Ukoyika yobumnyama: inkcazo nodobia (scotophobia). Benefit kunye nomonakalo. Indlela ukuba balahle uloyiko? Izinto ezibangela izifo

Ngasinye ubuncinane kanye ebomini bakhe ukuba uzive kunzima of ixhala kwigumbi unlockable. Abanye unnecessarly ukubaxa ingozi lobumnyama, waza ke ukoyika ngokuthe ngcembe ikhula iba yokoyika ngokugqithiseleyo. Ukuze uqale unyango, kubalulekile ukuqonda iimpawu imbonakalo yokoyika ngokuhlwa kunye nasebusuku.

Inkcazo yePhobia

Ukoyika panic yobumnyama kuthiwa Naphobia. Igama Liguqulwe lithatyathwa kwisiGrike ngokuthi "ukoyika ebusuku" (ukusuka Greek Nyktos -. "Night" kunye Phobos - "Musa ukoyika"). Scotophobia (ukusuka Greek Skotos -. "Ubumnyama"), ahluophobia kunye ecophobia - amagama ifane intsingiselo benoloyiko gqithi ixesha emnyama lemini.

Amaninzi, esi sifo wabonakalaliswa ebantwaneni. Ihlabathi ebusuku lu dityanisiwe imfihlelo, imifanekiso ezingekhoyo, kuhlukunyezwa. Emva koko, inkoliso abantwana Yandothusa phambi kokuqala kobusuku liyancipha kwaye udlula maxa onke. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuba kuseza kuqengqeleka iminyaka, nodobia kwandiswa kuphela. Ukoyika yezifo yobumnyama ubunzima-10% yabemi zomhlaba.

Le peculiarity yale lumo kukuba Bonke-esela kukududuzela kubangela na ubumnyama, kodwa ukunqongophala yokukhanyisa. Ngokuphathelele kwenzeka ngenxa ekungakwazini ukufumana ulwazi malunga nendawo ezingqongileyo. Le engaziwayo yenza ukuyila esisityebi yomntu kunzima emsebenzini. Yokuziphatha, kubonakala eyoyikekayo, nokuhlalisana izinto azikho kwaukubakho.

Umntu onesifo scotophobia uloyiko eningenakukholwa yiyo, nkqu ukuba umntu ekhuselekileyo ngokupheleleyo kaThixo eyethu. Ngokufuthi, abantu bayahlupheka ukusuka ubukrelekrele phezulu, ukucinga non-standard kunye nomfanekiso- ngqondweni olomeleleyo.

Abantu abanjalo afakwa hyperemology, ukwanda uvakalelo. Bona ababuleweyo, ababuthathaka athambekele amava ngokudangazela naziphi na iimvakalelo.

Amaninzi, abantu ebumnyameni ngokupheleleyo babe kabi ukusuka ithuba beyixelele ezithile zezifundo nto ngakumbi. Lumo yahlukile uloyiko eziqhelekileyo ixhala ngokuthe kwandisa kwaye ingena one- kukududuzela. Ngenxa ekusondeleni kobumnyama, ezi mpawu zilandelayo maxa wambi owayejongwe lumo yabantu:

• tachycardia;
• kabi kwisiqwenga zesisu, aqaqambayo isisu;
• inkanuko rhoqo ukuze ukuchama;
• kunzima Tsalani;
• elibuhlungu Strong;
• ukwanda ezibukhali okanye ukuncipha uxinzelelo lwegazi;
• isiyezi;
• ukwanda kokufunga;
• obandayo umzimba uphela;
• Ukugodola, igubha engaphakathi, lafa izandla;
• ukukhathazeka;
• imeko etyhafileyo;
• hysterics;
• Abanale, ajikeleza kunye nentetho linyuke;
• umlomo owomileyo, ilahleko ilizwi;
• ukuncitshiswa okanye ukwanda kwezihlunu;
• ubuthathaka imilenze isikiwe;
• isimo bangonwabi;
• -clinical.

