Balalaika (iifoto 50): Bangaphi imitya yaye yintoni ndlela baye isixhobo umtya-pin zomculo? Ingaba ijongeka kanjani? Imbali ukuvela abantu Russian balalaika

Phantse ngamnye wethu nomdla izixhobo zomculo womthonyama ye kwilizwe elithile. Iiplastiki engaqhelekanga, idangatya izandi creaky, amaculo, eqaqambileyo elungiswe kakuhle yaye imperceptible, incinci kunye, inkulu. Uninzi lwezi izixhobo zomculo kukho imiqondiso eyaye yanxulunyaniswa izizwe. Enye yezi Balalaika. Malunga kwimbali imvelaphi yayo, iintlobo, ubuqili isakhiwo kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ufunde kweli nqaku.

History of imvelaphi

ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga ngubani yaye apho esi sixhobo weza ayikho. Sisihlandlo sokuqala ukuba libhalwe kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII. Chaza ayikho kakhulu elungileyo, njengoko kungenxa yokuba Balalaika sasifana Derru, ngelo xesha vala. Isizathu soku pretty banal: imibongo intlekisa bephelekwa umdlalo ku domra kunye nezixhobo efanayo. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, abalawuli Russia ambiguously baphathwe le sixhobo - they vala, bona ngokwabo wayephulaphule virtuoso-balalachenics.

Ngokutsho komnye iinguqulelo, Balalaika kuqala wavela abantu eTurkey. Bala yaguqulelwa njenge "umntwana", yaye isixhobo yasetyenziswa lasenza. Enye inguqulelo ukuvela uthi Balalaika sesona sixhobo intsomi yamahlwempu kuphela Russian kwaye wafumana igama lawo ukufana ne elithi "balalago". Ngenxa yoko, kukholelwa ukuba khona balalaika na kummandla Russia mihla kunye Asia, kodwa wasungula kuyo bantu ezilula.

Ekuqaleni imbonakalo yakhe, Balalayak wabizwa ngokuba "Balabay".

Ngokutsho iingxelo-mbali nabaphandi, i Balalaik wamandulo ifomu olukhulu kulowo ngawo owoyamaniswe. Izixhobo yokuqala zazenziwe emele yaye imilo ajikelezayo. iminyaka kuphela malunga 300 okanye ngaphantsi edlulileyo unxantathu balalaika kwabonakala. Kwinqanaba zokuqala bobukho bayo, kwaba kuphela ukusuka ku-5 ukuya abafana 7. Ngenkulungwane XVIII, Balalaika wazuza ethandwa, oko wadlala kwanaphakathi basebukhosini kunye Ikonsathi amalungiselelo. Vasily Andreev Vasily Andreev wongeza igalelo elikhulu kule meko. Wadala lomculo evela iimvumi edlala balalaica, nabo bonke ubomi bakhe eyayinikelwe into ngcono kwaye yathandwa isixhobo. Xa indalo lwezixhobo kwi imizobo yabo, umhlobo wakhe - S. Nalimov banceda. Koko (kwinkulungwane elandelayo), yokuthandwa kwayo, wawa, yena wafumana igama njengesixhobo okukruqulayo uyilo Russian. Ngoku imeko ibe ngcono: Zidalwa amaqela zomculo, izikolo zomculo uvule, Balalaika yinxalenye olusisinyanzelo orchestra.

incazelo jikelele

Kukholelwa ukuba uBilalaika sisixhobo esithandwayo saseRussia, sibhekisa kumtya wokulinganisa. Uphawu olufanayo lwabantu, kunye ne-vismonic kunye ne-husls. "Izalamane" zakhe ezikufutshane - - iDordera, i-DoMMMRO, UKILEA, Bandara kunye, ewe, iGuitar. Eyona nxalenye iphambili yesixhobo inemilo yonxantathu kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-apron. Ufumene igama lakhe kuba ijongeka ngathi yi-fria yabekwa yiRolk. Kukwavuthi, ikakhulu yenziwe kwi-fir kunye nefir. Inxalenye ende ibizwa ngokuba yi-tyrick. Ubude obufanayo njenge-Apron. Kusentlungwini yokuba imitya kunye neelebheli zikhona. Ekupheleni, i-facture igobile. Elona candelo lokugqibela lesixhobo liyindawo yokugqibela. Inezilayi ezintathu zokuncedisa ukuhlengahlengisa uxinzelelo lwentambo.

