Enye yezixhobo ezingaqhelekanga, ukuba uninzi lwethu alwazi kwaphela, yi-carillon. Zifakwe ikakhulu kwiicawa nakwi-Bell towernqamele kakhulu ukubaluleka. Imbali yokubonakala kwesi sixhobo, inkcazo, kunye neendawo apho unokuva khona isidumbu eCarsillon, siza kuqwalasela kweli nqaku.
Yintoni?
I-Carillon sisixhobo esikhethekileyo somculo esinexabiso elithile leentsimbi zobungakanani obahlukeneyo. Zimiselwe kumyalelo owodwa we-chromatic phakathi kwe-2 ukuya kwi-6 octave. Isandi sesixhobo esixhomekeke kuphela kubungakanani bentsimbi, kodwa nakwizinto zokwenza, malunga nendlela ephoswa ngayo, kunye ne-Bell tower Acoustics. I-orchestra evela kwiileyile idlala ngenxa yokuba zonke izinto zilungisiwe kwindawo yokuhlala, kwaye iilwimi zangaphakathi ziqhagamshelwe ngocingo olunoyilo olukhethekileyo, olunamaqhosha ahleliweyo.
Intsimbi nganye yenza inqaku layo ngokwesimo.
Iicarillons zinokulawulwa iindlela ezi-3.
- Kulawulo lomatshini, kuthatha ukusebenzisa imigqomo emikhulu ngemingxunya apho iingcebiso ezibukhali zinokubonwa khona.
- Nge-elektroniki, lonke ulawulo lukuphela kwekhompyuter kuphela.
- Kwincwadana yemigaqo-enkosi ukothuka ngezandla kunye nemilenze, kunye nokucinezela imilenze kwi-levers. Ndiyabulela kubo, unokutshintsha isandi samanqaku kunye namandla ayo.
Umgaqo wokusebenza kwesixhobo esinjalo ufana nomzimba, kuphela endaweni yemibhobho esetyenziswe ziintsimbi.
Imbali yesixhobo somculo
Enkosi kwimidlalo yezinto zakudala eTshayina, kunokutshiwo ukuba ii-farillons zokuqala zazisekwinkulungwane ye-BC. Emva kokufunda kwesixhobo, kwavela ukuba kunoluhlu olukhulu lwesandi, kwaye intsimbi nganye inokwenza isandi kwiitoni ezi-2, ukuba uyibetha kumacala ahlukeneyo.
EYurophu, iicarillons zavela kwiinkulungwane ze-XV, ukukhankanywa kwazo ukubuyela kwi-1478. EFrance kunye neNetherlands babesetyenziswa ngexesha lonqulo kwiicawa zamaKatolika. Bafakwe kwiiyure zenqaba, emva koko basetyenziswa njengesixhobo somculo.
Ukudlala isixhobo kwakubekekile kakhulu, kwaye ubuqhetseba babahlutha.
Iicalullons ezifakwe kwiitempile zamaKatolika zazimele ukuba neentsimbi ezingama-23 ezibekwe kwiintsimbi ezingama-23 ezibekwe kumyalelo we-chromatic. Kwi-orthodox, yonke into yayihlukile. Intsimbi nganye elandelayo kufuneka ibe ngamaxesha amabini ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kunangaphambili. Oku kungqina ukuba izixhobo zibonakala ngokuzimeleyo omnye komnye.
Kwisixeko saseDunkirkk kwabakho ukuboniswa kokuqala kwesi sixhobo ngokwenza oko kwenziwa ziingoma ezintsha zomculo, kwaye uJan Van Bevever wayila ikhibhodi ekhethekileyo. Ngo-1481, inkosi engaziwayo edlalwe kuyo kwi-arast, kwaye ngo-1487 i-Elissus ethile ihlawulwe eAntwerp. Ngo-1510, i-carillon yaqokelelwa kwi-AudidDard kunye ne-shaft yomculo kunye neentsimbi ezili-9. Sele kwisiqingatha senkulungwane, uhlobo lweselula lwasungulwa.
Ukuthandwa kunye nokuphuhliswa kwesixhobo akuzange kumi, nyaka ngamnye inani lezixhobo zanda kuphela. Ngo-1652, i-castillon esekwe kakuhle yeentsimbi ezingama-51 ezinesandi esilinganayo savela. Nangona wayenolonwabo oluxabisekileyo, wayenandipha imfuno enkulu de idabi laseHolland naseGiland yaqala. Ke ekupheleni kwe-Xvii iqalile imfazwe yamazwe aseSpain, ukwehla koqoqosho ekuqaleni, ke ukuveliswa kweecarlons kuye kunciphe kakhulu.
