I-Tethaspoon (iifoto ezingama-36): ivolumu kwi-ml. Ujongeka njani kwaye yintoni eyahlukileyo kwiti? Ukulinganisa ubunzima beemveliso ezininzi, ubungakanani kunye nomthamo we-aluminium kunye ne-stainess yentsimbi

Ukukhankanya okokuqala kwesipuni njengento yokutya kufunyenwe kwimibhalo-ngqangi yamandulo, engaphezu kweminyaka engamawaka amathathu. EYurophu, esi sonke isixhobo esaziwayo sesadutya esiziswe esiya eNgilani Knyazi VLadimir Vsevodovich Moculokuh ngo-998 wexesha lethu. Ukwenzela ukwandisa inkcubeko kwinqanaba laseYurophu, abaqulunqileyo kunye neevelela zaseRussia bavavanywa phantsi kwesisongelo sokuqala etafileni, kunye nee-clecridge, inyama, inyama kunye noncedo lwe-cutlery (iinkalo, isitshetshe okanye i-fork).

Iipeksi

Ngamnye wethu uthatha itafile, ehleli etafileni ubuncinci amaxesha ama-3 ngemini, ngaphandle kokucinga ngemvelaphi yale "izixhobo zokusebenza zakudala" zokutya ukutya. " Le chibilika lesiqhelo kwikhithi leminyaka eliqhelekileyo lingene ngokuqinileyo ukuqonda kwethu. Ke, abaninzi, besenza uluhlu lwezinto ezibalulekileyo kuhambo lweentsuku ezimbini zabakhenkethi, ngokuyintloko babhekisa kwitafile.

Ukunqongophala kwesixhobo sokukhulisa kwipokotho yengxowa, eyafunyanwa ngokufika enqwelweni, kwintente emilabeni yomlambo okanye kwi-chival ehlathini okanye kwi-chivat kwinkumbulo yeRobinson Cruzo kwisiqithi sentlango. Oku kudala ukungakhathazeki kwengqondo okuqinileyo ngenxa yembono yokwenene yokutya indlebe, i-porridge ngenyama okanye isuphu ye-Pea ukusuka kwikomityi, i-Mugs, iglasi efumanekayo kwiitoti ze-rusty cans kunye nolunye unyango.

Ababhali-mbali, iingcali zeelwimi kunye neembophelelo zezenzululwazi zinika le nkcazo ilandelayo yesi sidlo: "Isipuni sisithuba esifumileyo sentloko (ekhwaza) ngesiphatho esiqhotyoshelweyo okanye esiphatheni."

Kwingxelo yesichazi-magama v

Isixa esikhulu esikhulu sesininzi okanye ulwelo (ngaphezulu kwe-500 ye-500 yokupheka kwiresiphi okanye i-Deanks yasekhaya ebusika ilula kakhulu: kukho isikali se-Intanethi

Kunzima kakhulu ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo isixa esincinci (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-GAMS) ye-20 yeemveliso okanye iimveliso ezingamanzi. Kuxhomekeka ekubonakalisweni kwezithako, ezibandakanyiwe kwiresiphi, yokutya ubuncinci bexesha elincinci okanye ukutya okuqinileyo kunye nolwelo (ioyile, idiliya, i-siner Ngokwendlela yokupheka, abapheki basekhaya basebenzise le ntombazana ilandelayo kunye nemithamo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso zeemveliso:

1. Iimveliso Solid (ibhotolo, imajarini, izilayi) - ezinobunzima isiziba zakhutshwa isiziba isikali;
2. Iimveliso Bulk (ityuwa, iswekile okanye ezinye izinto) - uwathandabuze (isixa ubuncwane phakathi ezintathu zixinaniswe ngokuqinileyo ngesandla ekunene), iglasi, yalinganisela, yabagocagoca, okudlela igumbi, dessert okanye itispuni;
3. Iimveliso ulwelo (isiraphu, anetyuwa) - iglasi nesindindeneyo, ilitha ikani, igumbi lokutyela okanye itispuni, inani kuncipha.

abapheki Professional basebenzisa igumbi okudlela, dessert kunye itispuni xa upheka ukuze iresiphi, njenge intombi ukulinganisa ubungakanani bulk kunye ulwelo ukutya, kunye uwathandabuze, iglasi kunye isikali elektroniki.

