I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia

Anonim

Amabali amaninzi kunye neentsomi zinxulunyaniswa ne-rugellit. Ngokutsho kwenye yeendawo zakudala, eli litye (okanye endaweni yoko, umhlobiso we-IT ngohlobo lomdiliya wediliya) wenziwa ngaphandle kwesihogo. Umnini wokuqala wayengumlingo waseChaldean ofumene i-rugellit. Ukususela ngoko, uye wakwazi ukudlula ngexesha kunye nendawo.

Yintoni?

I-rublit lilitye elixabisekileyo elinamatye anombala obomvu obomvu. Ngeli gama, unyanzelekile ukuba abhale iRubin, ukuba yafunyanwa i-farpite ixesha elide. Ukudideka okunjalo kunxulunyaniswa nokubonakalayo kwamatye. Okokuqala ngqa, i-rogugutite ichazwa ngusosayensi richard Kirvanov ngo-1794. Ukuqala kwi-XVIII Ikhulu, ilitye lisetyenziselwa ukuhombisa isithsaba somtshato saseRussia. Namhlanje uza kwiGems yeBanga lesi-2.

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_2

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_3

I-pallette ye-rubellite ibandakanya imithunzi emininzi ebomvu-ukusuka kwipinki ngobunono ukuya kugcwele ibomvu ngemipu. Iimpawu zombala zichaphazela iindleko zayo. Umzekelo, igosa lomgaqo we-cherry emnyama ithathelwa ingqalelo kwaye ixabisekile, inegama layo - i-Sibirit. I-rubellit ine-glitter, ephawuleka kakhulu kwimiphetho yelitye.

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_4

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_5

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_6

Ezona ntlobo zidumileyo zerubellite yiqela lediliya elixabisekileyo, ligcinwe kwingxowa yedayimani yaseRussia. Ngaphambi kwenkulungwane yama-20, kwakukholelwa ukuba iqhekeza lenziwa ngeRubin, kodwa iSifundise i-E. Fersman yangqina ukuba i-crystal ibhekisa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokhenketho - iRublitu.

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_7

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_8

Ukuba ubonakala unzulu kwibali, inokufunyanwa ukuba olu hlobo lohlobo lwe-Red Trandmaline (eyile, i-mineral iqwalaselwe) ivele kwiminyaka eyi-1000 ngaphambili. NS. Iinkcazo zigcinwe apho kunokwenzeka ukuba igwebe ukuba izimbiwa zaziluluhlu lwe-cleopatrap.

Indawo yokuzalelwa

Kwilizwekazi laseYurophu yaseYurophu, i-Rouserlite kuqala ivela eIndiya, ukusuka apho waziswa ngabahambi ngeenqanawa. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje isetyenziwe kwihlabathi liphela. I-Mineral Guqula i-Fillz kunye neZindlu ze-Pegmatiite ezingenantlonelo. Ngokutsho kwe-mineraloger, ukuba i-rubellite ivele phantsi kwempembelelo yamaqondo obushushu aphezulu, iya kuba nguMatte kwaye imnyama kakhulu, iphantse ibe mnyama. I-rosellite yeentsomi ezikhanyayo ivela phantsi kwempembelelo yamaqondo obushushu asezantsi, ngelixa ifom yayo ye-pismatic inqunyulwe.

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_9

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_10

Rhoqo, iZimbiwa iqulethwe kwi-ores Genesis. Ngenxa yozinzo lwelitye kwifuthe lobushushu (zombini eziphezulu kwaye zisezantsi), impembelelo yomatshini, i-Wortieline ifumaneka kwiintonga ze-rod, kwiinduli ezithambileyo.

Namhlanje, idiphozithi yeRubellite ibizwa ngokuba yiBrazil, apho uninzi lwazo lubunjwe. I-druip enye inokulinganisa iitoni ezi-4, kwaye ubude bemigangatho ephezulu buya kuthi ga kwisiqingatha semitha. Kwisiqithi se-Elba, elinye lamatye amahle kakhulu, bade banika igama elikhethekileyo - elbath.

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_11

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_12

ERussia, i-rullets imbiyiwe kumhlaba waseTransbakalia kunye ne-Urals. Nangona kunjalo, i-rural rublelll yayixhaphakile ikakhulu ngexesha likaPeter - i. Namhlanje yindawo ephelelwe lixesha, eyona iphambili - eTransbaikalia. Okokugqibela, amatye e-fumes aseMelika, eMadagascar, eJamani, iRiphabliki yaseCzech, e-Afrika.