Kwinqanaba leemvakalelo, iPhobia inokuzibonakalisa kwiphupha elingenantsulu kunye netshutshise ebusuku. Indoda ivusa kabukhali kubushushu obubandayo. Ngalo mzuzu, akakwazi ukukuqonda kwangoko okwenzekileyo. Ukusuka kuloyiko kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kunye nomnqweno ongapheliyo wokubaleka kwenye indawo. Emva koko hlaziya ukukrokrela kunye novalo.

Izibonelelo kunye nengozi yokuzalwa kobumnyama

IPhobia inokuxhamla: Indoda engoyiki ubumnyama abuthatheka kumngcipheko. Ukunikela ingqalelo kunye nolumkiso kubonakaliswa kungekuphela ngexesha lokufumana kwigumbi elimnyama, kodwa nakwindawo. Izemidlalo egqithisileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi akuthethi nubbits. Abantu abanjalo banengqondo ephuhliswe kakuhle yokuzisela.

Nangona kunjalo, zonke izibonelelo ezilungileyo. Imeko ye-parehoilocal yoloyiko ihlala ichaphazela kakubi umgangatho wobomi. I-NightMall iphazamisa kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Izifundo, ukudinwa kunye ne-leyagy ayiniki mntu ukuba agxile kwaye akhokelele ekungekhoyo. Kukho ithuba lokufumana i-neurosis engaqhelekanga, ayihambelani nexesha lobumnyama.

Indoda yoyika ukuhamba esitratweni ngokuhlwa. Igumbi elingathandekiyo lizisa isiguli semeko yoxinzelelo. Isondlo esiqhelekileyo, amava, ukothuka ngokweemvakalelo kuyingozi emzimbeni. Kuyeki ukonyusa izifo ezifihlakeleyo. Iziphumo zokugcina izinto zenzondelelo eziqhubekayo zinokuba luphuhliso lwesifo seswekile, iArthrosis, i-Oncology.

Amathuba okubetha kunye nokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo, ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yentliziyo kunye nokugaya ukutya, kuphezulu. Oku kunokubangela ukufa kwangoko.

Unobangela weSova

Uloyiko olumnyama lunokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi.

