IRuby intle kakhulu, zininzi iintsomi ngaye. Kukholelwa ukuba umnini welitye wonwabile eluthandweni. I-gem ebomvu iyakwazi ukulumkisa umninimzi ngokutshintsha umbala. Ngomzimba emzimbeni uhlala ngokunxibelelana neRuby, zonke iimpawu ezintle ziyaphuculwa.
Ayothusi into yokuba inqwenela ukufumana ubucwebe ngemilindi engenanto ayichaphazeli. Kwabo bathenga iruby, kukho umbuzo wendalo malunga nexabiso layo.
Iikhrayitheriya zovavanyo
Ukuze ufumane iindleko zejewel, kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo ubunzima beempawu.
Nantsi eyona nto iphambili kubo:
- Imvelaphi yeminerali;
- Umbala wamatye;
- ubukho bezifuba;
- ubukho bezifakelo, iibbhu zenyama kunye nokuphelisa;
- ubunzima bezimbiwa;
- sika;
- unyango.
Ixabiso lamatye anqabileyo endalo ayimiswanga kwiiruble, kodwa kwiidola zaseMelika.
Intsimi
Iidipozithi zeRubin ziyafumaneka kwilizwekazi ngalinye, ngaphandle kwe-rosty antarctica. Kwinqanaba leshishini, ii-gems zifakwe eAsia: eCeylon, eVietnam naseThailand.
Iidipozithi zase-Afrika zibekwa eKenya, eMozambiki, eMadagascar naseTanzania. IRussia ibikhangela amatye mva nje. Emva kwemfazwe, ixhoba lenziwa kwi-Urales kunye nePaamir Pegmatite.
EMyanmar (owayefudula i-burma), owona mgangatho udumileyo, owona mgangatho ubalaseleyo kwaye owona mgangatho ubalulekileyo kakhulu wezimbiwa ze-radiaral yafunyanwa.
Elona litye likhulu kwii-carats ezingama-400 ezifumaneka eBurma. Ngelishwa, ayigcinwanga kwi-pristine. Yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-brugorse yokuhlambela. Zinikezwe iinkulungwane ezininzi kwihlabathi. Ubuhle kunye nomhle kakhulu.
I-India ithathwa njengeyona ndawo ithembisayo imbi. Kuyaziwa ukuba iRubins ifunyenwe apho, apho kunye nesafire. Kwaye iidipozithi zeKashmir zityebile kwiSafires. Kunye nefosili ephambili, iirubhi ziphuma. Mhlawumbi kungekudala india iya kuba ngumthengisi omkhulu omkhulu wezinto ezingafunekiyo kumzi mveliso wejwabi.
Makhe sinike umzekelo weendleko kuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi.
Kwikarat enye ye-burmey iRuby ihlawula ukusuka kuma-90 amawaka eedola. Kwaye ayingabi ngamatye amhlophe eMozambiki abiza kakhulu ixabiso eliphantsi. Ngobunzima be-4-5 iKararat, iruby ephezulu kakhulu iya kubiza umthengi kwinani le-500 leedola kwiliwaka.
Umgangatho
Kwindalo, amatye afanelekileyo anqabile kakhulu. Uninzi luneziphene ezahlukeneyo: splashes, ukungakhathali kunye nokuqhekeka. Umgangatho ophezulu onazo iifreyiti ezinesiphoso ezinzima okanye azinabo kwaphela.
Ezinye izinto zibandakanya ixabiso lokuphatha kakubi. Umzekelo, ubukho benkanyezi enemitha emithandathu ekwimo yenkanyezi enemilinganiselo emithandathu kakhulu inyusa ixabiso layo. Kukho iikopi ezinjalo kunqabile, ngoko ke iphezulu kakhulu.
Inqanaba lemoullotication lunyulu. Ukucoceka kwezimbiwa zahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba ama-3:
- Esokuqala ibandakanya amatye acocekileyo kunye nezo zifakiweyo okanye imivumbo eqhekekileyo;
- Okwesibini yeyesibini yezokuziphatha ngeziphene kunye neziphene ezincinci;
- Elesithathu linekopi ye-opaque okanye amatye anamafu amaninzi.
