Abathandi bomculo kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuba yintoni - i-saxophone, njengoko ijongeka kwaye ivakala njani. Abaqulunqileyo baphuhlisa umahluko obahlukeneyo - uTenor neSoprano, ibango kunye nezinye iintlobo. Ukongeza kwimizuzu kunye nokukhetha ii-canes kunye nomlomo, kuyimfuneko ukuze ufumane inani lezibakala ezininzi ezinomdla.
Yintoni?
I-Saxophone ngomnye wabameli abaphambili bosapho lwezixhobo zolwimi lwe-thictors zolwimi. Le yimveliso entsha - uyilo olufanayo lwabonakala kuphela nge-1840s. I-SAXOphone isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-brass kunye neokhestrany ze-symphony. Kodwa esi sixhobo sinokuba sedwa (ngenani ukusuka kwi-orchestra elungisiweyo okanye i-ensemble).
Esi sixhobo saye sasebenza yingcali yeBelgian Adolf Sax, ukuze ukwazi ukuba le "sisixhobo" esibhalisiweyo ". Kwi-saxophones, iJazzomen kunye nabameli beentlobo ezifanayo zomculo zihlala zidlala. Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo zisebenza ngokupheleleyo kumculo wePop.
Izibonelelo zezisombululo ezinjalo zinxulunyaniswa nomthamo ochukumisayo woyilo kunye nenyaniso yokuba ibonelela ngekota yokulinganisa. Ukuhamba ngobuchwephesha, akukho zixhobo zinjalo.
Ngokwesakhiwo bajongeka ngathi yityhubhu ngendlela ye-cone. Ngeenkonzo zayo:
- ubhedu;
- Ubhedu olubomvu;
- Pakfong.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-TMPAC kunye ne-pakfong kukuba isabelo sokuqala ibandakanya ubhedu kunye ne-zinc, kunye ne-nickel yongeza kumzuzwana. Nayiphi na i-saxophone ye-saxophone yenziwa nge-tube yetyhubhu njenge chubuk. Kodwa kukho iimodeli eziphakamileyo zemodeli ezingathatyathwanga ngenxa yobude obuthathaka. Nangona kunjalo, kukho inani leemodeli zovavanyo ezinokucwangciswa ngeendlela ezininzi.
Kwaye okwangoku, uninzi lwe-saxophone lwahlulwe lwahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlula:
- ixilongo;
- umzimba ophambili;
- I-tube eqhubekayo efumene igama lomthombo "Eska".
Kukwityhubhu etyalwe ngumlomo, efana ne-Analogue ye-CLARINET kwaye ikhumbuza kwakhona umlomo. Ukufumana i-saxophone yemilomo ye-saxophone
- iiplasitiki;
- I-Ebonite Mnyama;
- isinyithi.
Kuba i-saxophonists inokudlala ngohlobo kunye nezitayile ezahlukeneyo, le nto iguqulela ngesandi esinqwenelekayo. Umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kweenguqulelo zawo ezichaphazela "i-pasta" kunye "nokuphumla". Ikota yokuqala ichaza umgama owahlula i-caping yekheyi kunye nencam yomlomo. Okwesibini bubude beliza lokukhululeka kwii-canes kwimo yokucinezelwa kwi-AmestPriece. Umlomo omncinci, okungcono kwizimo zeklasi kwaye ezibi kakhulu kwezinye, iindlela ezininzi zomculo.
Ixabiso eliphambili lokubonakala kwesandi esinqwenelekayo linenxalenye yeqela - owona mgaqo mncinci. Ngokuphunyezwa akunzima ukudidanisa ne-clarinet cane. Indlela yesiko ibonisa ukuba le nxalenye ifunyenwe kwingcambu, i-cane, bimboo. Kodwa ngenjongo yokothuswa, izixhobo ezenziweyo ziyasetyenziswa. Ukuya kwi-cane ngempumelelo kunye nomlomo, zidityaniswe nendlela ye-ligature; Ilula- kuphela yingqungquthela encinci kunye nesikhafu.