• Ikhowudi yemfuza iyazuzwa njengelifa. Abantu bamandulo bafumana ukoyikeka ngaphambi kokufika kobumnyama bonke ngenxa yokuhlasela kubo kwizizwe zotshaba okanye izilwanyana ezigqithileyo. Kwaye kumntu wale mihla, imvakalelo yokuzilawula inika umqondiso kwingqondo malunga nokusondela kwelona xesha liyingozi lemini - ubusuku.
• Umbono kwimikhono emnyama kabukhali, umntu uqala ukubandezeleka kwakhe ngokupheleleyo nokungazithembi . Ngenxa ye-impeby ye-acuity ebonakalayo, inesibanda iphunga, ebusuku ingozi yengozi ivela.
• Phantse bonke abantwana bothukile phambi kobumnyama. Ixhala ebumnyameni liqala ngenxa yokunqongophala kukamama. Uloyiko lwabantwana lunokukhula kwi-neurosis. Oku kuqhutywa zizihlobo zonke zamabali awoyikekayo malunga nabemi bobusuku kunye nokufundisa komntwana ukulala enye ngokukhanya.
• Kukho abazali ngokwabo bakhuthaze umntwana obothusayo ngaphambi kobusuku bobusuku. Basebenzisa kakubi umntwana, bamxhasa boyika ubumnyama. Ukusoyikisa abantwana ngoovimba abahle kwaye abamangalisayo kubangela ukuba abonwabileyo, uloyiko lokuhlala umntu ongenacaleni libonakala. Ukoyikwa kwamandla angahlambulukanga, iziporho, ngamanye amaxesha uloyiko luyaphuculwa ngenxa yokuvela kwezandi zemvelaphi engaziwayo.
• Ukhathalelo lwabazali Inegalelo ekudekeni kwenkungu kunye nokungazithembi, nto leyo enegalelo ekuvelisweni kwesandi elomeleleyo.
• Usapho olungaphelelanga Kubangela ukuba umntu omncinci abe nengqondo yokungakhuseleki.
• Kubantu abadala, i-nofobia yi-rooting yoloyiko lwabantwana Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphelisa isifo kwinqanaba lokuqala. Ngalo lonke ixesha, uloyiko lokupelwa kobumnyama luqhubela phambili kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Kukho ukubakho kwenguqu yayo kwisifo sengqondo.
• Ukoyika ukuhlala ebumnyameni kunokubangela izinto ezingaqhelekanga. Ingcinga yenzelwe ukugqwetha izinto ezithile eziphakathi. I-duntasy yesaqhwithi inegalelo ekudalweni kwemizobo eyoyikekayo.
• Uninzi lubonisa ukupheliswa okugqithisileyo kususela ngokuhlwa kwi-curonic ye-pronike, i-pictude okanye imuvi eyoyikisayo . Ngombane obuthathaka, kwaye nkqu ne-blackout encinci, i-SANST, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo iqala ukubethwa kakhulu.
• Ubumnyama bunye bunxulunyaniswa nokungabikho . Ukoyikiswa kokufa kuyavela ngenxa yokona okuphezulu kwayo ebumnyameni. Kule meko, oochwephesha bengqondo basebenza ekupheliseni ukoyikwa kobomi.
• Imvakalelo yokuba lilolo ibangela ukuba kufunwa lubukho belinani lomntu othandekayo. Ukusondela komphefumlo ophilayo kuya kubeka uxolo lwengqondo noxolo.
• Uxinzelelo, uloyiko, iimbambano zihlala zivuselela iphobia. Izibonelelo emsebenzini, ukunqongophala kwemali ezinzileyo, izifo zabantu ezibathandayo zigqwetha indlela yokuzilolonga. Imvakalelo yokungakhuseleki iyavela. Umntwana, okwishumi elivisayo, kwaye nomntu okwiminyaka yobudala eqinile uyakwazi ukuva uloyiko lokuqina kobumnyama ngenxa yemahluko okuqala.
• Ukunqongophala emzimbeni wezinto ezilandelwayo ezibangelwa sisithintelo sokutya ngexesha lokutya , ibaluleke kakhulu impilo yoluntu kwaye ichaphazela ukuvela kobusuku.
• I-Psycholocal Morama Isenokuhlala iminyaka emininzi emva kwesiganeko esingathandekiyo esenzeka kwindawo engafundanga okanye ngokuhlwa esitratweni. Ngokwedatha yeenkcukacha-manani, yi-20% kuphela ye-phango eliphantsi ebumnyameni ekugqibeleni bahlukane nePhobia.

Abafazi ababenengxaki yobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo abanakuloyisa uloyiko kubumnyama kubo bonke ubomi babo obulandelayo.

Ubonakala njani uloyiko?

Bonakalisa phobia-ukuthintela iindawo ezimnyama. Indlu yabantu abaphethwe yintsholongwane igqunywe kuwo onke amacala: ukukhanya kubandakanya naphi na. Ingozi engavuleki ingozi. Kwizifundo ezimnyama, eziqhelekileyo ziqondwe kancinane. Ukufota okutyibilikayo. Nasiphi na esona soyikisa kwaye sibangela ukonakala kakhulu.

Ngamanye amaxesha imifanekiso eyintsomi iqala ukuqubha phambi kwamehlo, njengoko inyani. Iinkqubo zengqondo engaphantsi kwengqondo ziphulwe kakhulu ukuba i-pseudogalition ivele. Ukungakwazi ukwahlula-hlula imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ye-crespy imifanekiso evela kwinyaniso kunokubangela ingxaki enkulu yengqondo. Abanye banemikhwa etshabalalisayo: ukubaleka okanye ukulila.

Ngamanye amaxesha abantu abadala bakufutshane nje ngaphambi kokuba ixesha lokulala lishiya isibane ecaleni kwabo. Kukho abantu abathanda ukulala phantsi kwesandi seTV. Umntu othile usoyika ukubona isithunzi sezihlobo eziswelekileyo, umntu udandathekisa imvakalelo engaziwa. Zonke iintlobo ze-violes, i-pustling ayivumeli ukulala ngokuzolileyo. Abanye baphulaphule ngamandla umphanda kunye nomlingani ebumnyameni. Abanye, ngokuchaseneyo, bazame ukuqina ngokuqinileyo amehlo abo kwaye bagqume iindlebe zakho ngengubo.