Izimvo

Kuxhomekeka kwi-hue ekhoyo kwiZimbiwa, ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zahlulahlulwe:

  • Umfunwa obomvu obomvu nge-lilac shade-sibirin;

  • Izimbiwa nge-tint ebomvu-i-apic;

  • Ilitye leRuby lilitye le-ralberry;

  • I-raspberry, kunokuba i-berry, irubhilit ibizwa ngokuba yiDaurit.

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_13

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_14

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, izimbiwa ze-cherry ezimnyama zeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, zikhangeleka njengeerubhi eziyinyani.

Iipropathi

Ixabiso leminerali lixhomekeke kumbala. Njengalo naliphi na ilitye, uba ngumniniyo kuphela ukuba umnini womhombiso unesimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo kunye neengcinga ezintle.

Ngokwasemzimbeni

Isithunzi esipinki selitye sibangelwa kukungcola kweManganese kuwo. Inengxaki engezantsi kwe-avareji (2.9-3.26 gr / cm cube). Ikristali ineenxantathu, eneekona ezijikelezileyo, ubume. Kwindalo, ifumaneka kwimo yomodwa okanye i-dub-dub (inaliti okanye i-radial-raint-raint).

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_15

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_16

Ngobunzima obuncinci ngokwaneleyo, ilitye linamandla amakhulu-emva kokuqhubela phambili akunakwenzeka ukuqhekeza. I-rulllit inenye ipropathi enomdla-xa ishushu, itsalela amaphepha amancinci.

Isakhiwo seRubillite sinokuba matte okanye sicace gca. Iindidi zesibini zamatye zixabisekile kwaye zisetyenziselwa ubucwebe (amakhonkco, amacici, amacici, iicicus, imihlobiso yentloko). Amatye eMatte ahlala ebanjelwa ziibhlukhwe, izinto ezizezobhedu. Izimbiwa ezinkulu zeMatte zisetyenziselwa i-fakes, izinto zangaphakathi.

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_17

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_18

Umlingo

Ilitye linceda umnini wakhe ukuba ahlukane noloyiko lwangaphakathi kunye nokungakhuseleki. Ikwaqwalaselwa njengelitye lokuvumela umntu ukuba afumane amathuba amatsha akhe, abona kwaye atyhile amandla alo. Umntu one-rubellit yakhe, ngokucacileyo ubona usukelo kwaye uya kuye, ngaphandle kokwandisa iMicimbi encinci nengacocekanga.

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_19

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_20

Eli litye likwakhuthaza, litshabalalisa ukuphoxeka ebomini kunye nothando. Uyakwazi ukuphefumla ngokoqobo kumnini wakhe, ukufezekisa iinjongo zabo xa imiphumo sele ikwisiphumo. Ihlala ifundiswa kumandla omntu inika amandla kwisenzo. Lilitye leruby elivumela ukuba lingakhathali kwiinjongo zabo, lihambisa amandla kwicala elifanelekileyo.

I-Allron yasezulwini yesinerali ye-Planethi inguVenuner, kwaye ke umlawuli uyanceda kwimicimbi ye-Irg. Ukuba ilitye linembali leyo, umhombiso onjalo uya kutsala na impendulo enothando ebomini bawo. Iboniswe kumntu wakhe amthandayo njengesipho, umhombiso uya kunceda ezomeleza iimvakalelo, iya kwenza i-ivism, ukucaciswa kunye nokuzinza kubudlelwane.

Eli litye likuvumela ukuba "uphinde uphinde" uphinde uvele "imvakalelo ekhawulezayo, thintele imbonakalo ye" eyongezelelweyo ". I-rulllit ibuyisela ubushushu obutsha kunye nothando.

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_21

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_22

Kungatsho ukuba iRubillite lilitye lecace. Unciphisa uxinzelelo kwaye unika uxolo lwengqondo ngamava nangokuba nengxaki eyomeleleyo. Kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe ukukhetha abantu abangakwazanga ukucela ingcebiso nenkxaso.

Kukwakholelwa ukuba ilitye likhusela kwimpembelelo engalinganiyo-ukuhleba, ukonakala, ubugqwirha. Amandla aqaqambileyo anomtsalane we-rubellit enza ukuba abantu bakhe bathande abantu, kunye nabantu bokuyila.

NgokukaFengshui, I-rubellit ibhekisa kwinto yomlilo, ke ibekwe kwindlu kwicandelo elingezantsi. Ukucamngca ngaphezulu kwelitye kunokuseta amandla amabi kunye nokubiza iimvakalelo ezifanelekileyo. Kule nto, ilitye ligcinwe kwinqanaba lesifuba, sivakalelwe lixesha lokuba i-pinkish ilifu livula yonke into ejikeleze.