Ukuqhubekeka kunefuthe elibonakalayo ngexabiso. Ukunqunyulwa kuxatyisiwe kakhulu ngemilo echanekileyo kunye nobungakanani. Emva kokugcinwa kwilitye akufuneki ukuba isuswe kwaye iitshipsi, ukukrala kunye ne-rinks.
Kumnqweno wokugcina ubungakanani be-ruby abasikizi benza inxalenye yayo ephantsi, ebizwa ngokuba yiPavilion. Izenzo ezinjalo ziyabonakala zisiba mandundu.
Ezona ntlobo zilungileyo zinekristali ejikelezileyo, ixabiso labo liphezulu kunezo "zihlobo" kunye nohlobo lokusika "iMarquis". Isikitho saseCabhothon sisetyenziselwa iiminerali ngenani elikhulu lezinto ezibandakanya noqhawulo-mtshato, ebizwa ngokuba yinkwenkwezi kulwimi oluqhelekileyo.
Ixabiso lecuba ixhomekeke kuhlobo lokulungisa. Amatye angafuni ukuba unyango olukhethekileyo lobushushu aluna-50 pesenti yonke ifunyenwe.
Ukuphucula umgangatho we-GEMS, ukucoceka kwabo kunye nemibala kusetyenziswa unyango lobushushu. Ukusebenza kubizwa ngokuba kukucocwa. Izinto ezenziwayo zifakwe kumagumbi akhethekileyo kwaye zifudumele ukuya kwi-800-1900 degrees. Phantsi kwempembelelo yoBushushu, utshintsho lombala, amathunzi apheliswe. Ngaphakathi ukuqukwa kwenkunkuma, ukucoceka kuphakama.
Ukuba sithelekisa amatye anempatho-mbambano, kunye nesiqhelo, amaxabiso okuqala kabini, kwaye ezintathu ngaphezulu, nezinye izinto zilingana.
Ukucocwa kudla ngokugqitywa ngobuninzi bemifanekiso. Iziphene ziyapheliswa ngokuzalisa ngeglasi ekhokelayo. Ijongeka ngathi lilitye elihle elicocekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezo rubies zezodidi lwexabiso eliphantsi. Zihlala zifumaneka kwiivenkile zobucwebe, kunye ne-analoguetic. Ixabiso le "roundm iwile iyahluka ngaphakathi kwe-1 ukuya kwi-20 yeedola zaseMelika ngeCarat nganye.
Ubungakanani
Ngokuphathelele kumatye axabisekileyo, ayikokuthetha ngemali, kodwa malunga nobunzima. Ubunzima - olona phawu lubalulekileyo. Ubunzima bulinganiswe kwiiyunithi ezizodwa-iikharathi. Ukuthelekisa okungcono kunye neendlela eziqhelekileyo zokulinganisa, kuya kufuneka ukwazi umyinge: 1 carat = 0.2 GRAMS.
Ixabiso leminerali lisetelwe i-1 carat. Nangona kunjalo, yonke into inenkanuko apha. Ematyeni amancinci, iindleko zeCarat zingaphantsi kwe-GEMS ENTO . Akukho lwalamano ngqo phakathi kobunzima kunye neendleko zeeparats. Bonke.
Ixabiso libotshelelwe kubungakanani belitye kunye nomgangatho wayo. Kodwa imvulophu ngakumbi, kunokuba lula ukubakho okungafunekiyo. Ke, yaziwa ukuba i-rubries kwii-carats ezintathu kwaye ezininzi zinqabile kakhulu. Kwaye izimbiwa zi-5 carat, zingabi neziphene, akunakwenzeka ukufumana. Ukuba kuyavela, iya kuba yimvakalelo. Kukholelwa ukuba kukho amatye afanelekileyo angabi ngaphezu kwecarat.
Umbala
Akukho nto ibaluleke kakhulu xa kusenziwa isigqibo sexabiso lombala weruby. Umbala ophambili ubomvu. Ubume bahluka ukusuka kwi-pale ukuya egxunyekwe. Kukho iigrem ezinepinki, ezimfusa kunye neorenji. Ukuphambuka kwisiseko kunika imvume yendalo.
Ngawawona matye amaxabisekileyo, uluvo lwengcali luphakanyisiwe. Ibonisa umbala. Coca iruby ebomvu eqaqambileyo ichaza igama elithi "i-gonson".
