Indalo ilungiselele ubunzima obukhulu bezinto ezimangalisayo kunye neemfihlo. Ewe, akukho nto ingaqondakaliyo okanye engaqondakaliyo kubo, kodwa umtsalane wendalo ephilayo ayenza buthathaka. Iimfihlakalo ezininzi zifihlela kwihlabathi lamaminerali. Iluncedo kwaye iyalela ukuba ifunde, umzekelo, konke malunga negolide nuggets.
Yintoni?
Iinkcukacha-manani ezimbi zibonisa: ubuncinci i-97% yegolide iyonke ehlanganyelweyo emhlabeni zikhethwe kwiidipozithi zemveli. Lo ngumthombo ozinzileyo nobuqiqisiweyo "kwaye kwangaxeshanye isinyithi esibonakalayo. Kukho okukhoyo kuxutywe nezinye ii-ores kunye nelitye lezimbiwa elingenanto. Ukufumana eyona golide, kuya kufuneka uchithe ubugqwetha abaninzi.
Kodwa ubugcisa bokwenyani behlabathi le-geolological iyakuqonda i-nugget yegolide . Igolide yendabuko ifunyenwe inqabile. Kungenxa yoko le nto exatyiswa kakhulu ngo-Amateur ocebileyo. Ukungcola kwizinto ezikhoyo zimbalwa.
Ezona ndawo zintle zezi zezo ezingaqulathanga naziphi na izinto ezingalunganga okanye zibandakanye zilandelelana.
Kunzima ukuyithetha kakuhle indlela i-nugget yegolide ijongeka njengendalo. IJoemetri, ubukhulu kunye nobunzima bunokwahluka kakhulu. Elona xabiso liphezulu ziikopi ezingama-1 ukuya kwi-100 kg. Ngamaxesha athile dibana neziphene ezinkulu. Kodwa ezi sele zifunyenwe ngokwahlukileyo, kwaye nganye nganye inegama layo.
Zinjani?
Ukuvela kwegolide yendabuko kuthatha amanzi anzulu kumasebe asemhlabeni. Oku kufuna ixesha elide kakhulu. Kwanazo iingcali azinakuphendula ngokucacileyo ukuba imfundo ye-musiral ivele njani. Kwixa elidlulileyo, i-WENGers (zombini ezisebenza kwimigodi kunye namahrippers) kukholelwa ukuba "zikhula" emhlabeni. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba amaqhekeza amancinci egolide, ahlukaniswe kwi-ore core, 'utsala "amasuntswana amancinci asuka emhlabeni kunye namanzi amanemine amanzi aphelisiweyo.
Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, amasuntswana akhula kunye omnye komnye. Ngenxa yoko, ii-nuggets ezinkulu kakhulu, ezixatyiswayo. Kodwa oku, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, inguqulelo entle "ayibetha" ngezibakala zenjongo. Kwaye ezo ziqinisekiso zibonelela ngeenqwelo zegolide kwixa elidlulileyo, iingcali namhlanje ziyaphikiswa. Ke, inyani yokuba igolide enkulu yendabuko ayifunyanwanga emithanjeni ayinakubonwa ubungqina bokunqongophala konxibelelwano phakathi kwezi phenomena.
Izifundo zemikhosi zisivumele ukuba siyifumane loo nto Igolide kwindalo ekuqaleni ikwimo ye-V-. Ke ngoko, ngohlobo lokuqala kunye nendawo yensimbi, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yemoto iguqukile ukuba ibe semphezulu kwawo okanye engalunganga. Ngokuthe ngcembe, inani elikhulu leedipozithi zokuqala likhuselwe ngokupheleleyo. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba malunga ne-2/3 yenxalenye ephezulu yazo naziphi na izinto eziqulathe igolide kudala zitshatyalalisiwe, kwaye ngoku kuphela zintsalela nje ezifumanekayo.
Enye imeko ebalulekileyo yasungulwa- I-nuggets ezinkulu zenziwe kungekuphela nje kwimithambo ye-ore, kodwa nakwimithambo emincinci ye-lateral, kude kumgama ophambili kumzimba ophambili. Oko kukutyholwa okunjalo kuya kuba ziifilitha zendalo ekwaziyo ukubamba izisombululo zeminerali zigcwele ngegolide. Xa izisombululo ziqhubeka ngamaphiko, zibeka nje isinyithi, ezichaza izakhiwo zemvelo emva kwexesha elithile.
Iingcali zikwafumanise ukuba uninzi lweenkululeko ezinkulu zenziwa kumthi omncinci osisityebi ngentsimbi exabisekileyo kwaye isondele kumphezulu womhlaba.