Amakhosikazi, abapheki zobungcali nabapheki, leyo ngezandla zabo ukulungiselela rhoqo ukutya nokulondoloza amakhowa, iziqhamo, imifuno ngenxa ebusika, bayazi kakuhle bona i icephe, njenge isixhobo intombi ikhitshi yokulinganisa ubunzima bulk okanye izithako ulwelo (iityuwa, iswekile isanti, itheyibhile iviniga, oyile zikajongilanga okanye omnquma, iziqholo kunye nabanye abaninzi) ngokungqinelana iresiphi.

iintlobo ezintathu amacephe sebenzisa kumazwe aseYurophu ukuba izidlo. Kunye inkulu - igumbi lokutyela, emthendelekweni, kusetyenziswa dessert kunye netispuni. Kananjalo ke zenzelwe ukuba ukutya dessert, mousse, ijeli, umhluzi, inyama kunye izitya lulwelo.

Iintlobo

Ukongeza umntu eqhelekileyo ukususela ebuntwaneni, i icephe eqhelekileyo eyenziwe insimbi okanye ingxubevange MNC (Melchior, Umzimveliso, Izinki), apho bonke abantu ukutya ukutya ulwelo nzima ngemihla, ehleli etafileni, Kuba eminyaka ubudala imbali yoluntu, bekuthi kwiintlobo esi sixhobo amandulo yasungulwa kwaye kwenziwa ezinye iinjongo ongumncedani:

1. igumbi ayedla - ngokuba izitya yokuqala neyesibini eshushu;
2. Soup - ezenziwe insimbi 18/10 insimbi, ngokumila round ukuziphaka nzulu kunye nomqheba kunye ubude-18 eesentimitha ukukhusela zakho zomnwe komtshiso xa esela isuphu eshushu;
3. Iti - nge pitch eshukumayo iti nokupheka;
4. Zomculo - to izandi kucatshulwe izixhobo umtya kweediliya;
5. isabelo - upakisha ice cream ku CUPS nomqathane;
6. Bar - igqityezelwe ngesiphatho elide ekuphekeni cocktail;
7. Coffee - kuba umthamo komhlaba coffee zendalo;
8. Ethile - endaba-legqunyiwe ipatheni okanye yokuhombisa;
9. Ukuze ngamathe iqebengwana caviar ezimnyama;
10. isiliva;
11. Gold alekwe, legqunyiwe ngomaleko obhityileyo womhlaba zegolide;
12. Kuba yokulungiselela yeminquma zifakwa kunye saline ukutya kwicala okanye cocktail;
13. Kuba ukutya abilayo abilayo kunye nabagulayo amaqanda chicken;
14. mbini - kuba umthamo xa belungiselela iiresiphi okupheka izithako;
15. Kwakungomnye - ngokohlobo ngebhleyidi yamazinyo enqabileyo elingumfanekiso ukusika nokondla phezu kwetafile cake, mousse kunye pudding;
16. Ukulungiselela cocktails utywala lohlobo absinthe;
17. Le zezikhumbuzo, zagutyungelwa ivanishi, onepateni okanye yokuhombisa (ukutya lisusiwe).

Iintlobo edume "gun" yakudala, leyo yaqanjwa umntu inkqubo yendaleko, zithathwa ukuba babe amaqela ezininzi eziphambili kweemveliso.