I-Balalaika, izandi ezihlekisayo zibonakaliswa, kwaye eyona iphambili ehambelana noTremolo. Thenga isixhobo esihle eRussia kulula kakhulu, iyathengiswa phantse yonke ivenkile yomculo. Iimodeli zexabiso eliphantsi zinokubiza ngaphantsi kwamawaka ali-10, kwaye ixabiso leekopi ezinkulu zinokufikelela kumakhulu ee-ruble. Iitekhnoloji zale mihla ziyakuvumela ukuba ube nombono wombono womculo, mhlawumbi oku kungenxa ye-spectragram. Yigrafu okanye igrafu emibini ene-curves.

Kwi-spectrogram ye-fictrogram yengoma, edlalwa kwi-Balalalaica, inokubonwa kumanqaku aphezulu kwaye aqhelekileyo.

Isixhobo kunye nokubetha

Esi sixhobo sinesixhobo esilula kwaye sibandakanya iinxalenye ezintathu eziphambili, ngakumbi malunga nokuba siza kuthetha ngezantsi. I-Balilalaika yi-hordophone. Oku kuthetha ukuba lo uyilo lomculo lwenza isandi ngenxa yemitya, i-sandwity phakathi kwamanqaku athile. Ke, kuyavela ukuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo yesixhobo yimitya emithathu. Inani elincinci lenani labo licacisiwe i-trite engaqhelekanga: Abadlali bakabantu babenemitya eyaneleyo, njengoko umdlalo kwizixhobo ezintsonkothileyo zithathe ixesha kunye nomgudu. Ngoku zisetyenziswa ikakhulu i-NYLOLO, ikharbon kunye neentambo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, ubude begridi ziyafana nendawo yokuhlala. I-merezura ixhomekeke koku (inxenye yomtya onokuwudlala). Okukhona uBhalamika, kokukhona amaMezura. Ngaphambili, iintambo zokuhlala zasetyenziswa. I-lads ikwi-jiff, inani labo ukusuka kwi-16 ukuya kwi-31. Ii-frets zahlulwe kwezinye iindawo zezibane: phezulu kunye nezantsi. Ngokungabikho kwabo, isandi somtya ophulukana nomtsalane, kwaye imitya ngokwayo inokulimaza amanye amalungu esixhobo. Ekupheleni kwe-griff, kukho intloko, kukho izilayi. La macandelo abaluleke kakhulu: Iintambo zinenxeba phezu kwazo, ukuba kukho imfuneko, zinokuqina okanye zihlaziywe.

I-APRON inamacandelo aliqela (ngesiqhelo i-6 okanye i-7), iqhagamshelwe. Kuyo, ephuma ecaleni ngaphambili (ebizwa ngokuba emngangathweni) ungabona una - iplagi. Kwakhona kulo ibekwe babetha nenqwelo yezindlu. Ukukhetha, unako ukuthenga evenini. It is a isixhobo esiguqula lo oscillation ontambo kwi yangoku. Okulandelayo, lo umqondiso nga kuqwalaselwa kwaza kwaveliswa ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ive okanye ukusetyenziswa ukulungiselela iinjongo zakho. It is a isixhobo efanayo kwisiza, kodwa ezenziwe ngentsimbi.

Ubunzima Amanzi balalak zesintu kg-2 ukuya ku-5. Balayki-bass anokuyisebenzisa ukusuka kg-10 ukuya kwi-30. Ethetha isandla balalaika-prima, ungenza phawula octaves emibini epheleleyo kunye halftones ezintlanu (ukusuka kwi "Mi" kwimakhishithi ye-ilizwi lokuqala nesiphelo kunye ngqalelo ngelamadoda ilizwi wesithathu).