Uyilo lweklasikhi lwe-saxophone lubonisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-metallic ligature. Kodwa uJazzemen kunye neemvumi zezinye iindawo ezikhetha isixhobo esinenxalenye yendawo yesikhumba yokwenyani. Ivumela iicones ukuba ibuyele ngokukhululekileyo. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo, i-cane ingonakaliswa kakhulu. I-caps ezikhuselayo ezifuna ukunxiba kwimilomo yemilomo yezixhobo ezingasetyenziswanga ziyanceda ukuyiphepha.
Nayiphi na i-saxophone ixhotywe ngee-valve ezili-19 ukuya kwezi-22 (kuxhomekeka kuhlobo). Eli valve inikezela ukuvalwa kunye nokuvulwa kwemingxunya yomzimba kumaxesha afanelekileyo. Umdlalo kukucinezela kwaye ukhuphe izitshixo zomntu kwikhibhodi ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Iingcali zenziwa ngokulula nangokulula. Ngenxa yoko, banokudlala iingoma ezintsonkothileyo.
Imbali yendalo
Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, uMdali weSaxophone yi-Adolf Sax, kwaye indawo yokuzalwa kwesixhobo yiBelgium. I-Sax yayingengomntu ungaqhelekanga kwihlabathi lemifanekiso - wayesebenzela ixesha elithile kwindibano eyodwa kwaye wakwazi ukufumana inani lamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza. I-SAX isebenze kwingxaki ebalulekileyo ngelo xesha-indlela yokuphelisa ukungangqinelani kwimozulu, evele phakathi kwezixhobo ukusuka kwi-collper kunye nezixhobo ezivela emthini, eqhelekileyo kwii-orchestras ze-brass. Kwisithathu sokuqala senkulungwane ye-Xix, igosa elibizwa ngokuba li-gosa lalisele liye laqanjwa le njongo.
Kodwa olu phuhliso lwalungafezekanga ngokwaneleyo kwaye lwaluphawu kakhulu; Emva kwe-1850, isetyenziswa kuphela kwiimeko ezikwanti. Okwangoku, isidingo sokuvala imvume yeplanga phakathi kuka "Ubhedu" kunye "nomthi" waziva ngakumbi nangakumbi. Kwaye kwinkqubo yokukhangela enje nge-sax yasungula eyona brainch yayo idumileyo.
I-saxopone ye-saxopone yavela kupapasho loluntu nge-1841. Phakathi komboniso wemizi-mveliso eBrussels, wabonakala phantsi kwegama "loMlomo" - njengoko umvelisi wayengafuni ukunika igama lakhe.
Kuyaziwa ukuba le nto:
- Yenziwa ngentsimbi;
- wayenomzimba wobume be-cone;
- Ukugqitywa komlomo kwi-cane enye (itshintshe kancinci i-CLARINET, enyanisweni);
- ifumene iseti yeivalve ezimile nge-valves ze-vale;
- Ngokubanzi, ibiyijijekile.
Ayinguye kuphela lo mboniso wanceda ukukhuthaza imveliso yakho ye-SAX. Ukwazile ukuthatha ithuba lobuhlobo bakhe neHector Berlioz, eshushu ngokutsha lonke lwezinto ezibonakalayo kwinqanaba lomculo. Kwaye yayinguBerliyaz onike isixhobo igama elibizwa ngokuba laziwa ngayo ngoku kumazwekazi onke. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala sasetyenziswa kwinqaku lephephandaba elipapashwe ngumqambi nge-12 kaJuni, 1842. Indima yeBermissis yayingaphelelanga kule nto - walungisa umsebenzi wokuqala embalini, enzelwe ukwenziwa kokuziqhelanisa nokuphuculwa kwe-ratch, kwaye ngoFebral Master, kwaye ngoFebruwari 1844 waba ngumqhubi we-Belgian 1844 waba ngumqhubi we-Belgia, emva koMsebenzi we-Belgia, emva koMsebenzi we-Belgia, emva koshicilelo lomsebenzi.