Kwi-aluminiyam ukutya (ngaphandle nezingcoliso imetyhuri molybdenum hayidroksayidi)

UNikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky, i-revolution odumileyo kunye sobulumko-nephupha, ebona icephe aluminiyam okokuqala, wathi ibinzana lesiprofeto ukuba ikamva enkulu olwalumiselwe olu.

manene kaStalin yaye ingcinezelo bazalisa iintolongo na abantu abamsulwa abakuwe kwimigodi ezinzulu, emi phezu ibhanti emanzini abandayo, zifakwa kunye nefolokhwe geni aluminiyam ekrwada (bauxites). Ukusuka webauxite e amaziko electrolysis, aluminiyam cheap electrolytic yahlawulwa, iinxalenye okulula oomatshini kunye neendlela ezenziwe kuzo, kwakunye neenkamba, iifolokhwe izitya ngokwabo kwaye izigidi zabemi Soviet, uninzi lwazo esidla cheap Soviet canteens. Ngokutsho kwedatha yeenkcukacha-manani, malunga nezigidi ezingama-10 neenkamba aluminiyam kwaye iifolokhwe ezininzi aluminiyam zakhutshwa ngo-1937.

Ukudluliselwa: yezigidi 4,137 abantu ababehlala kwisixeko eMoscow ukususela ngoJanuwari 1, 1939.

Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo

Ithekhnoloji olululo oksijini converter ndiyabanyibilikisa intsimbi ngentsimbi ekrwada liye lathotywa kakhulu, ixabiso nemveliso ngentsimbi. Aluminium iiplagi ne kujikwa nesijijekileyo kwi isantya kwamazinyo kwi 70s kwinkulungwane yokugqibela eSoviet canteens indawo zokutya kuhlinzwa stigm "engatyiwa" kumqheba.

Kuba nokumelana kunye neempembelelo ngomatshini (abameli yokusebenza neyabalimi nezazi, ehleli kwigumbi lokutyela, wavula kunye nezibambo of neenkamba, neefolokhwe ezenziwe iminqwazi insimbi kwi iibhotile emgangathweni-ilitha yeglasi sawo kunye beer) kwi inxalenye ngentsimbi, amacephe neefolokhwe zenziwa, ukusuka apho omncinane inani Melchior, nickel zinc. On ngesiphatho elide neenkamba, iimela, neefolokhwe ukusuka 'ephuculiweyo "intsimbi, kwenzeka ukuqwalasela ibala lume kunye oonobumba abancinci" mnt ".

Iplastiki

Kwimilo kunye neekopi nobukhulu ngecephe ngentsimbi. Eyenziwe ngeplastiki ubushushu-resistant kongezwe components bactericidal zibe iiplastiki. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa yeemveliso eshushu kunye neziselo (yeti, ikofu, borsch, isuphu, iindlebe, harcho, azu). Isetyenziswa zokutyela, cafes, Bistro kunye nezinye ngesantya ukutya fast njengosula isitya esinye.

Iphinde isebenze

Multi-ukhamba ezenziwe ngesinyithi okanye iplastiki ubushushu-resistant yonke imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ekhaya. Xa imithetho yezempilo, esi sixhobo ukutya kufuneka abe nenani iipropati:

1. Musa azithethelele organic asidi;
2. i mechanical amandla eliphezulu bend;
3. ukumelana lobushushu abilayo amanqatha, iti okanye ikofu nokusingathwa kwi njengesicocisi;
4. ukumelana kwimiphumo organic acid, kwealkali, amabala zokwenziwa;
5. Akukho kukhuthaza izinto eziyingozi (phenol, toluene, benzene) xa uqhagamshelana iimveliso zokutya.

icephe ngebhegi Kufuneka kwakhona babe ngexabiso eliphantsi.

Ilahla

It has a uyilo elula abangekaphuhli, ezenziwe thermoplastic ojingayo. ixabiso eliphantsi ayenzi sibonelelo processing yococeko kwi njengesicocisi kunye kwakhona. ixesha-lwalunye ukhamba ayikwazi kusetyenziselwa ikofu eshushu okanye iti.

Kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu (malunga 100 ° C), thermoplastic nga kukhululwa ukuba iikhompawundi eshushu ulwelo yityhefu ye phenol kunye acetaldehyde.

