo.
- Kwenye yeethiyori zokuqala, indawo ephakathi kwiKhumbulo ihlalwa ngumbutho. Xa ungena kwingqondo yomntu yomxholo omtsha, imifanekiso eqhelekileyo ivela, kwaye unxibelelwano olubanzi lusekwe phakathi kwabo. Ngombono ophindaphindiweyo wolo nye ukuqinisekiswa, inkcazo-ntetho yawo onke amalungu avela.
- I-Gestalt-ithiyori Ithetha ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi ethile. Ukusebenza kubo, ubuntu banomdla wokuzikhusela ekugqityweni kwengqondo. Imisebenzi yenzelwe ukuhlengahlengisa idatha. Umntu kufuneka ahlule okanye adibanise ngesingqisho okanye ulungelelwaniso. Isixhobo esihlelwe kakuhle, esihleliweyo kulula ukukhumbula.
- Ithiyori yaseBibelecic ijolise ekulungiseleleni izinto ezibonakalayo. Ithiyori ihlawulelwa ingqalelo enkulu kufundisiso lomsebenzi wememori ngexesha loqeqesho. Kukholelwa ukuba ifuthe elihle nelibi kuqeqesho oluthe kratya linenzaliseko yemithambo. Xa uzoba imisebenzi, isixa solwazi, umda wokufana, inqanaba lokufunda, ubudala kunye neempawu zomfundi ezithathelwa ingqalelo.
- Ithiyori inento enkulu yokwenyani Izenzo zomntu ngamnye zithathwa njengendawo yokwakha, ukongeza kwezinye iinkqubo zengqondo, kunye nenkumbulo.
Ukukhunjulwa kwemali ngokufanelekileyo kuxhomekeke ekubeniluleka kolwazi kwimisebenzi yobuntu.
Isoftware
Iithiyori ezinjalo zinxibelelene ngokungalinganiyo neemfundiso ze-I. P. Pavlov. Zisekwe kwiinkalo zeyona nto iphambili ye-nervous. Ngokwezifundo ezifanayo zethiyori, umThetho yindawo enemiqathango njengenkqubo yonxibelelwano phakathi kwento ethengiweyo kunye neyefundi efundiweyo. Umxholo wokudityaniswa kule meko kungenxa yale nkqubo. Ubuntu bufikelela ekujolise ngqo kwizenzo ezixhasayo.Ixabiso loBomi bomntu
Ukulibala amava angaphambili, umntu ngekhe akwazi ukuphucula. Inkumbulo ibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwesihloko kunye nophuhliso lwayo. Luhlobo lwesixhobo umntu oqokelela ngalo ulwazi oluyimfuneko kwaye alusebenzise kubomi bayo bexesha elizayo. Ngenxa yokukhumbula, ukwazi umntu akupheleli kwimvakalelo kunye nembono. Igcwele ngolwazi olufunyenweyo. Ngaphandle kwenkumbulo, ukucinga kwabantu kwakunqunyelwe kwimiba efunyenweyo ngenxa yokuqonda ngokuthe ngqo.
Ndingaphucula njani?
Ingqondo yiplastiki, ngoko ke inika ukuphuculwa. Ukusebenza kwememori ukusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kuxhomekeke kubuchule bokugxininisa ingqalelo. Ngamanye amaxesha abantu bajolise emhlophe ngexesha lokuqonda kolwazi olutsha. Lala amagama anqamlezo kunye neepuzzle, ucombulule imisebenzi, dlala i-Chess, ufundisise iilwimi zasemzini, ufunda imibongo, khumbula iziganeko ezifundiweyo, khumbula iziganeko zosuku oludlulileyo.
Ukuphuculwa kwememori kukhuthaza ukuhamba komoya omtsha, ukulala kakuhle, ukulala kakuhle, ukungabikho koxinzelelo kunye neemvakalelo ezingalunganga, umthambo, indlela yokuphila, isoftware. Isicatshulwa esixhaswe sisingqisho somculo okanye i-dady yolonwabo ikhunjulwa kakuhle. Sebenzisa ukucinga kokomfuziselo. Imifanekiso ilibaziseka entloko ixesha elide kunamagama.