Ekupheleni konyaka omnye, i-saxophone yenza ukuba kubekho i-gesisut kwizixhobo ze-orchestral eyenziwa yi-Premiere ye-Opera yomnye umbhali, kwaye ibonakalisiwe kumboniso we-paris yemveliso ye-paris. Ngentwasahlobo ye-1846, i-SACS ifumana ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi waseFrance ngenkqubo yayo yezixhobo zomculo. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nonyaka ongaphambili, iSaxophones kunye ne-saxcophones, i-saxotrubs ithenge imikhosi exhobileyo yeFrance ukuze ithathe indawo yezixhobo zomculo. Emva kwexesha, igama langaphambili "igosa lomlomo elingumlomo" liyaqhubeka nokutsala iingqondo zabaqulunqwa- ikakhulu ngokucinga ngaphezulu kwemidlalo ye-opera. I-symphony isebenza ihamba kunye nomdlalo kwi-saxophof enkulu; Ke, kwinani lomculo we-biza kwimveliso ebalulekileyo ye "Arlessian" kukho iziqwenga ezibini ezinkulu, apho i-saxophonist isondo.
Iminyaka eli-13, phakathi kwe-1857 ne-1870, i-SAX yayinomdla wokufundisa umdlalo kwisixhobo sakhe kwisebe laseParis. Oku kwanika iziqhamo ezinkulu - Kwakukho iimvumi ezininzi ezinamava, kwaye abaqambi bafumana ingqalelo ngakumbi kumculo weSaxophone. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha leMfazwe yaseFranco-iPussian, amakhaka ahlanganisiwe, kwaye kungekudala uqeqesho lwaphela ngokupheleleyo.
Kuyinyani, ukuphulukana nomdla kwi-saxophone eYurophu kwakuhamba kunye nokuvela kwenani le-saxophonists elungileyo kwelinye icala le-Atlantic.
La manqanaba abalulekileyo abalulekileyo:
- Ngo-1900 - 1920s-ukwanda kwemfuno yesixhobo kwizixhobo kubaqambi;
- Ukubuya kwesoyitha ye-saxophone kwi-pop enkulu kwindawo yokwenzeka kwe-jazz;
- Ngo-1969 - isiqalo seCongmpiy yeHlabathi;
- Ngo-1995 - ukudalwa kweZiko le-Europephone yaseYurophu (apho baqokelela kwaye bafundele zonke izinto ezinomyinge walo, kwaye zikwazi ukupasa kwesixhobo).
Uphengululo lwezinto eziphilayo
I-Southnorno
Ekuqaleni, i-sax yeza neentlobo ezili-14 zesixhobo sakhe. Kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe abaninzi baphantse baliwe, kwaye kuphela aba-8 bakuthelekiswa nanto. I-Soraed ibonakaliswa ngezinto ezincinci. Kwangelo xesha, esona senzo siphezulu sikwabalulekile.
Kuyenzeka ukuba ufezekise isixhobo esiqaqambileyo nesithambileyo ngexesha elinye; Esi sixhobo sihlala sithathwa ziimvumi zokwenza umculo we-lyrical, kunye nenkqubo yayo eqhelekileyo - i-Eb.
Ezikrexezayo kunye ne-sinylone
Olu lolunye uhlobo lwe-mini-saxophone. Kukho iimveliso ezinjalo kunqabile. Ngokwesiqhelo ubude balingana nama-30 okanye abangama-33 cm. Isizathu sokuqala kokuxhaphaka okwenziweyo kukuba ezi zixhobo zinzima kakhulu ukuzivelisa.
Kutshanje ishishini lomculo lifikelela kwinqanaba elinjalo xa unokuvelisa ubuncinci uthotho oluncinci lweSinylogo.
Isoprano
Iimodeli ezinjalo zenziwe nge-bb. Zombini zohlobo oluthe ngqo nochumileyo lwezindlu. Inqaku eliphambili sisimo esiphakamileyo sesandi esiphakamileyo. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye kuhluthwa nakuphi na ukothuka kunye nokuba krwada. I-Saxophones yiSoprano kwimfuno kunye neemvumi ze-POP, kunye nePop Pop. Nangona benobunzima obuphantsi, kwaye babancinci ngokwabo, kubaqalayo, isixhobo esinjalo siziqwebela mncinci.