Amandla

Umthamo we icephe (ngokwahlukileyo kwiglasi) uzimisele lilizwe apho yaveliswa. A ukhamba igumbi isampulu lokutyela European (20 gram) iqulathe ukuya ku-18 ml (mililitha) ulwelo (umlinganiselo wokubanzi kwi ngecephe kuxhomekeke lexinene), 30 iigrem yetyuwa kwikhitshi encinane, 25 iigrem iswekile-isanti, malunga 12 iigrem owomileyo yokubhaka engenagwele.

Ulwazi Kubalulekile: itispuni Canadian okanye American ziqulethe 15 iigrem nzulu yetyuwa. A icephe 20-gram-eyenziwe Australia iqulethe 20 iigrem neetyuwa "Extra".

Olinganise eziyimfuneko iimveliso kunye nenombolo yabo iresiphi ngamnye ziboniswe grams okanye ubungakanani amacephe. A ukupheka ekhaya lula ngakumbi ukuba usebenzisa iglasi 100 gram okanye icephe njengenyathelo ngenxa yokuba i iglasi icephe newayini phantse lonk kusondele, xa kuthelekiswa ezikalini ezichanileyo elektroniki kunye uluhlu womlinganiselo encinane.

Ngokusekelwe kule meko, abaninzi 'ikhaya ukupheka "usebenzise ubunzima itafile iimveliso ezikhulu 1 icephe ulinganise inani eyimfuneko amacephe encopho okanye ngaphandle enekona. Sisicatshulwa esithathwe netafile iintlobo eziphambili iimveliso sinikwe ngezantsi. Elingezantsi ibonisa ubunzima imveliso kwi Ukungagqibeki kwi icephe ngaphandle phezulu, kwinani elingaphezulu - encopho.

Mass womsebenzi icephe:

1. Ingqolowa umgubo kwibakala top - 20/30 g;
2. Sugar kwentlabathi yokuqala okanye top kwibakala - 20/25 g;
3. powder sugar - 22/28 g;
4. Salt "Extra" (elincinane) - 22/28 g;
5. Stone Salt - 25/30 g;
6. soda Food (ibhiKharbonati yesoda) - 22/28 g;
7. irayisi olukhazimlisiweyo - 15/18 g;
8. Isando coffee - 15/20 g;
9. ulwelo Honey - 25/30 g;
10. gelatin Granular - 10/15 g;
11. Owomileyo yokubhaka igwele - 8/11 g;
12. Kakhokho umgubo - 20/25 g;
13. Isando Cinnamon - 15/20 g;
14. citric acid (crystalline) - 12/16 g;
15. Spring amanzi - 18 g;
16. iviniga 9% - 16 g;
17. ubisi yonke - 18 g;
18. oli yemifuno - 16 g;
19. Imajarini siphindwe - 15

Umahluko ovela kwezinye iintlobo ze-spoons

Itafile yanamhlanje yokutya ukutya inyibilika kwi-MNC Alloty (Nexilber-Copper-Ninckel-Zincwe ye-Aloc). Ubungqingqwa bokutshiza kwesilivere kwimveliso evela kwi-MTC yi-microns ezingama-24. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Alloty:

1. I-NI (iNickel) - i-15%;
2. Zn (zinc) - 20%;
3. CU (i-callper)-ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100%.

Ukusuka kwezinye iindidi (iti, iDessert, enkulu kwaye incinci) itafile ye-classic ye-classic ibonakaliswa yimilinganiselo kunye nomthamo. Indlela ye-empirical (inamava) yafunyanwa ukuxhomekeka phakathi kweti, igumbi lokutyela kunye ne-Dessert Spoon evela kwi-AFTARY WAMANZI EZIQHELEKILEYO:

1. Iglasi exineneyo ye-200 ml - iipuni ezili-16 (kwi-1 yeepuni-i-1 i-12,5 ml yamanzi);
2. Iglasi ye-200 ml exineneyo - i-20 ye-20 ye-dessert (kwi-1 dessert Spoon 10 ml yamanzi);
3. Ikomityi ye-200 ml ye-200 ml ziitispuni ezingama-40 (kwi-1 ithisipuni 5 ml yamanzi).