Kwi-scotophobebe yeyona ntlekele inkulu, kukho isikhanye sokukhanya kwesiquphe okanye ukusilela kwezixhobo zombane. Kule meko, kusengaphambili ngamakhandlela, amakhandlela kunye nefowuni eneselokhogotha. Ngaphandle komthombo owongezelelweyo wokukhanya, abantu ababalekayo. Ukuba akunakwenzeka ukufumana inxenye, baqala ukothuka, bakhwaza, bacela uncedo.

Njengomntwana, i-nodufobia iqhubeka ilula kakhulu kunokuba nokubadala. Akunakwenzeka ukuvumela ukomelela kwePhobia yabantwana kwaye bayinike iguqulike kwisigulo esiqatha. Ukusukela kwiminyaka encinci kubalulekile ukwenza ngokwezifiso umntwana ngendlela eyakhayo, ngazo zonke iindlela ezinokwenzeka ukunceda ukugcina imeko entle yam.

Ilaphu kunye nabalinganiswa be-mythical bahlala beba ngabalinganiswa be-myting. Abantwana kunzima kakhulu ukulala ngenxa yokoyikiswa zizilo kunye namabali abo. Kuyimfuneko ukuchaza indoda encinci encinci ukuba kubomi bokwenyani bale miyalelo ayikho. Zisisiqhamo somntu onesiphango somntu onesiphango. Abantwana abanomdla akufuneki babukele i-tv ubusuku bonke.

Ukuvavanya ukoyikeka okungathandekiyo, umntwana uyala, uvusa abazali ebusuku. Akukho tyala alinakutshutshiswa kwaye libizwe ngokuba ligwala. Kuyimfuneko ukuba hug hung, toothe, inkxaso. Ukuba le ndoda incinci yoyika kakhulu, ungayiguqula isibane sobusuku okanye ushiye ucango oluvulekileyo kwigumbi lakhe.

Ukungahoyi amaphuphe amabi abantwana abakwazi.

Iindlela zoNyango

Ingqondo yanamhlanje ibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi ezinomdla zokuphumelela kwePhobia enemvakalelo ezakhayo.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukujongana nesi sifo luqale imbonakalo iimpawu kuqala. uloyiko yabantwana iya kubeyisa lula kakhulu. Kunokuba umntu omdala, i nzima ukuphelisa esi sifo. Baby Kubalulekile ukuba bazive yokuba iling'awukazi, uthando, inkathalo lwabazali. Ukugonwa bephuzana ngumama okanye utata kuba iyeza ilungileyo zonke endinxunguphala.

Uninzi wonke umntwana ndoyike Ubumnyama angayaziyo. Unga anamathele iinkwenkwezi ezikhanyayo kunye kwezaa ntsimbi kulo lonke igumbi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba uye kulala umntwana wokuqala Bewacima namehlo akho. Emva koko, kuyimfuneko ukuba balahle ngokukhanyisa ngala magama: "Mna ukucima ukukhanya."

A arhente elungileyo zonyango yinto yokudlala ethambileyo okanye isilwanyana. Vumela ubuthongo umntwana ayithanda kakhulu. Ukwenzela ukuphepha uphuhliso infantality okanye superstitiousness ngokugqithisileyo kwixesha elizayo, ezinye kwengqondo Siyaleza ukususa i "nomkhuseli", kamsinya nje yentswelo ezibukhali iphele.

Kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo ukufumana usana ngubani okanye yintoni kanye oko woyika ebumnyameni. Emva koko, kufuneka uzobe into eyoyikekayo yalikhanyisa yi ilanga okuqaqambileyo kunye ibhalbhu. Ukusuka isiqwenga sephepha, kufuneka wenze isikhephe, apho umntwana uya kuthumela ukudada phezu komlambo.