I-v-ithiyori inesiqinisekiso ezininzi esisebenzayo, kwaye kwinkulungwane ye-XXI akukho ngqiqweni iya kuqwalasela "ithiyori yeRostov".
Ufumana phi?
Abafundisi abaneva lokukhetha ukukhangela igolide yendabuko e-Stataitha nakwimilambo yangaphambili yemilambo eyomileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kodwa i-benchmark ayonelanga. Ezona ndawo zinokwenzeka ze-ingots zihambelana nemilinganiselo enjalo:
- kufutshane namalungu e-tectonic yezakhiwo;
- Kwakukho intaba-mlilo kwindawo ethile;
- Ipleyiti yegolide ngaphambili okanye iingcambu zegolide egolide;
- Ngaphakathi kwe-radius ye-50-80 km akukho ziphoselo zesilivere.
I-ALIS, kwinxalenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia ilungele ukufuna i-Golds AMOTS AKUKHO zi ndawo. Kodwa eSiberia (ikakhulu kwindawo yehlathi), amathuba okuphumelela amaxesha amaninzi ngakumbi. Kukwakufanelekile ukutyelelwa kukhangelo lwe-nuggets:
- Yakutia;
- I-Kolyma River Pool;
- Ingingqi ye-IUR;
- Ingingqi yeKrasnoyars yeKrasnoyars;
- Ostreliya;
- Gana;
- Indoneshiya;
- Norowe;
- I-Canada (apho ngaphambili yayizikhulu kakhulu).
Ezona nuggets ezinkulu
Emhlabeni
Rhoqo unokuva ukuba inkulu kakhulu ye-nugges efumaneka ngokusemthethweni - Iplate halterman . Wafunyanwa phantse kwiminyaka eli-150 eyadlulayo emgodini ye-ostresia. Ubunzima belitye bube yi-250 kg, kwaye i-93 kg inxulunyaniswa kwendawo ecocekileyo, ubude bayo bube yi-1.4 m. Ukubona i-Slab Halterman ayinakwenzeka ixesha elide. Yakhunjulwa kwaye ihlaziyekile.
Kodwa ukuba usondela ngqo, emva koko i-slab halterman ayinakuthathwa njenge-nugget.
Ukuhlelwa kwemikhosi kubhekisa kubo kuphela isinyithi. Ukufunyanwa ngo-1872 sisiqwenga sethambo, iinxalenye zegolide zidibanisa i-quartz uluhlu. Udumo lwekopi lunxulunyaniswa nokuba umfoti lowo owamfumanayo wamenzela ngoko nangoko wenza imifanekiso emininzi, esasazeka kwihlabathi liphela.
Kwangoko, ngo-1869, wafunyanwa I-nugget "inqwenele i-Stranger" enobunzima obuyi-71 kg.
"I-Stranger enqwenelekayo" yayilele endleleni. " Abaphumeleleyo bakhubeka kwibhloko xa bezama ukukhupha inqwelo yabo eqaqambileyo. Kuba kwakungekho mandla afanelekileyo esikalini, ilitye lahlulwahlulwa libe ziinxalenye kwaye libacinezela ngokutsha.
Eyona nto inkulu yaseCalifornia yafunyanwa xa kumba amangcwaba. UNakhodka wabizwa ngokuba yintlonipho ye-fed - "UOliver Martin", I-lubbet inobunzima obuyi-36 kg ithengiselwe i-22,700 yeedola.
Ukuba ugxile kwiikopi ezigciniweyo ngokuthembekileyo, emva koko kweyona inzima iphela I-Pepita Caana. Eli golide ye-cobblertone yafunyanwa ngo-1983 kufutshane nelali yaseBrazil yase-Serra Pelad, ethuli. I-Nakhodka igcina imyuziyam yebhanki yesizwe. Ubunzima bebonke bungama-60.82 kg, kunye neendawo zegolide zinobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-52 kg.
Kufanelekile ukuphawula ukuba ekuqaleni, i-nugget yayisaqhubeka inkangeleko, kodwa ayinakwenzeka ukuba ikhuphe emhlabeni.
Ngaphandle kokudinwa kwefiva yegolide, zonke ii-Ingots ezintsha zifunyenwe ngamanye amaxesha. Ke, ngoSeptemba ngo-2018, uHenry Dol wafumanisa enye indot kwintsimi ye-nickel "Beta Hunt", eWest Australia. I-Nakhodka yenziwa kwinkqubo yomsebenzi wokuqhushumba. Ezona ziqwengana zikhulu ezisele emva kokuqhushumba "Ukutsalwa" malunga neekhilogramu ezingama-90, ukubandakanywa kwegolide yayingama-65.2 kg. Ifumene isiqwenga esibuhlungu kangange-60 kg (ngaphakathi kuye yayi-45.3 kg yegolide). Kwenzeka ntoni kwi-nuggets ngakumbi, ayaziwa.