Ukuvuselelwa kwesixhobo kwaqala eBelgium, kwisixeko saseMechelen, kuphela kwinkulungwane yeXix. Wamkelwa njengeziko lomculo weCarlillon. Ngoku lukhona ukhuphiswano lwabantu abadumileyo lwamanye amazwe lokudlala kwi-rillillion ebizwa ngokuba "kukumkanikazi Fabiola". Zonke iingxaki kunye nophuhliso olutsha olunxulumene nobugcisa bomdlalo luxoxwe ngokuthe ngqo apho.
Okwangoku, iikhabhathi ezi-4 ezinkulu zidlala esixekweni, eyona nto inkulu inezilothi ze-197. Enye yazo iselfowuni kwaye isetyenziselwa iziganeko ezihlaziyiweyo. Ime kwitrolleny yokhuni, eqengqeleka kwisikwere. Esi sixhobo, kwafakwa intsimbi endala yesixeko, eyayiphoswa nge-1480.
Ezinye izixhobo zikwi-bell tower yeengxowa zedolophu.
E-Munich, isikolo esikhethekileyo sisebenza kufundo lwale sakhono, esisekwe ngo-1922. E. Esabafundi kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathi. Uqeqesho luhamba ngokwahlukeneyo nomfundi ngamnye iminyaka emi-6.
Njengokuba besaziwa kwimbali, bonke ubukho besi sixhobo, malunga nama-6 000 eekopi zenziwe. Inxalenye yabo ilahlekile ngexesha lobusuku. Okwangoku, kuwo onke amazwe, malunga ne-900 ii-carillons zinokubalwa (13 zazo ziseselula), ezona zinzima zinobunzima obuyi-102 iitoni kwaye ziphoswe kubhedu. Ibekwe kwicawa e-United States, ihlanganisene kwiintsimbi ezingama-700, eyona nto inzima inobunzima obungama-20,5 iitoni kwaye inesangqa esiyi-3.5 m.
Iicarillons ezidumileyo eRussia
ERussia, uKrillon wafumana ukuthandwa kwayo ngenxa yomlawuli uPeter I. Isixhobo sathatyathwa kwi-Holland kwaye sasixhotyiswe ngeentsimbi ezingama-35. Kwiminyaka engama-25, ayisetyenziswanga, emva koko yafakwa eSt. Ngo-1756 umlilo wenzekile, kwaye isixhobo sitshiswa phantsi nekati.
I-Erisabet Petrovna yayalela i-analogue yakhe, kodwa i-38 kuphela. Ngo-1776 kusekwe. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, wayecaphukile, kwaye yayikhwaza, kwaye emva kokuba impumelelo itshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo. Ngoku kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezinjalo eRussia.
I-carillon ephindaphindiweyo ivele eSt. Isixhobo saphinda samiselwa i-belfry ye-petropavlovsky catdral. Kwinqaba yentsimbi yentsimbi ye-Bell yeentsimbi zikwiiprom nganye. V I-11 enye-11, kwenye - iintsimbi ezingama-22 ze-orthodox, kwi-11 yesithathu - 18 yeentsimbi ezisele zivela kwisixhobo sokuqala.
Enye i-carillon ikwisiqithi esinqamlezileyo. Esi sisixhobo sanamhlanje nolawulo lwe-elektroniki. Ineentsimbi ezingama-23 ze-elektroniki kunye ne-18.
Kutshanje, isixhobo esinemisila ezine saziswa eHolland, sikwiBelgorod. Uye wasungulwa ezukiswa kwesikhumbuzo sedabi leprookhorovsky. Ukwazi abaphulaphuli ngesandi sesixhobo senzeke ngoJulayi 12, 2019. I-carilillon yanamhlanje yahlukile, ineentsimbi ezingama-51, inokusebenza kwiimodeli ezi-2: umatshini kunye nencwadana yemigaqo. Ukongeza, iselfowuni, inokufakwa kwilori ekhethekileyo kwaye ihamba esixekweni, icela umculo wabalandeli bakhe. Uyilo luyekisiwe lube ngamacandelo ama-3, ke kulula ukuhambisa nakwimoto yabahambi.
Ngo-2001, ngenxa yabajikelezi kwiSixeko saseKondopolo, ekwakwiKarelia, ezi-2 ii-carillons ezivela kwi-18 ne-23 yeentsimbi zafakiwe. Ziswa eNetherlands kwaye zenziwa ngokomyalelo ngamnye.
Isixhobo esikhulu esifakwe ngendlela yolwakhiwo oluvunyiweyo kwi-ice sulace. Le fowuni yentsimbi i-steeel i-14 m ephezulu, idityaniswe neentsimbi kumacala omabini. Ubunzima babo buyi-500 kg.
I-carillon encinci ifakwe kwiZiko leSixeko malunga neMyuziyam yeKindopog. Esi sixhobo siyilo yoyilo elinomdla, indawo engezantsi elungiselelwe ngewotshi, kwaye ephezulu kwi-3 izitepsi ezixhotywe ngeentsimbi. Umculo weCarlillon udlala yonke iyure kwi-40 eyahlukileyo yokuphumeza.
