I Urals ngokufanele ngokuba ebuncwaneni Russia. Le bhokisi malachite ezaliswe ezahlukeneyo ngamatye anqabileyo.
Inkcazo
elide ngayo ukuba ndikhuphe ngamatye amahle phambene, ukususela ekudalweni abafuduki zokuqala Russian. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVI, ikharavani nempahla ukusuka Solikamsk ukuya Tours kunye Tyumen waqalisa ukuhamba ukusuka eYurophu Asia umva. Emva koko ke ekrwada intsimbi uyaziwa, yaye emva kwakhe, ukuba bafane amatye ezahlukeneyo - neagati neyaspisi. Ukukhankanywa kwabo okokuqala kuvela kwinkulungwane XVII.
Ngelo xesha, imigodi lwaqhutywa yi unokwakhela, zamaqula lwenziwa ngoncedo Kirk kunye nemihlakulo. Emigodini, Schurfs kunye Tsorni phantse akazange ukomeleza nto, kwaye lo msebenzi ingozi hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yempilo, kodwa ubomi. Amaxesha amaninzi, ubuncwane ezintle bafumana nje phezu komhlaba, kwiindonga imilambo kunye nemisinga, yawa ngexesha unyango iigadi. Emgodini alandela kuqala nje wathengisa amatye wedobo kubathengi. Kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe waqalisa ukuvela iinkosi, wayisusa ukwenza Imi, yenza iibhokisi yokuqala, imihombiso, zezikhumbozo.
Kule Urals, kukho phantse zonke izimbiwa umdla phakathi bejewellery, kwaye kukuninzi. Abanye babo bafumane kuphela kule ndawo.
Xa inzululwazi mineralogy, kukho ezifana kwexesha njenge "ngumcu bokwenene Urals". Nguwo lo ummandla kukuvela amatye anqabileyo, semi-ezixabisekileyo eyahlukeneyo ibekwe kwi kwithambeka elingasempuma phambene Iintaba. ubude bayo ukusuka emantla ukuya ezantsi, malunga ne-100 km. Kwinqanaba leengcali, amatye yaseGeorge waqalisa ukufunda kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX.
Idiphozithi kunye nezimbiwa
Yedipozithi wokuqala kunazo Slobod Murzinka ngelo xesha. Kwaba apha ngo-1668 la matye yokuqala afunyanwa ngabazalwana Tumashev. Apha, ubomi zokuhlala iye yatshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Abahlali kwiilali ezikufuphi baqalisa GEMS isicatshulwa. Superfathers abavela kwezinye iindawo baqalisa ukuza apha, le lali ikhula.
Uphuhliso olulolunye, ityala ilitye efunyenwe ebudeni bolawulo uPetros Omkhulu. Ezazikhutshwe umthetho, njengoko apho umntu kufuna kwaye sifumana izimbiwa kunye naphi na, babulele apho imizi-mveliso ezininzi kule Urals. Ngelo xesha, ukwakhiwa St. Petersburg kwaqaliswa. Ngaphezu iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngamatye, kwakunye iinkosi abayaziyo indlela oza kuyicombulula ngayo, zacelwa ukuba yokwakha izakhiwo uhombise kunye amabhotwe. I Urals baqalisa ukuthumela zemigodi iingcali ukuze aququzelele ixhoba kwisikali ekunene.
Ukuze engaphezu 200 iminyaka yophuhliso, amakhulu iitoni ubuncwane ezibalaseleyo kunye namatye semi-anqabileyo - netopazi, Berylov, Alexandrites kunye nabanye abaninzi ezazithinjwe Murzinsky Rudniks.
I-South phambene kwakhona yindawo zemigodi of amethyters iyakhanya ezintle.
Enye imali odumileyo yi Malyshevsky. Ikhupha iikarbhunkolo ezixabisekileyo ubuhle emangalisayo. Esebenza ngayo ngoku. Ngowe-1993, crystal zalishumi 1.2 eekhilogremu yayiveliswa kule am, yaye ngo-2013 ebunzima kancinane ngaphezu lohamba nekhilogram enye.
