UNyaka oMdala yinto enomdla efanelekileyo, usuku olongezelelekileyo lomthendeleko olubangelwa kukutshintsha inkqubo yehlobo. Ngenxa yomehluko obonakalayo kwiikhalenda ezisetyenzisiweyo, amaRussia ahlangabezana nexesha lonyaka omtsha kabini - ngokwendlela entsha, emva koko, ngokutsho kwakudala. Kuhlaziyo lwethu siza kukuxelela okungakumbi malunga neepesenti zolu suku, imbali yemvelaphi yayo kunye nezithethe ezindala zombhiyozo wolo suku ngegama elinje ngegama elinjalo.
Nguwuphi unyaka omtsha?
E-minight ukusuka nge-13 kaJanuwari, ngoJanuwari 14, inkukhu kaNyaka oMtsha kukuqala kwekhalenda okanye, inikezwe ngokuchanekileyo, kwisitayile saseJulian. Kwixa elidlulileyo, ixesha lamiselwa ngokuthe ngqo kule nkqubo yenkqubo yehlobo-yayisekwe kwidatha eqokelelwe ziinkwenkwezi zeAlexandria. Le nkqubo yaziswa kusetyenziso olukhulu kwi-45 bc. NS. Gay Yulia Caesar. Ixesha lonyaka kaJuliana ngokomyilili yayiziintsuku ezingama-365.25, imizuzu eli-11 idlula ixesha elipheleleyo lonyaka weenkwenkwezi - ngenxa yokuhamba kwexesha, i-Julian Isalathiso se-Julian Silinox.
Ukwenzela ukuphelisa ukungangqinelani, inkqubo entsha yehlobo yacetyiswa - iKhalenda yeGregory eyakhawuleza yasondela kunyaka otshisayo ngenxa yokuqulunqwa kwenkqubo ye-leap.
Ixesha lonyaka, ewe, ngokutsho kwenkqubo ye-Gregorian yenkqubo yehlobo ziintsuku ezingama-365,2425.
Kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, inguqu kwikhalenda yaseGregorian yayalela kwiinkulungwane ezininzi. Ke, kumhlaba wasentshonalanga, wafuduselwa kuphela ngo-1582, kwaye eRashiya inkqubo yehlobo yavunywa ngokusemthethweni kwaye kuphela ngo-1918
Le khalenda namhlanje isetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla kwaye sidibana kuyo iholide yoNyaka oMtsha ngosuku nge-1 kaJanuwari. Kwakuyimfuneko kangangokuba utat'omkhulu, eqhele ikhalenda engaphambili, eqhubeka nokubhiyozela unyaka omtsha kwisitayile sakudala. Ixesha elingaphezulu, kwajika kwaba ngumkhwa olungileyo, kunye nonyaka osalayo, ubhiyozelwe ngobusuku bukaJanuwari 13-14, iye yaba lolunye usuku olungekho mthethweni.
Imbali yemvelaphi
Olo mbambano, impikiswano, kwaye, oko kungabonakaliyo, ukuba kungabi nantsingiselo yegama elithi "unyaka omtsha" waluqhele kangangokuba akukho namnye ukhumbula ukuba yayivela phi na apho yayivela khona. Isiko lokubhiyozela olu suku luvela kumakholwa. Inyani yile ICawa yobuOthodoki ngo-1918 yenqabile ukuhambisa ummiselo worhulumente waseSoviet kwaye iqhubeke nokuxhomekeka ekubenila kwakhe uSauchius. Kungenxa yoko le nto kwilizwe lethu, iKrisimesi ye-Orthodox ayikho ngoDisemba 25, kodwa nge-7 kaJanuwari. Kwaye unyaka omtsha, ngokuhambelana nezithethe, kuza emva kweKrisimesi - oko kukuthi, ngobusuku bukaJanuwari 13-14. I-ROC izisa iimpikiswano ezininzi zokugcina ikhalenda yaseJulian.
Okokuqala, ingcinga yexesha lisalamane, kwaye ubukho bezinto ezinjalo njengokwenzakala kwe-Axis zoMhlaba, zenza nayiphi na imizamo yokudibanisa nayiphi na imini yekhalenda kunye nomhla we-ealendox okanye ikwi-leindlan equinox.
Ngenxa yokuphehlakala, le ngongoma ihlala ihamba ecaleni kwe-ecliptic ukuya entshona, oko kukuthi, iza kubonakala kwintshukumo yelanga.
Kungenxa yoko le nto enyanisweni i-entinox yasentwasahlobo rhoqo ngonyaka, kwaye ngenjongo ye-Astronomy, ibala. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokulunga kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ikhalenda yaseJulian ayibanga ukuba ilungelelanise i-Calendar yemihla yayo yekhalenda kunye nonyaka weTropiki - Abayi-Rators babezibeke iinjongo zokomoya ezikulo kunokuba zijolise ekusombululeni imisebenzi yendaleko.
Okwesibini, i-Orthodox ibango lokuba ikhalenda yaseGrigorian iphawuleka ngokungafaniyo. Kuyinto engafanelekanga ukubala ukuqala kweholide zonqulo, njengoko ixesha lekota lahluke apha - lisusela kwiintsuku ezingama-90 ukuya kwangama-92. Kwikhalenda yaseGreya, isiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka sihlala simfutshane kunesosibini, kwaye iintsuku zeveki azihambelani nemihla eqhubekayo.