Ukudlala i-saxophone Soprano ifunyenwe kakuhle kuphela kwabo babeka izandla ngokuzithemba. Ibalulekile kwaye iphuhliswe ngokucacileyo. Kodwa kulo mthetho kukho okwahlukileyo. Ke, yiSoprano, kwaye ayisosixhobo esikhulu kakhulu kubantwana abaninzi. Ezo zinokwenza izandla zabo ukuba zikwazi ukujamelana neemveliso ezinkulu - nangona kusenokufuneka zithandane nezakhono zokuphefumla.
Alto
Indlela i-saxophof ye-saxophof ihambelana ngokupheleleyo ne-EB. Olu khetho luthathwa njengeyona nto ilungileyo kubaqalayo ukuba bafumane ubuchule bomculo babantu abadala kunye nolutsha oluphucukileyo. I-ALTA yenziwa kwaye inobunzima obuncinci. Inzuzo yabo ebalulekileyo yintuthuzelo yokuphumelela kwekhibhodi kunye neendlela "ze" chefe ". Elinye isidima esibalulekileyo yintabalala yemisebenzi yomculo, ukuvumela ukungapheli kumsesane omncinci weengoma; Kungenxa yoko le nto abathandi, nabadlali abafanelekileyo kunye nabadlali abafanelekileyo basebenza ngokulinganayo.
Tenor
Kule meko, inkqubo ye-Bb iphawuleka. I-saxophopnes enjalo incinci kakhulu kwimfuno kune-Alta. Zinkulu, zinobunzima kwaye zivuthelwa. Banezantsi, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kuluhlu lwe-frequency.
Ngoncedo lwe-tenor, ezincinci kunye neengoma ezinkulu zidlala, zikhokele yedwa kwaye zihamba kunye nokuSebenza ngokuhamba kweMeko.
I-Saxophone-Tance Stran:
- I-orchestra yemfundo;
- Abadlali abadumileyo bomculo;
- Iimvumi zomkhosi.
Ibango
Esi sixhobo sine-EB. Owona mzimba uphambili ugobe ngamandla kwaye unzima kwisiqingatha. I-Eska ebizwa ngokuba yi-Eska isongelwe kwindawo yelogo. Isandi sibonakaliswa ngamandla kunye nobunzulu obucacileyo, kodwa oku kufezekiswa kuphela kwirejista encinci kunye nerejista encinci.
Nangona kunjalo, ihlala iphawuleka ukuba ukrwada kwerejista ephezulu ye-Bariton-saxophone yeyona nto ithandwayo, kubandakanya iokhestra yasemkhosini.
I-Bass kwaye iphindwe kabini
I-subtype yokuqala isebenzisa i-bb, kwaye yesibini yi-EB. Ezi zixhobo ngokwazo azinantsingiselo. Inqaku labo lemifanekiso inkulu kakhulu. Kuphela ngabo baya kuphefumla ngokunjalo baya kudlala kwii-saxophones kwaye ziya kufikelela izixhobo. Isandi esisezantsi, kwaye ngaphezulu koluhlu imalunga ne-bariton, kwaye ivakaliswe ngakumbi.
Ngaba iklasi yeMidlalo, i-SAXOphones yahlulwe yangoko:
- uqeqesho;
- isiseko;
- Amanqanaba oqeqesho.
Umahluko unxulumene nezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ke, imvumi enesiqinisekiso ayinakulindeleka ukuba idlale kwiimodeli zeplastiki. Iya kuxabisa ngononophelo ne-ERMOMOMICK, kunye nembonakalo, kunye nomgangatho ofanelekileyo. Ixabiso lohlengahlengiso olufanelekileyo, ngokulandelelana, liya kuba ngaphezulu. Inxalenye yeemveliso zobungcali inikezelwa ngesandla emva kokuphela kwendibano yefektri.
Ukuze abaqalise, i-saxophone ye-elektroniki yenzelwe. Inobunzima obungaphantsi kwaye kube lula ukuyifumana. Kuyinyani, iimveliso ezinjalo zifuna umthombo wamandla. Phantse yonke yenziwa ngeplastiki. Iingcali zihlala zibhekisa kwindlela enjalo yokuchukumisa kancinci.