Uluhlu uphawu le balalaika bass iqala kwi "Mi" iinowuthsi sheet kunye iziphelo kunye nenqaku 'ukuya' ngelamadoda ilizwi lokuqala.

Views

Iintlobo balalalak yasungulwa ngenxa imfuneko ngokungqinelana neemfuno modernity.

Academic

Lo ngumzekelo lwesampulu ezaziwa balalak. It yenziwa kunye iqokobhe. Ifanelekile nokufunda ezikolweni umculo, kwaye kananjalo kusetyenziswa iintetho kunye Ikonsathi.

Traditional

Eyona iphambili - iqokobhe ayifakwanga kwi balalaica ezi zilwanyana. Beminyango kulo sibekwe ngaphantsi kunolo kwezemfundo. Ngenxa yoku, i-sixhobo izandi othambileyo. Strings zidla efakwe zalo. Umgama phakathi kwabo inowuthi incinane. Ezinkulu solo abulawe, kwakunye kwabasaqalayo. Ngaphambili, ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX, kwakukho kakhulu yaye imitya ezintandathu. Ngoku ke balalaica-umtya ezintandathu ikhululwe kuphela phantsi kwesikhokelo kuthotho okhethekileyo.

Electroacoustic

Isandi cishe eyahlukileyo akukho ukusuka nucleoside ive. Iphinde izivelise kwakhona emva kokuqhagamshelana kwinethiwekhi. Utshintsha isandi yakhe kuphela emva kokuxhuma iziphumo ezahlukeneyo. Buhle, ungenza uqaphele amathuba kokuxhuma kwisokethi, iingcingo zifihliwe, a nobuninzi ngempumelelo kwamandla kunye sihle ngakumbi, nezinye iintlobo ngokungafaniyo, imbonakalo.

Imihlobo ngobukhulu

Uninzi iintlobo Balalak wasungula F. Pedersbski, uMncedisi Andreeva. Kamva, Persubsky ndafumana igunya balalaika eJamani. Enye inxalenye iintlobo balalalac yaqanjwa Andreev. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, Nalimov esenziwa izicelo zakhe.

Alto

Olu hlobo kakhulu kusetyenziswa njengesixhobo ehamba. Noko ke, kutshanje, ukusebenza kunye Balalaica Alt ngokuya okuqinileyo. Eyona phawu i umtya kwempixano eyomeleleyo (ukususela-50 ukuya kwi-100% xa kuthelekiswa ezantsi).

bass

Sobala, olu hlobo balalaika luyafuneka ukwenza i "imvelaphi ngasemva" emculweni yaye linoxanduva izandi bass eliphantsi. Ububanzi zesixhobo efikelela 80 cm. Imifuziselo Electrical luphawulwa ngobukhulu amancinane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba isandi balalaika bass iphezulu kunolo ikatala bass, kwaye ufana ngaphezulu uyakuthi.

bass double

Ngohlobo lokuba zifunxe izandi kwirejista bass. Le yenye yezinto eziphambili orchestra. Uyahluka ngobukhulu ezinkulu. Ezinye iimodeli ungakwazi ukufikelela ukuya ku 1.7 m ubude. Emazantsi spire ifakiwe ukwenzela ukugcina isixhobo babemile.

Xa oko umdlalo wachacha isandi iba elide yaye unzulu.

Prima

Eyona kakhulu balalaika ngokufanayo, kodwa incinane zonke. ubude balo buyahluka ukusuka 600 ukuya kuma-700 mm. Ngokufuthi uyakwazi ukufumana imifanekiso njengesikhumbuzo. Kuphela yena ingasetyenziselwa imidlalo solo kwi iikonsathi okanye ngethuba loqeqesho.