Ngaphambili, Ngo-1980, kufutshane neSixeko sase-Australia safumana i-ingot enobunzima obuziintabalala ezingama-27.66 kg. UKevin Hehirier weza kuye. Eli litye lifumene igama "UKHOLO", Kuba ujongeka ngathi yisundu. Inomdla wokuba le yeyona nto iphambili yegolide yemveli efunyenwe ngoncedo lomsebenzi wesinyithi. Ubungakanani bayo yi-0.09x0.47x0.2 m. "Isandla sokholo" sinokubonwa ekungeneni kweLas Vegas Casino.
Enye into efunyenwe ngo-1992 eCalifornia. Ubunzima "Izitya zesithsaba" I-16.4 kg. Esi sisampulu yegolide ye-crystalline, eyayingaphakathi kakhulu i-quartz ubunzima. I-Fluoride Hydrofluoric Acid isetyenzisiwe ukususa i-quartz. "I-Jubb yesithsaba"
ERussia
Ilizwe lethu lityebile kakhulu kwi-golide. Iqwalaselwa ukuba ixhaphake kakhulu ukuze ihlangane nendawo ephakathi nencinci. Owona mzekelo mkhulu wemvelaphi yasekhaya uyamkelwa ngunxantathu oxabisekileyo waseRussia. I-nugget ifunyenwe kwi-Urals (okanye endaweni yokuba isemazantsi yakhe emazantsi) kumgama 1842.
Kunomdla wokwazi ukuba ngelo xesha imam, apho i-Iyot efunyenwe ithathelwa ingqalelo ukuba ingenzi mgodi.
V I-1895 enye ifunyenwe yenziwa -Umninzi wakhe ukufikelele kwi-31 kg. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngalo lonke ixesha elilandelayo, bekungakwenzi ukuba ufumane ii-nuggets zegolide ezinobunzima obungama-20 kg nangaphezulu, kodwa iikopi ezininzi ze-5-19.9 kg. A Ngo-1881 kwi-bodaibo yoMlambo ibhedi Ifumene ilitye elihamba ngegolide enobunzima obuyi-25.9 kg. Ngaphezulu kokuvusa i-quartz, isampulu yesampulu yi-16.3 kg. Ukuchongwa kweyona nto inkulu yakut Ingot (i-9.6 kg, 0.192x0,15x0.09 m) imihla Ngo-1945.
Kodwa akusoloko kunobuqaqawuli be-nugget inxulunyaniswa nobungakanani berekhodi. Ke, kwiNgxowa-mali yeDiamond iyaboniswa "I-Mefistofeles" Ukuvavanya kuphela malunga ne-0.02 kg. Nangona kunjalo, iindwendwe ezintsha zakhawuleza zaya kuye ngalo lonke ixesha. Eli litye lifana nomfanekiso we-mephistophele, indlela eqhele ukubona abantu. Inani leemviwo ezingenakufanekiswanga ukuba ayinakufane nemveliso yendalo, ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba yomntu.
Engaqhelekanga kunye nefom "Iindlebe ezinqabileyo", ifunyenwe kwi-Urals. I-Iyot yabhalwa ekuqaleni kuka-1935, yayitsala kwihlabathi eliphambili elisebenze kangangeminyaka eli-110. Umkhuseli weza kwi "Heare Heides" sele elungiselela i-mgoni. Ubunzima be-Unicum yi-3.3 kg, kwaye ifana nentloko yentonga neendlebe ezinde. Ukubhalwa kokuvulwa ngo-Pate uPeter Simonov.
Nantsi enye ifumana ngakumbi:
- "Inkamela" (iKolyma yam, ngo-1947, 9.3 kg);
- "Intloko yentloko" (i-Ural, 1936, 13.7 kg);
- "I-Holey enkulu" (3 kg, ifumene malunga neminyaka engama-300 eyadlulayo - enye yeyesibini kwilizwe lethu).
Zisetyenziswa phi?
Yonke into icacile. Igolide ye-nerbhon ayisetyenziswanga ngobugcisa nezonyango, yile:
- ihamba ngesibetho;
- idityaniswe kwiingqekembe zegolide;
- Isetyenziselwe ukubonisa iinjongo;
- isetyenziswa kwintengiso;
- ihlehlisiwe kwiingqokelela zabucala.
Jonga ulwazi olunomdla ngakumbi malunga negolide yegolide kwividiyo elandelayo.