Ikratshi Urals kunokuthiwa, nekhadi lebhizinisi, kwiminyaka emininzi yi Malachite. Ukususela ekuqaleni XVIII yaye ngenkulungwane XIX, eli litye yayiveliswa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Malachite yasetyenziswa ukuze nokuveliswa caskets, tabletops, zitsha, amibala eludongeni, njengezikhumbuzo ezahlukeneyo amancinci. Yena wathengisa amazwe. Umzekelo, e-Versailles kukho ezindlini ezihonjiswe iipleyiti likhazimlisiwe ukusuka kweli litye.
Xa intsomi ye phambene Rudokopov kunye abafuna, imifanekiso ezifana entabeni yobhedu iindwendwe yakhe, apho umnini ubuncwane komhlaba kwaye ukunceda abasebenzi ngokunyaniseka uphendlo lwabo.
Le imigodi emikhulu Malachite yaba emgodini Gumbyshevsky.
Kyshtymsky, Tagil kunye Mednodyansky baba lidume. Ngoku aqulunqa iidiphozithi eziphicothwe of malachite phantse ngokupheleleyo, kuphela kwezinye iindawo sisenako ukufumana iisampuli yayimfutshane ngesithomo. Noko ke, ezinye izazinzulu, komhlaba kunye mineralogues baqinisekile ukuba ezinzulwini Urals zininzi oovimba engekashunyayelwa eli litye emangalisayo. Ngoko ke ukufuna usaqhubeka, yaye mhlawumbi kuza kubakho omnye era ulwandile malachite.
Izimvo
Le Urals kuhlangana iindidi kwezimbiwa. Le ilandelayo ke zifakwe kuluhlu. Natural amatye anqabileyo kunye nezo anqabileyo.
- Alexandrite . Ivala phezulu ngemigca imali eninzi kakhulu yaye kunqabile ehlabathini. isici sayo lisahlulayo ukutshintsha ngombala oluhlaza kunye ukukhanya bendalo, kwayingqombela, zedolophu. Igama yafunyanwa imbeko Russian loMlawuli Alexander Second. Okwangoku, idiphozithi Alexandrite kwi Urals kucingwa ukuba ziqulunqwe, bezemigodi ilitye ayivelanga.
- I-ameTotiste . Ngu ukwakheka chemical i zwi. It has a umbala omsobo, kwenzeka ngumsinga bubomvu. Ezintle nje kuphela Imi, kodwa ngokohlobo abahlobo kunganyangwa. amethysts phambene phesheya ibizwa ngokuba Siberian.
Ngokutsho ubuhle, ukuba liqikelelwa kwi umyalelo sezingeni eliphezulu kwe eCeylon kunye eBrazil.
- I-emerald . Ngokutsho kwesigama mineralogical, loluka beryls of eluhlaza. It is a ubuncwane iqela lokuqala, kunye eziphezulu ezintlanu, ezibiza kakhulu kubo, elifumileyo kwindawo yesithathu ebekekileyo. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala yabhaqwa 1830. Iikarbhunkolo zonke iidipozithi phambene luphawulwa onobunzulu Ukwanda eluhlaza.
- Topaz . Famous Umphandi, Mineralog, Academician Alexander Evgenievich Fersman wathi Russian Topases ahluka yi imibala kunye nobuhle phakathi ubuncwane ezinjalo ezivela kwamanye amazwe, kwaye unelungelo ngokuba tikukumuxa. Amatye ezivela zeentsebenzo ezahlukeneyo bahluka umbala. Umzekelo, ziikristale ezingenambala afumaneka Ilmenogorsk nebhanti. Amatye inkulu kilograms ngaphezulu kwe-10. Yellow and blue bekho Murzi kunye Audoisk. Iqhosha, pink bamantshontsho - kule Urals esemazantsi.
- Demantoid, okanye sokuqhumisa eluhlaza. inqabile kakhulu kwaye uninzi kubiza zonke iziqhushumbisi ezaziwayo. Ilitye yokuqala eyafumanekayo 1868, kummandla Nizhny Tagil. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-6, kamva, ngowe-1874, Demantoids baqalisa ukuba kwenziwe kwi Sute Rudnik. Umbala amatye zisenokwahluka: eluhlaza, zepistasi, bulubhelu nobusi, yegolide.
Le refraction ye imisebe ukukhanya demantoids emva kokuba cut ifaniswa ngedayimani. kakhulu bayazazisa kulo lonke ihlabathi.