Okokugqibela, Ibhloko enkulu esikhubekiso yadityaniswa nosuku lokubhiyozela i-Ista. Useku-325, ooyihlo ngoCahlo we-Ecumenical kwisiseko sokulandelelana kweziganeko ezichazwe kwivangeli yeziganeko ezinxulumene nokufa kunye novuko lukaYesu Krestu zazingaxhomekeki kwiTestamente ENTSHA kwaye ihlala iqatshelwe kamva. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungqinelana nekhalenda yaseGregorian, i-Ista yamaKristu i-Ista ngamanye amaxesha iyenzeka ngaxeshanye neTestamente Endala okanye nangaphambi kwexesha. Iphawuleka ukuba ukubizwa komlilo ochumileyo kwitempile yengcwaba elingcwele eYerusalem kwenzeka ngokwenzeka ngosuku lwe-Orthodox e-Ista, kwaye hayi kumsitho waseGregorian, omiselwe ngokuhambelana nomphefumlo weGregorian.
Ngexesha lokwamkelwa kwekhalenda yaseGregorian, i-lag phakathi kweenkqubo yayiziintsuku ezili-10. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yenani elahlukileyo leminyaka lenkulungwane kwinkulungwane nganye, yatshintsha- namhlanje umsantsa phakathi kweekhalenda ezimbini sele izonyusa kuphela. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba unyaka omtsha wakudala ufunyenwe kuphela kwiRussia Federation, eUkraine naseBelarus. Ngokuziqhelanisa, le ayisiyo imeko - lo suku ufezekisiwe nge-pomp enkulu eMontenegro, eSerbia neMakedoni, ulinde eArmenia naseGeorgia.
Ungalibali ukubhiyozela uNyaka oMdala woNyaka oMdala ngokungqinelana nabahlali bekhalenda ye-Yulian kunye namazwe ase-Asiya - Kazakhstan, iTurkmenistan kunye ne-Uzbekistan.
Izithethe kwihlabathi naseRussia
Imini kaJanuwari 14, amakholwa angamaKristu welizwe lethu ahambelana neholide enkulu yonqulo - iOrthodox iya kuzukisa inkumbulo ye-St. Ngalo mhla wexesha elidlulileyo wabizwa ngokuba nguSuku lweDasinedev, wadlala indima enkulu kwimisitho yeyonke. Iminyaka yakudala yexesha elide yenziwa ukuba ibhiyozele ngetafile ekufutshane, kwiitafile ezintsha kunye nohlobo lweengcinga. Ayisiyonto inyani leyo yatsho intetho: "Ungadibana njani noNyaka oMtsha - uya kuchitha." Olu suku lwaluya kuhlala luyiholide yosapho, eVasilevsky ngokuhlwa, abantu bacela ukuxolelwa izalamane zabo nakwizalamane zabo ngengqumbo yazo, emva koko baphuma kwiminqweno esondeleyo.
Kwiilali nakwiilali zale mihla, iijikelezo zahamba-zihamba ngokwesiko, iimvumi zazinesiphiwo zeelekese, kwaye abantwana basondliwe . Kwakuye kwi-Orthodox yoNyaka oMdala e-Orthodox enokufumana ukuphumla, njengoko edibana ngokugqitywa kweposi yeKrisimesi. NgoJanuwari 13-14, ubusuku buqunjelwa kunye ne-SAGSE, yiyo loo nto intombazana engatshatanga ilindelwe kwintanda kunye nomtshato. Ulutsha ngalo mhla lwalutsiba ngomlilo-ngokweenkolelo zabantu, ngenxa yoko unokuzitshisa onke amandla kwaye ucoce umntu kuzo zonke iziphumo ezimbi kunye neengcinga ezimbi.
Ngokuphathelele kolu suku zininzi izithintelo.
- Akuxabisi ukubhiyozela unyaka omtsha osanda kwimpahla enzima okanye emdaka - kungenjalo unyaka wonke uza kuba uhamba enzonzobileni.
- Akukho sidingo sokukhuphela i-quarrel - kungenjalo onke amandla amabi avela kumagama ashiyiweyo aya kubuyela kumntu owathi kubo.
- Ukuba unika unyaka omtsha wakudala ukucinga ngemali-impumelelo yemali iyakuhamba ixesha elide.
- Akunakwenzeka ukuba umntu obhinqileyo awele umbundu wendlu kuqala ekuseni kaJanuwari 14 - ngokwemigca enomtsalane. Kwaye ukuba le ndoda iya kuba kwindawo yokuhlala - oku, ngokuchasene noko, iya kutsala impumelelo nolonwabo kusapho.
Kukho abanye abanomsebenzi abaninzi ohambelana nokubhiyozela unyaka wesibini omtsha.
- Ukuba ekuseni ngoJanuwari 14, indoda eyayivela kwintsapho enkulu iya kukundwendwela, ke ubomi bakho buya kuba nempumelelo.
- Ukuba ubusuku kwi-vasiliev suku sy star-lindela isivuno esininzi seziqhamo kunye namajikisi, kwaye ukuba iflethi yekhephu iya kuqala ngokuhlwa-Esi sisityalo esihle sesityalo.
- Ukuba udibana nonyaka omtsha omdala kumlenze obanzi - ke unyaka wonke uya kudlula ngendlela efanayo.
- Yiva ukukhala okungaqhelekanga kusasa kunyaka omtsha wakudala - ukuphinda ugcwalise usapho.
Malunga nonyaka ukusuka apho umsitho wonyaka omdala wavela, bona ividiyo elandelayo.