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_23

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_24

Ukuphiliswa

I-rubellit ibizwa ngokuba lilitye elinamandla okuphucula inkumbulo, inciphise amaphupha obumnyama kwaye isebenze imvelaphi. Ukongeza, iphucula ukugaya, iphucula ukhuselo, inefuthe elihle kwimo yenkqubo ye-nervous system. Iziphumo eziyingenelo zeminerali isebenza kumsebenzi wamagqwirha-ngokuyintloko kwinkqubo ye-endocrine. Ukongeza, inegalelo ekuphuculeni iinkqubo zemetabolic emzimbeni.

I-REGLLLLELS ORLLELELUTH LOLWAZI LOKUGQIBELA LOLWAZI LOKUSETYENZISWA KOKUSETYENZISWA KWEENKCUKACHA ZESIFUNDO. Bakwanceda nakwizifo zentliziyo yentliziyo kunye neenkqubo zentambo. I-rubellit ithathwa njengelitye lendoda, kuba iyonyusa i-potency, iphucula impilo yabameli besini esomeleleyo.

Amaxabiso omhlaba omnyama onesidima ngakumbi kwimpilo emzimbeni, ngelixa amatye emibala yokukhanya ayanxulumana nendawo yokomoya neyeemvakalelo yabantu. Ezokugqibela bayacetyiswa ukuba bangaphezulu, uxinzelelo, iingxaki ezisasazeke, iingxaki zokulala.

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_25

I-Pink yePink yePink ithathwa njengelitye lobuhle-linefuthe eliyingenelo kwimeko yolusu, elinika umthunzi osemthunzi kunye nemitha. Ukongeza, ilitye elinepinki elipinki linxulunyaniswa nomsebenzi wengqondo-kuyanceda ukuphucula inkumbulo, sigcina ukusuka kwi-overvolli yengqondo.

Ngubani ophakamayo?

I-rublit lilitye lemiqondiso yomoya ye-zodiac. Uninzi lwazo zonke, ilitye lilungele amadoda. Uya kunika umnini ukuzithemba, isibindi, isibindi. Isikali sabafazi, ngenxa yerub, ziya kuba sizolile, zijolise ekudaleni ubusika bosapho. Ilitye le-Scoripion liya kunceda ukufumana amandla ngokwesondo, intembelo kumandla abo madoda. Iingonyama kunye noo-Aries uya kuzenzela impilo, gcwalisa ubomi 'ngamandla "alungileyo".

Ilitye lomhlaza liya kuvumela ukugcina amandla kunye "nengqondo ebandayo" kwiimeko ezinzima. Kuya kunceda abonise intuindition kwaye ngaloo ndlela zithintele ukudubula. Ukuze uSagittarius, iZimbile inokuba luhlobo lwe-navigator, enokugwetywa sisiphumo esinempumelelo okanye asiphumelelanga. Eyona nto iphambili kukufunda indlela "yokuqonda" ilitye.

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_26

I-rubellite efanelekileyo iya kuba yeya kuba imiqondiso ye-zodiac njenge-sagittarius, leo, eCapricorn. Kwi-LVV, ngendlela, i-rubellit ithathwa njengenye yezona zinto zisebenzayo nezinamandla. Kufuneka inxitywe emzimbeni. Kule meko, i-talisman iya kunika uncedo kwaye inkxaso, amandla okomoya kunye nokunyamezela ngokomoya.

Izinto zokomoya ezinamandla zinokuthembela kwilitye - izimbiwa ziya kunceda ukugcina ingqondo ecacileyo, ukuba zingaphoswa yilahleko yemali, ziphephe iintshukumo zobuqhetseba ngokwakho. Imeko ebalulekileyo kukunxiba ilitye olufunekayo kwisandla kwaye kuphela ngeengcinga ezinyulu.

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_27

Impembelelo efanayo iya kuba nosompempe kunye nabameli beentlanzi. Ukongeza, iya kumkhusela umnini wayo ukuba ahlebeze kwaye iingcinga ezimbi. Umlawuli uya kunceda ekutyhileni amandla, aya kunika amandla okuqiniseka, okuya kukhokelela kwimpilo-ntle yenyama.

Kodwa amawele kufuneka alawulwe ngesilumkiso. Okona kulungileyo, ilitye liya kubonisa amandla ngokungathathi cala ngokunxulumene nomniniyo. Kodwa ukuba uneengcinga ezimbi kunye neenjongo ezimbi, emva koko ruellite uyakwazi ukwenzakalisa.

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_28

Ayikhuphinyiswa ngamatye kunye nabasetyhini kwi-kikages. Ngokufanelekileyo, ilitye liya kuba luvalo nje olungabonisi iipropathi zemilingo nezonyango. Amadoda kwi-Devans Ruvallite anikiwe. Ngenxa yokunxiba kwakhe - utshintsho lwendalo kwindalo, ukuthamba, ukungakhathali. Ayilungelanga ilitye kunye neCapricorn. Akukho sidingo sokunxiba okanye sigcine nje endlwini.