Ngamanye amaxesha umntwana akuyomfuneko uncedo zangaphandle. Ngeminyaka 8-10, nku- ngokwayo sidlula. Nokuthintela, usana kufuneka Ndacebisa ukuba ukuchukumisa ukukhangela into kwigumbi emnyama a. Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka ukukhokela incoko fun naye, joke, sihleke. Xa boyika elivela, a lantern ezinokufundiswa. Umele va ukhuseleko yakhe ngokupheleleyo ukungabikho ukukhanya.

Ungasa kunye umntwana igumbi yetotshi egumbini elimnyama a. Intshukumo kufuneka uphindaphindwe amaxesha amaninzi. Uyakwazi umdlalo lokulayita nangaphandle ukukhanya, ngelixa kufuneka unikele ingqalelo umntwana kungekhona ukukhanya ebumnyameni, kodwa iingoma, umqhaphu ezandleni zenu, Bouncing, amagama fun.

yeplastiki waBantwana psyche. It is kalula zifo. Amayeza aziyi kufuneka. Lumo lula ikhutshwe kunye ubuchule bokuyila. Talegotherapy, iiklasi isanti, imidlalo ezikhethekileyo kwenza umntwana asinde uloyiko lwabo, qinisekisa akukho isisongelo. Amabali umntwana malunga nayo ububi babo ezinxulumene ixesha ezimnyama imini, nako amncede ukumelana lumo yakhe.

Xa unyango abadala, ukoyika ababeyizuzile lula.

Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka ukuba ukunika umntu ithuba ndiwulahle iimvakalelo zam, asihlambulule kumava. unyango Art, symbolrama kunye nezinye iindlela ezithile ajolise ekulungiseni le meko. isibheno ngexesha le zengqondo kuqinisekisa ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo kwesi yokoyika ngokugqithiseleyo.

Ukuba ukoyika ubumnyama kubangela iingxaki sinxilisayo, oko kukuthi, amathuba self-konyulo kulo. Wena singoyisa okuthile ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

• Ngcembe ukunciphisa njengokukhazimla izibane, ngoko cwaka ngokwayo ngaphandle kokukhanya. Okokuqala kufuneka ukuziqhelanisa ngokwakho ukuba libe lelasemalanga. Ngoko, xa ukwandisa ubumnyama, kuyimfuneko ukufumana mzuzu yokuqhubeka luloyiko. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukujonga boyike kwicala, ukuhlalutya izinto okanye ngumkhuba edala kukududuzela. Kuyimfuneko ukuba uqonde apho kwavela umfanekiso entlokweni yam, kusinda kuyo. Ukoyika ebegqwese dissipated.
• Kuyimfuneko ukuba bana phandle kanye oko kubukeka ukusongela ebusuku kwingcamango ulilahle lo mngeni.
• Emini, kuyenzeka ukuba ukuyekelela ngamaxesha ukwenzela iziganeko ukunyenyiswa ngokupheleleyo ebusuku. Kufuneka ufunde ukulawula umzimba wakho. imithambo umoya, ngokusekelwe ixesha ngumphunga, ukhuthaza lokuphumla. Kuqala kufuneka benze umlinganiso, ngokupheleleyo ukulibazisa umoya wakho. Kwamandulo, benza ungawuboni ngamarhamncwa. Umphunga ezolileyo elide wenziwa amanqaku engqondweni ku 8-10.
• Ngokuqhelekileyo ukoyika yobumnyama ivela xa umntu ujika ube kwigumbi mbane yedwa. Uyakwazi ukumema ixesha elithile indoda kufutshane, kwaye babe kunye naye phambi kokuqala lobumnyama, uze uhlale apho yedwa.
• kubalulekile ukujonga ebumnyameni ngokupheleleyo kwelinye icala: ixesha ebusuku ivumela umntu axhamle ubuthongo kwaye uphumle.

Xa ushiya lo meko, ngenxa ulawulo, kufuneka ufune uncedo oyingcali ofanelekileyo. Sleep ne yokukhanya nokukhanya akuthethi ukusombulula le ngxaki. Isiginci kuphela isigqibo sakhe. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe: kwigumbi mnyama, i nzulu eli phupha.