- Idayimane . Enye izimbiwa inzima. Akunakuze kubekho imibala eyahlukileyo. Amaninzi kwenzeka emhlophe, oluselubala, omnyama, engwevu. Iikopi kunye ithinti oluhlaza, omdaka, otyheli, oluhlaza kunye pink eze kuyo. Yeedayimane le Urals ziphakathi imali eninzi kakhulu.
- Mariinskit . Wokufumana entsha izazinzulu. Ngo-2011, i-izimbiwa kwavulwa i phambene kwiiNtaba, kumafa kwayo kakhulu Alexandrit. Ilitye oluhlaza, xa ukutshintsha izibane, umbala akaguquguquki.
- Aquamarine . Kubhekisele, ufana nelesmarado, kwiqela Berill. Ekuqaleni safumanisa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX, phezu intsimi Aduchsky, kumantla Yekaterinburg. It has elubala okulungileyo oluhlaza wasezulwini.
Kwi-Middle Urals, iidipozithi osisityebi tourmalines, crystal intaba, zwi nomsi, chrysolites, berylov eyahlukeneyo kunye namanye amabali amaninzi amnandi ekumgangatho ophezulu zavuleka.
Zonke ezi minerals ezisetyenziswa kakhulu izacholo.
Iqela eyahlukileyo zimele amatye ekuthiwa-ntlobo. zokuhombisa azibizi - namacici, amaso, namakhonkco, izacholo. Kananjalo ezahlukeneyo manani, zitsha, nqwelo, icuba. Avamise kakhulu ke zilandelayo.
- Malachite . Kakhulu ilitye odumileyo phambene. Soft, ngokulula ukuqhubekekiswa, kunokuba cut, cuba, olugudisiweyo. Ipatheni yokuqala ngobunono phezu cut ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise kuyo imveliso kaMoses, ukuhombisa ngaphakathi.
- Orlets, okanye Rodonit. I phambene na isitokhwe inkulu ezi zilwanyana. Umbala izimbiwa yahluka ukusuka pink ukukhanya ebumnyameni-cherry, kunye iintlobo ezininzi zezinto abangasekhoyo. Amaninzi, nqwelo, zitsha, zezibane ngapha nangapha kulo.
- Jasper . Kwi-Urals, iintlobo ezisi-8 zeli litye ezahlukeneyo zambiwa. Ingakumbi ininzi yawo kumazantsi, i-cliffs iphela evela kwiJasper ivela. Iskimu sombala sihlukaniswe ziintlobo: luhlaza, grey, tyheli, thuzi ezibomvu kwindibaniselwano kunye nemizobo. Iminerali iqhubeka, inikezele ngokuqhubekeka nokulungisa, ijika iimveliso ezigqwesileyo kuyo.
- Inyoka . Ilitye ngesakhiwo esithambileyo. Ibala elimnyama liluhlaza liluhlaza okanye luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ijongeka ngathi sisikhumba senyoka, ngoko ke inelinye igama - "Zmeeeevik".
- Pyrite . Inamandla amakhulu, kodwa iqhubekile kakuhle. Ifaka imibala etyheli-yegolide, ngokungqongqo kuyabonakala kukhanya, ifana nesinyithi.
- I-challcedon kunye neentlobo zakhe - I-Agat, Onyx, Iliso elithi, i-carnen, monokvik. Kule minerals yenza amakhonkco, amacici, ukumiswa. Umbala wamatye lunokuba lolona lwahlukileyo: luhlaza, tyheli, lumdaka, luhlaza, luhlobo lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo.
- I-Nephrigis . Green-grey, luhlaza oluqaqambileyo, ngamanye amaxesha mhlophe. Ubulukhuni buphakamile. Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweembovane.
Isicelo
Kwiinkulungwane ezininzi, iimveliso ezivela kwi-Oral Gems zineqhayiya ngeRussia. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumasebe ahlukeneyo obucwebe ubucwebe kunye namatye kunye nobugcisa bamatye. Imisebenzi emangalisayo yeenkosi ze-Ural iphezulu kakhulu . Izinto zangaphakathi, izikhumbuzo, ii-caskes, ubucwebe kunye nokuhonjiswa okukhethekileyo zibango kakhulu kungekuphela kwilizwe lethu, kodwa ngaphaya koko.
La matye alandelayo angamatye okwenyani ye-Urals. Umbala ohlukileyo, ubume, isicelo, kodwa mhle kakhulu.
Amagqabantshintshi ngee-gural ges jonga ividiyo elandelayo.