Izixhobo kunye nezixhobo
Ezi macandelo azibalulekanga kangako kuneso sixhobo ngokwayo. Ngokusisiseko, ityala libandakanyiwe kwi-saxophone. Ngaphandle kwayo kwiseti iluncedo ukuthenga i-CFR ngokwahlukeneyo.
Kucetyiswa ukusetyenziswa kwe-semi-rigid igubungela ubuncinci. Uhambo olude lwexesha elide kunye nemithwalo, iplastiki enzima okanye i-picken uthobe iya kuba luncedo kwihotele.
Ibhanti, uGaitan, ukhulula izandla zakhe kwaye kube lula umdlalo. Ibhanti liqikelelwa ngamandla, ububanzi, bulula kunye nohlengahlengiso. Ukongeza okuluncedo yipali kumlomo. I-Silicone okanye iplate yerabha ikhuphe ukutyibilika kwamazinyo ngaphezulu komlomo womlomo. Ngokuphathelele amazinyo kwaye ngenxa yesixhobo, ukuxabana okunjalo akulunganga kakhulu, ngaphandle koko, kuyacaphukisa ukuntywila kwe-saxophone.
I-Cane yeyona ndawo isebenzayo ye-saxophone. Ikhethiwe ngokweeParameters zikaMasipala. I-SURDIN idlala indima ebalulekileyo - inika umdlalo othuleyo noxolo. Ayikokuphela nje ukuthintela ukungqubana, kodwa nangee-melode ezinkulu. Imakrofoni yesixhobo inokuba yinxalenye yangaphandle okanye edityanisiweyo; I-Saxophone uqobo ayiyenzi, kucacile, ngaphandle kokuma kunye neeracks.
Iingcebiso zokukhetha
Khetha abaqalayo olona khetho lufanelekileyo alunamsebenzi njengoko kubonakala. Yintoni ekufuneka ithintelwe ngokuchanekileyo, ngoko yeyona nto inkulu. Iindlela zokungena zenqanaba lezemigangatho zifundwe ngokugqibeleleyo kwiimodeli ze-allial. Abantu abadala ngamanye amaxesha balungele teppy. Qiniseka ukuba uvavanya umgangatho weNdibano kunye neempawu zesandi, ekufuneka uzithande ngokufanelekileyo; Amagqabi amava ngamanye amaxesha alinganiselwe ukumamela iimodeli ezithandwayo.
Umbala ukhetha ngokucocekileyo kwintanda yabo. Ukusuka kwiindawo zeSaxophone, umlomo ubaluleke kakhulu. Qiniseka ukuba ujonge inkqubo kwaye ucofe lula amanqaku. Ukuba uceba ukudlala umculo othile, thatha isixhobo "phantsi kwaso."
Kuluncedo ekuqhekekeni kophononongo ndibonisa ootitshala bakho bomculo.
Umdlalo wobugcisa
Vavanya olona tshintsho kunye nokulunga kwesixhobo sokulungelelanisa kwesixhobo kufuneka uqhubeke ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa ukudlala njengoko kufanele, oku akwanele. Inyathelo lokuqala kukukhupha isandi esivela kwi-somepiece, ayixhunyiwe kwi-saxophone. Ke uqeqesho luya kuba lula. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ucinezele umqolomba, awuyivale, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba uyivumele.
Khawuleza xa udlala kwi-saxophone ayimkeleki. Ukuba kunzima kakhulu ukukhupha isandi "njengengcali" - yenza njengoko ivela kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe iyeyona kuphefumla. Musa ukoyika iinzame ezingaphumelelanga, kodwa kukufanele ukuzama, ukukhumbula yonke into eyenzekayo. Umlomo womlomo ukhupha umlomo kuphela xa uphumle. Umoya uphindwe kwimiphetho yabo, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ungazivezi ukuba zibanzi, ungaphefumli ngempumlo.