Kunzima ukuba ukunyenyisa uloyiko lobumnyama, ezivele ngenxa iimpawu ngayo ngamnye. Umntu omdala akufuneki babe neentloni yokoyika yobumnyama, ngokuba bubuthongo esempilweni kuphucula umsebenzi obalulekileyo.

Ofanelekayo zengqondo ukuthanda uncedo zityhila unobangela ukucekiswa, ucebisa kwaye amisele unyango olubanzi.

unyango kunokwenzeka ngexesha exacerbation, ukususa ezinye iimpawu. Iziyobisi aziyi kukunceda ngokupheleleyo ukumelana yokoyika ngokugqithiseleyo. Akuve iziyobisi lakhula ezikhusela lubandakanywe nezenzo ngokudandatheka, kodwa musa ukusombulula le ngxaki. Ukongeza, amachiza isigqila sayo.

Zengqondo uyakwazi ukunikela iiseshoni thile. Ukubandezeleka lumo egxile kwi ethongweni okwethutyana. Ukubandakanywa kwe ienjini kwenza kube lula ukuba indawo iingcinga eyoyikekayo ukuqaphela unjustification yokoyika ixesha emnyama losuku. Le ndlela iza kuba ezifanelekileyo kuphela ezo mbelukazi ukuba ngomlingo uluthiyile kakuhle.

Le hypnologist ilungisa psyche, "kubeka kuyo" ulwalathiso ekunene. Ekupheleni lika-ngomlingo, loyiko saa, ukucekiswa nto andigweqe emihle:

• Ngubani na ongaphunyelwayo yokusabela elibukhali kwi indlela ebusuku;
• uyaqonda Umntu ukuba akukho nto eyoyikekayo emnyameni;
• Imeko yengqondo ibuyiselwa ngokuthe ngcembe;
• Uloyiko lokubonakala kwezithunzi ezingaqondakaliyo kunye ne-phenomena engaziwayo kwigumbi elingavunyelwanga linyamalala.

Iziphumo zonyango zide kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, umthengi ngamnye kufuneka akhethe "isitshixo sakhe", kwaye umsebenzi we-psychotherapist uba luncedo lwesigulana. Ngaphandle koko, uNeuraThenia uphuculwe kuphela, amathuba okwenza iphobias edlulayo engahambelani nokoyika ubumnyama. Ukuba kwenzeke oku, i-Psychomerapist ichaza iziyobisi ezahlukileyo.

Kukho oqeqesho olukhethekileyo, uqeqesho lokuphumla, yiza nomphefumlo wayo ngendlela eqhelekileyo kwaye ulawule iimvakalelo zabo. Ekuqaleni, umntu ophethwe yiphobia kufuneka aphendule imibuzo emininzi:

• Ndizoyike nini imibono yam?
• Yintoni enokwenzeka ukuba ndilala ngokukhanya?
• Kutheni ndiziva ndikhala kwaye ndikuphelisa njani?
• Kutheni ndiyoyika Ngokunga ngqo?
• Kwenzeka ntoni kum ukuba ndiyawa?
• Ngaba ndingakoyise uloyiko ngokuzimela?

Ngaphambi kokuba ibhedi, kufuneka ulibe nephupha lakho, ukhumbule amaxesha amnandi obomi. Zonke iingcinga zakho kufuneka zithunyelwe kwicala elifanelekileyo. Kuya kuba kuhle kwindawo efanelekileyo, enamagama avaliweyo kunye nokuzola umculo wokucoca unxibelelwano olubi ukuze ube nethemba. Ngokukhethekileyo kwezi zinto zimele imeko yolwandle lwe-angare, i-crumbly yegolide, isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza, ityholo eliluhlaza, iintyatyambo eziluhlaza.

Ngaphambi kokulala, ungahamba kwigumbi lokulala elimnyama, ukongeza zonke izinto ukweyisela ukhuseleko lwakho olupheleleyo.