Isibini

Olu uhlobo liza kusetyenziselwa sihambisana. Noko ke, ezinye iimvumi mihla uzame solo uphumezo usebenzisa yesibini. Ngokuba lo hlobo, lo balalaika iphawulwa ngaphezu kwabo prima, izandi. Oku kusetyenziswa umdlalo tremolo kunye Trill.

Yintoni eyahlukileyo ukusuka domra?

Kuqala kwinto zonke, ndiya kuze ngathi ku qaphela na umahluko, kodwa somanyano kunye ukufana eziphambili - zombini zixhobo iqela Russian, ngokunjalo tweezing. Umahluko eliquka mathuba 6.

1. njengexhalanga Domra abe intamo ende, nto leyo ilingana nezakhiwo ezine, oya kuthi ngalo balalaika - ubude bakhe kuye ezincinane.
2. imilo Case. Domra luhlobo ngeenxa zonke, kwi Balalyaki - siyazi into.
3. Inani strings. Le balalaika iye imitya-3 okanye ezi-4, i Domra ebesoloko imitya emibini.
4. Umtya izinto lemveliso. Metal bekusoloko esisetyenziselwe domra. Kuba balalaika, bazama ukusebenzisa imitya ophilileyo.
5. Sound. Ngenxa imitya intsimbi, isandi domra iyakhala, kodwa ithambile. Xa balalaika ukuba akunjalo ekhalayo, kodwa ukudlala.
6. Balalaika - A Isixhobo dyondzisaka apho ukwazi ukudlala ezininzi iingoma, yaba nkulu ke domra ngaphantsi.

Criterias yokuzikhethela

Kungcono ukuba abe isixhobo live. Okokuqala kufuneka bengqongqoza emgangathweni. Isandi kufuneka zifane kwaye ngaphandle cod. Ezinye izinto kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.

• Appearance. Balalaika angabi umonakalo ngoomatshini (zeetships imikrwelo), iindawo ezaphukileyo. Ifaskoti kufuneka bulingane, nequka. Dec kufuneka ibe mpuluswa kwaye iflethi, ngaphandle esime kunye nezinye izinto. Modern Balalaika kufuneka kuphambuka. Amaqhosha umtya kufuneka ilungiswe kakuhle, ekubetheni ngokwawo kufuneka acoceke yaye ezigudileyo, ngaphandle irusi.

• Zibe lula. Phambi ukuthenga, thatha sisixhobo ezandleni zakho uze uthabathe indawo uya kudlala ngayo. Njengexhalanga akufuneki ukuba obukhulu kakhulu okanye obhityileyo kakhulu. Kukholelwa ukuba kwamaxhalanga ezenziwe nemisimbithi luphawulwa esemgangathweni. Le frets kwi jiff kufuneka likhazimliswe kakuhle kwaye abambelele iminwe ngexesha lomdlalo. metal White kugqalwa umbandela best lokuvelisa.

Yonke umbundu kufuneka zenziwe ngokomgangatho.

• Umgangatho iselwa. Kufuneka zenziwe lamaqhosha metal eqinileyo. Ayikhuthazwa tu into yokuba bafumane izilayi holoholo. Kufuneka kwakhona ezigudileyo kwaye likhazimlisiwe kakuhle. Ayikaqondwa imifuziselo ibengezela makhulu strings.

• Shell. Ukutyabeka efakwe kwi kumgangatho kwaye livale indima yawo. Kufuneka ukuba usikhusele nxamnye umonakalo. wena Xa ukhetha balalaika kunye iqokobhe, kufuneka ahlawule ingqalelo into yokuba imvelaphi inyuselwa khona kwaye wachukumisa nxamnye kumphezulu kumgangatho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba yenziwe zeengxondorha eqinileyo.