Iingcebiso:
- phuhlisa inkumbulo ye-Mussic;
- phuhlisa uhlaselo olucacileyo kwisilabhasi;
- I-Master Seatheees (Glissando, ukuphuculwa, i-inited).
Ingqondo yoKhathalelo
I-SAXOphonist inamava iyazi ukuba kungcono ukucoca isixhobo kwakhona kunokuba sibandezelekile kwiingxaki. Ngokukhetha ukhetho lwe-tharication, iphantse yangenamkhawulo-kubaluleke kakhulu ngaphandle kokulahla kuphela iindlela ezixabiso eliphantsi. I-Onlicant egqithisileyo isuswe nge-napkin.
I-Sketch Sketch iyonke, kodwa ubuncinci. Kwisikere samabala, ii-oyile ezisetyenziswayo ezisetyenzisiweyo.
Xa umdlalo uphelile, kufuneka ususe ukufuma esitratweni. Inxalenye ephambili ikhutshiwe, iguqula isixhobo. I-Convetadeate isule i-SUFS nge-roudes. Kwisincoko ufuna i-non-dis-i-non-dis-distomer. I-cane ihlasela umcimbi owomileyo kwaye ifakwe kwimijelo, isuse umphezulu we-saxophone; Ukongeza, kanye iinyanga ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-6 zichithe oomatshini.
Iinyani ezinomdla
Iinkcukacha ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga malunga ne-saxophone zobukhulu boMdali wayo. Oko:
- Ngokuphindaphindiweyo iguqukile ukuba ikwindawo yokufa ebuntwaneni (ukusuka ekuqhubeni umgubo, ukusuka kwipani eshushu yokuthoba, ukusuka ekuvuthumeni kwelitye entlokweni, ukusuka kwityhefu emithathu elandelelanayo ye-lacquer yetyhefu );
- Usebenze kwimveliso yakhe yokuqala (engeyiyo i-saxiphone ecocekileyo, kodwa i-crhornet yale mihla) ukusuka kwiminyaka eli-16 ukuya kuma-20;
- yenziwe kuyo iitoni ezintsonkothileyo ukuba emva kokushiya ithetho ebelirhoxa kwi-themba-engazange yomeleze omnye umntu;
- Ngo-1840 wafumana imbasa yegolide yomboniso we-brussel kwaye wamkelwa ekukhupheleni komsebenzi wakhe ngenxa yolutsha olugqithisileyo;
- Kumboniso oneminyaka eli-1841, wabonisa i-saxophone yokuqala ngenxa yekhethini ukugcina i-SAYE-NJANI EMfihlakalo;
- Iinyanga ezi-5 phambi kokulungiswa kwelungelo lelungelo letitent, inkundla elahlekileyo, eyayisithi kwisigwebo "esibizwa ngokuba yi-Saxophone ayikho kwaye ayinakubakho";
- uphinda-phinda ukuhlukunyezwa - kunye ne-forbids yokuvuya idlala i-saxophones, ngamanqaku ahlekisayo kunye neekhathuni ezimbi;
- Amaxesha amathathu aphelile ukuba angabizi.
IBelgians ifanelwe kukuba neqhayiya kuba i-saxophone yadala i-tatchriot yabo. Xa bekusekho imali yayo kweli lizwe, umzobo we-Adolf Sax wahonjiswa ngeBhili ye-200-Franc. Kodwa ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe, njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, inkosi yahlangabezana nenzondelelo kwaye yafaka intiyo. Nje ukuba ade ambulale. Namhlanje, isikhumbuzo esikhulu se-SAX kunye neMyuziyam yanikezelwa kuye kwindawo yokudana.
Kwizitrato ezidadayo, imifanekiso sokomfuziselo ye-sayophone inokubonakala nakwesiphi na isakhiwo. Ifunyanwa kwiilogo ezininzi. Isikhumbuzo esiya eSaxophone sine-rostov-on-don.
I-Saxophonist I-Orlante ikwazile ukugcina inqaku eli-1 kwimizuzu engama-90. Nyaka ngamnye umbandela wokukhumbula ugcinwe kuzukiswa nguMyili.