Njengommiselo, umthunzi ogcwele kakhulu we-rubellitis (ibomvu, iCrimson, Cherry) inxitywe ngabantu. Amatye anyibilikayo (i-pinkish-bod) ngabafazi.

Ukuhonjiswa kweLizwe ngokucetywayo kucetyiswa kwezi meko zilandelayo:

  • Ngobume boxinzelelo, ukwehla imikhosi, emva kwevolthi enenvoture enkulu-i-rubellite ye-rubellite okanye ubuhlalu;
  • Nge-mgranes, iintloko-ubuhlalu kweli litye;
  • Ngamaphupha asebusuku okanye, ngokuchasene noko, i-insomnia, irubhilit iyacetyiswa ukuba ifakwe phantsi komqamelo;
  • Ngomlomo wothando kunye nokutshayelwa kweemvakalelo kusapho-iringi ene-reddish-rugrish-rugrish (kufuneka inxibe ngomnwe osekhohlo).

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_29

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_30

Iipropathi ezomeleleyo zonyango kunye neepropathi zemilingo zizaliswe kakhulu kwii-minerals zemibala yegolide. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhombiso ulungele umntu, ilitye lesilivere linokuba yi-amulet enokuthenjwa. Inqaku elibalulekileyo-umhombiso kunye ne-coctomaline ayikhuthaziswa ukuba inxibe ngokungapheliyo ngaphandle kokususa. Oku kunokubangela ubungakanani bembono yenyani, "utshixe" emhlabeni.

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_31

Njani ukufumanisa inyani?

Ezona zinzima kakhulu kwi-fake i-fake ipinki yepinki. Xa ifudumele (eyile, uninzi lokuxeliswa lwenziwe) lufumana umthunzi omdaka okanye ongathandekiyo. Ukukhanya kuya kunceda ukwahlula inkohliso-ngokukhanya okuqinileyo, ipinki yabakhenkethi iba brownish. Ukuba oku akwenzekanga, emva koko ngaphambi kokuba uqiniseke.

Xa uthenga iRubellit, kubalulekile ukuba unikele ingqalelo kwezinye parameter.

  1. Ilitye lokwenyani liqinile kwaye lihlala liqinisekile, akunakwenzeka ukukhangela. Yintoni engayi kwandula kuthiwa ngenyani.
  2. Kuyimfuneko ukufudumeza imithetho, emva koko uzise amagqabi amancinci kuyo. Ilitye lokwenyani liya kuqala ukutsala, inkohliso ayiphantsi kwamandla.
  3. Njengommiselo, ilitye lendalo alunangqondo ingenasiphoso - indlela enye okanye enye ngaphakathi kuyo kukho i-slicts, ezona zincinci zincinci.
  4. Kuyimfuneko ukubamba ukhenketho ezandleni. Ukuba wakrokrela kwangoko ubushushu, awulilo ilitye lokwenene, kodwa inyani.

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_32

I-rulllit (iifoto ezingama-33): Yintoni kwaye ijongeka njani? Ixabiso le-Fink Tink Tourmaline, uMlingo kunye neepropathi zonyango lwe-Ural Siberia 3294_33

Le migudu inokwenziwa ngaphambi kokuthenga, kodwa emva kwabo (Nokuba ilitye liphume "

Inkathalo kunye nokugcinwa

Ngokuthenga i-rablit, kufanelekile ukuthenga ityala ngeendonga ezithambileyo ukuze uthenge imeko yokugcina. Ngaphandle kokuchasana neziphumo zokukhanya kwelanga, le mineral ingcono ukuyigcina kwimeko. Umzuzu obalulekileyo-akufuneki ugcine iRublillit namanye amatye. Ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, ilitye ngalinye libe nendawo yalo, kuba bonke banamandla ahlukeneyo.

      Ukuba ilitye liphuphayo, lanele ukuyisula nge-rag ngesepha, emva koko lihlambe phantsi kwamanzi abalekayo. Yomile ilitye libe leluthi ngokwemvelo. Ukuba oku kucoca akuzange kuncede, kungcono ukuyinika iworkshop yejwabi. Apho iya kucocwa kwaye inyibilikisiwe. Ukubhenela ekusetyenzisweni kobukrwada okanye i-alkaline, kunye neendlela ezithe zonakalisayo, azimkelekanga.

      Malunga neentlobo zootyelelo olulandelayo zixelelwa kwividiyo elandelayo.

      Funda ngokugqithisileyo