Ngokutsho kombala wokuhlelwa kweerubhu apho:
- bomvu eqaqambileyo;
- iqhelekile okanye ibomvu ephakathi;
- Ibomvu ebomvu.
Xa uchaza umbala, ubukhulu bayo kunye nokugcwaliswa kuthathelwa ingqalelo. Iikopi eziqaqambileyo zixabisekile ngaphezu kotywala kwaye zinodaka.
Ixabiso lamatye endalo
Iindleko eziqikelelweyo zekristali zisekwe kwimibutho ekhethekileyo.
Iziphumo ziprintwe kwiimagazini ezifanelekileyo.
- Amatye asemgangathweni asezantsi Uqikelelwa kwimvelaphi. ICarat enye inokuxabisa i-75, kunye ne-3,500 yeedola zaseMelika. I-rundum ebiza kakhulu i-burmemse, i-Afrika ingama-Afrika.
- Iibhubhu zomgangatho ophakathi I-myanmar ibuzwa ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-12 yamawaka eedola. I-GEMS evela eMozambiki ihamba ngexabiso eliphantsi- ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-5 yamawaka eedola. Ixabiso lamatye aqholiweyo lisezantsi-ukusuka kwelinye neliqingatha ukuya kumawaka amane eedola.
- I-rubin enganyangekiyo Umgangatho olungileyo kakhulu eBurma uqikelelwa kwinani lokususela kwi-16 ukuya kwi-40 yamawaka eedola. Ukusuka kwezinye iidipozithi-ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-9 yamawaka eedola.
- Ixabiso eliphakathi le-crystal ye-gretogo Umgangatho obalaseleyo we-12000-23000 $. Iindidi zeMozambic kunye neBurmese ixabisa ngaphezulu: 20000-30000 kunye ne- $ 40000-70000, ngokulandelelana.
Amakhulu amawaka eedola aqikelelwa ngamatye amakhulu axabela iikharati ezi-4 kunye nangaphezulu. Banokuthengwa kwi-Auction i-60-90 yamawaka eedola. Ukuba uthatha umndilili, ilitye elixabisekileyo elinobunzima obu-1 iigram ziya kuxabisa i- $ 375,000.
Ixabiso le-analoguetic
Ukuveliswa kwemizi-mveliso yeNkunkuma yeMizi-mveliso kusekwe eUnited States, i-Great Britain, iFrance, eSwitzerland naseJamani.
Ilitye lifunyanwa kwi-molten condundu. Ekuqaleni imveliso yesiphumo ibalasekile. Izongezo zinike nawuphi na umbala onqwenelekayo.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba iruby engaqhelekanga ibonakala ibhetele kunendalo, iphindwe kabini.
Uninzi lwezinto ezikhoyo ezikhoyo ngamatye enzelwe.
Iimpawu zamaxabiso eRussia nakwamanye amazwe
I-Russia Ruby Discreation iyabahambisa kumaqela ama-3 asemgangathweni kuxhomekeke kwi Ubukho beziphene kunye nemibala.
- Eyokuqala ibandakanya ezo ziphantsi kweziphene . Imigca emincinci okanye amanqaku asasazeke kuyo yonke ivolumu, kwaye engahlelwanga kwindawo enye, kwaye unokuzijonga kuphela "ngeliso" elixhobileyo. Umgangatho ophezulu uqikelelwa ubuncinci abangama-800, ubuninzi beedola ezili-1500. Ukuthengisa kosapho akufumaneki.
- Udidi lwesibini luvumela iziphene ezibonakalayo kunye nenqanaba elincinci kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yelitye. Ixabiso yi-500-800 $.
- Iirubhi zinodaka kwaye zineziphene ezininzi zenza udidi lwesithathu. Indleko zabo ngu-200-500 $.
Amaxabiso yi-1 carat.
Phesheya, xa useta ixabiso lamatye axabisekileyo, imvelaphi yabo ithathelwa ingqalelo. Ngaphezulu kwamanye amatye asuka eBurma (iMyanmar).
Ukuthengisa i-ruby yexabiso lerekhodi iboniswe kule vidiyo ilandelayo.