Kucetyiswa ukuba zengqondo zimele izinto ze-ofisi yazo kunye necariko. Ukulondolozwa kolwazi olusebenzayo kwenzeka ngokufumana ingqalelo ephuculweyo kunye nokuyilwa koluhlu oludibeneyo. Ulwazi oluzayo kufuneka lube sekwe endaweni. Imixokelelwane yemibutho yobuqu kufuneka inxulunyaniswa nemifanekiso eqaqambileyo kunye neemvakalelo.
Yenza iindlela ezibonakalayo kunye nolwazi lwecebo lokufumana izifundo zokukhumbula. Kungcono ukunamathisela iikhonsepthi ukwenza izinto ezifumaneka kwindlela egodukayo okanye egumbini lakho. Ukuba ufuna ukubuyisela kwingqondo yamagama athile, kuya kufuneka uye nebali apho baya kubandakanyeka khona.
Imemori inokuphuhliswa isebenzisa imithambo eyahlukeneyo.
- Cinga ngomfanekiso wezilwanyana kwisithuba somzuzu omnye. Emva koko babhale phantsi ngokulandelelana kwealfabhethi, hayi.
- Kwimizuzwana emi-2, jonga nawuphi na umfanekiso, emva koko vala amehlo akho kwaye ucinge ngengqondo umfanekiso, zama ukuyidlala entlokweni yam. Vula amehlo akho kwaye ujonge umzobo kwakhona, xabisa ukhetho lwakho lweminqweno.
- Sukachitha imatshisi embalwa ngolungelelwano lwehagu. Lungisa indawo yabo kwimemori. Kwelinye icala letafile ngaphandle kokuhamba, ukubola inani elifanayo lematshisi ngendlela efanayo.
Iinyani ezinomdla
Ingqondo yomntu yahlukile kwikhompyuter kunye nokuxhomekeka kwamandla ukuxhomekeka. Ngokutsho kwezazinzulu, emva kokusweleka kwengqondo, lonke ulwazi oluqokelelweyo lukhona ubomi buyekile kangangemizuzu emi-6. Ukugcinwa kwedatha yekhompyuter akunakuxhomekeka kubukho bamandla.
Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ivolumu yenkumbulo yexesha elide kunzima kakhulu. Ngokutsho kwenzululwazi, inokufikelela kwii-quadrillion bidtes. Inkumbulo yexesha elifutshane ibalwa ngenani lezinto ezigcinwe ngumntu entloko. Imemori yekhompyuter ilinganiswa kwiGigabytes kunye ne-terabytes.
Inkqubo yefayile ikuvumela ukuba wazi ngokuchanekileyo ivolumu kunye nomxholo wolwazi ogciniweyo. Akukho mntu unokwazi ngokuthembekileyo oko kugcinwe kwinkumbulo yakhe. Izixhobo zekhompyuter zivelisa ulwazi ngokungathandabuzekiyo. Ingqondo yomntu ayinakho ukuyigcina kwifom egqityiweyo. Olunye ukufuduswa kwezinto ezifanayo kunokuba neenkcukacha ngokweenkcukacha.
Ukuba umntu akakhumbuli into nangayiphi na indlela, kuya kufuneka uthathe ipensile ezandleni kwaye uqhubeke ekuzoba. Ukumelwa kwesizathu sokungenisa kunegalelo ekukhokeleni kolwazi olufunwayo ukusuka kubunzulu bezakhiwo zobuchopho. Umzekelo, awunakukhumbula ukuba mangaphi ipeyinti exhonywe eludongeni kwigumbi lakho lokuhlala. Ukuzoba kukhuthaza ukucinga okuyisila.
Ingxaki iconjululwe ngenxa yokuba umfanekiso oqingqiweyo hlula ingqalelo yakho kwezinye izinto ezingekho mthethweni.