Kwezinye iimveliso zokutya amanzi (ioyile yemifuno, ioyile yeoyile, iviniga, iviniga), kuxhomekeka kwi-synment ye-fluid, isikhundla setafile kwi-milliliters (ML) inokuhluka kakhulu koku kungasentla.

Umthamo weSpecialspoon ye-Aluminium yi-192 mm ubude yi-10 ml yamanzi (25% ngaphantsi kwentsimbi), ubunzima bayo be-spoons yigram ezingama-32.

Ngokutsho imigangatho yococeko, isilivere 875 ° eesampuli aluminium yayo (Melchior) zingasetyenziswa ezivelisa imihombiso zomthonyama kunye neemveliso yokugcina ukutya ngaphandle isicelo enamathela evela amalgam zinc, nickel okanye igolide. I-sterling cylery 925 ° (isilivere yezobugcisa) ikhutshiwe ngomaleko wegolide, iChckel, i-NICKEL okanye i-zinc yokuthintela i-oxidotion emoyeni kunye ne-acid yokuphendula ye-acid, equlethwe ngaphakathi iimveliso zokutya.

Ukugcina kunye nokukhathalela

Ukuthintela i-darication (i-oxidation) yomphezulu weeconi, iimpeni kunye neefolokhwe ezivela kwitafile yesilivere okanye i-melchior Le mithetho ilula ilula kufuneka ilandelwe:

1. Ukucheba kunye nezitya kwi-cutlery yesilivere okanye ivenkile ye-IRT ngokuvalela ngokuqinileyo i-velvet upholstery ukukhusela isilivere ekufunga;
2. Kwibhokisi nganye enamacwecry, beka ukupakisha ijeli ye-silica igesi ukuba ifumane umswakama, okanye isongele nge-aluminium foil;
3. Iimveliso ze-sweat kufuneka zinyibilikiswe ngomaleko omncinci wezinyo okanye umxube womgubo wamazinyo ngotywala kunye nelaphu elithambileyo okanye ilaphu elithambileyo okanye ilaphu elithambileyo;
4. Xa ususa iindawo ezimnyama, akunakwenzeka ukuba usebenzise i-PEX, i-Emery Skert okanye i-Abrasive Paste- oku kunokuphazamisa ukuthoka okungapheliyo kwangaphandle kwaye kukhokelele kwinani elikhulu leetyuwa;
5. Into emnyama enkenenkene inokucocwa ngokupheleleyo i-oxidation enomxube we-powder kunye netyuwa kunye nokongezwa kwe-amomia utywala;
6. Ukulondoloza isilungiseleli seglosi ye ngecephe, iifolokhwe neemela kwitafile yesilivere, kuyimfuneko ukuba asule qho soft iwulu okanye yeflaneli ingubo, yaye emva ukusetyenziswa, amacephe kufuneka iyahlanjisiswa evela kwiintsalela ukutya wazisula ilaphu ethambileyo.

Ngendlela endala wokucoca iimveliso lwesilivere kunye aluminium yayo kananjalo abafanelwe kunye ngumgubo wamazinyo kunye eqhiyeni yoboya okanye yeflaneli. A imali encinci olungumgubo owomileyo zamazinyo into echithwa eqhiyeni namacephe yesilivere angenziwa ngaphandle koxinzelelo. Emva ekubuyiseleni ubumenyemenye elahlekileyo, lo amacephe leyo zohlanjwa ngamanzi etephini kanye nokusula eyomileyo bujikelwe ngeqhiya.

QAPHELA! Akuvunyelwe ngqo ukusetyenziswa ngenxa zokucoca iimveliso lwesilivere kunye aluminium yayo itshokhwe, ukutyabeka, lealabhasta, abrasives umgubo. Polish kobuso phina, kuya kuthabatha wokucoca Intlama zexabiso kunye iqhoshana ekhethekileyo evela babezizwa.

Kwi indlela ukucoca zokutya lwesilivere, bona ividiyo elandelayo.