• Yima. Ukuma kufuneka ziqinile. Nge ukuma ethambileyo, isandi bomtya ungatshintsha kusengaphambili. ukuma High iza kwenza isandi elibukhali kakhulu, kwaye low - neemvumi ngaphezulu. Ingozi kukuba xesha phezu, ukudlala (ingakumbi lisha) sithi kusetyenziswa ukuya kwenye style isandi nasemveni iyaqhubeka ukudlala kanye oku.

• Wemibhalo. Kubalulekile ukuba banikele ingqalelo imitya. Kufuneka ube nomzimba kakhulu okanye obukhulu kakhulu. Izandi sinika ozolileyo yokuqala, kwaye eyesibini izandi ahlabayo na zizakubalulwa iimvumi. Yeyona imitya zama- kumjonga rhoqo - abakwazi ukumelana elula. strings Replacement akusoloko ishishini ezimnandi fast.

• Belt. Njengomgaqo, nto leyo efunekayo makhwelo iimvumi. indleko yalo malunga 1000 engange. Oku kunamathelana isiphelo ngenxa embundwini eliphezulu, yaye isiphelo yesibini - kuba inxalenye ephantsi izindlu ngasemva.

Indlela ukugcina?

Akuyi Kucetyiswa ukuba ukugcina isixhobo kwiindawo ekrwada kunye ezimanzi. Kubuye kube kubi echaphazela balalaika kunye nengqele. Iqondo lokugcina ngokupheleleyo ithathwa uluhlu ukusuka izidanga-15 ukuya 30, yaye ukufuma kufuneka 50-60%. Ukhuseleko ngokuchasene umonakalo inokuba ityala okanye icala. Balalyca kufuneka maxa wambi khangela ekuhlambululeni isandi. Ngamaxesha athile, utshintsho olo kufuneka imitya namakhonkco.

Ezinomsebenzi ngalinye, zama ukuba baphalaze nayiphi fluid sixhobo. Phambi kokuba umdlalo uhlambe izandla zenu, musa ukuba uthathe iintende otyebileyo emdaka. Susa uthuli balalaika kuhle manzi bemthandele. Amakhonkco ifuna ukuthambisa ajikeleze rhoqo ioli ngomatshini (ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka). Gquma isixhobo kwi ivanishi bodwa, ipeyinti okanye ezinye kokwakheka. Xa kungekho tyala akakwazi ezonakalisa isixhobo zoomatshini.

Beka isixhobo badinga intambo.

interesting Facts

1. UBhalamlaika ufumene ukuthandwa ngaphandle kweRussia, idlala eSweden, eNorway, eUnited States nakwiJapan kuyo.
2. Esona silwanyana sikhulu sinikezelwe kwi-alalyke ikwi-khabarovsk. Ukuphakama kwayo ziimitha ezili-12. Le balamaika yaziswa eKhabarovsksk Harbin kunye ne-analogue yakhe yaseTshayina (iPipoya). Isakhiwo sivavanywa kwiziqingatha zesigidi seedola.
3. Iintsuku zokudlala kwi-Balalala eRussia ziqwalaselwe nge-23 kaJuni. Olu suku lwanyulwa ngokwangenziwa nguMongameli weKlabhu yaseRussia yeNkuluvo yeNtshayi.
4. "UBhalamlaika akadlali, kodwa anxunguphala" - yile nto kanye babeyithetha ngayo kwiXesha Eliphakathi. Kwakukholelwa ukuba akuyimfuneko ukuchitha ixesha kumdlalo kwi-Balelalaica, kodwa kungcono ukwenza imicimbi yeshishini. Ke, ubukhulu becala iingoma kwezi zixhobo zivakala ngeholide nakwiminyhadala.
5. Elona xesha liphezulu lokufumana umdlalo kwi-Balalalaica kwisikolo somculo sineminyaka esi-7 ubudala. Ngokwesiqhelo ukwenzela ukufumana idiploma, iminyaka emi-5 yokufunda.
6. Indoda ebhalwe kwincwadi yeGuinness yeGuinness njengeyona ilungileyo kaBhilalachnikov, ubiza uAlexey Amyepovsky.