Sebenzisa abantu besilivere baqala kumaxesha amandulo. Ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi yesilivere entle kwaye namhlanje akuphulukani nokubaluleka. Ubucwebe kunye ne-cutlery yenziwa ngesilivere ene-800
Yintoni?
Isampulu 84 ayithethi ukuba sikhona Isilivere kakhulu kakhulu . Eli nani linxulumene nenkqubo yesampulu ye-Spool, eyaziswa eTsar Russia ngo-1798. Intshukumo yayo iqhubekile de kwangowe-1927, xa ithathelwe indawo yiMetric. Isiseko sokwakhiwa kwale nkqubo sathatyathwa yipawundi yaseRussia equka ama-96 spools. I-spool ngezo ntsuku yayisetyenziswa njengeyunithi yemilinganiselo yobuninzi, ibingaphezulu kwe-4 g.
Njengayo nayiphi na inkqubo yesampula, i-stencil yayithetha inani lentsimbi exabisekileyo kwi-alloy.
Ngenxa yoko, isitampu se-wizard enenombolo 84 ibonise ukuba ukusuka kwi-96 yeendawo zeakhawunti yesilivere ngamalungu angama-84.
Isalathiso esisezantsi yayingama-36 spools, elona liphezulu - 96 Yintoni ehambelana neslide ecocekileyo.
Sifunda ukuba sisiphi isilivere ezingama-84. Eli nani alikho kunzima ukuguqulela ngenkqubo eqhelekileyo nefanelekileyo ye-metric. Ukwenza oku, kubalulekile ukwahlula isampulu ye-spool ukuya kwi-96 kwaye iphindaphindwe nge-1000. ngokuvelisa isenzo esilula, sifumana isiphumo se-875.
Namhlanje I-875 yesilivere yesampulu ithathwa njengeyona nto ibiza kakhulu Kwaye ukusuka kuyo ayiwenzi ubucwebe obutofotofo.
Kodwa yinto ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yemveliso ye-cutlery.
Izibonelelo kunye nokungancedi
Njengokuba kwaziwa, isilivere yintsimbi ethambileyo kwaye eguquguqukayo, ke ngokomba ngaphandle kokungcola akusetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kweemveliso. Iipropathi zezinto ezibonakalayo zixhomekeka kubume benqanaba lokungcola kunye nokungcola kokungcola. Kwisilivere yaseRussia i-84 isampulu kwakukho umxholo obalulekileyo wobhedu Oko kubangele ezo mpawu zilungileyo zeemveliso kunye ne-negative.
Dibanisa kakhulu.
- Okokuqala, ubhedu lunika amandla kwi-alloys yesilivere. Iimveliso ziqinile, ezivumela ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zezinto ezisebenzisa yonke imihla.
- I-alloy ixhaphake kakhulu, ayizibandakanyeki, ezibonelela ubomi obude beenkonzo. Abaphulukani nembonakalo emnandi ixesha elide.
- Izinto ziyanyangeka kwiziphumo zoomatshini, ukukrwada akusenziwanga kubo.
- Iimveliso zinokuhamba kakuhle ekuhlambelweni nasekucoceni, aboyiki ukutshayela.
Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izinto ezingalunganga zikhona:
- I-ALTEY ayilungelanga ubucwebe obukhethekileyo;
- Ngenxa yomxholo omkhulu wesilivere unomthunzi otyheli;
- Umsebenzi awusoloko uchanekile ngenxa yamandla kunye nobunzima besinyithi.
Ubume kunye neepropathi
Isilivere-ummeli weqela leentsimbi ezixabisekileyo. Kungenjalo babizwa ngokuba ngamahle, njengoko benganyanzelekanga, bengayisusi.
Phakathi kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo, isilivere yeyona ixhaphakileyo.
Inqaku lakhe elahlukileyo - umbala we-mull-slick omhlophe.
Nangona kunjalo, isilivere kweli qela yeyona nto ingazinzanga. Kwaye elinye inqaku lakhe luthando oluncinci. Oku kuyenzeka xa uqhagamshelwa kwezinye izinto zekhemikhali. I-Nitrogen, ioksijini, ikharbon kwisilivere ayisebenzi. I-Blight etyheli kunye ne-frienting ibangela i-sulfur ye-sulfure. Uxinzelelo lwabo oluncinci luhlala lufumaneka emoyeni, njengoko le yimveliso yeMetabolism yezinto eziphilayo nabantu, kunye ne-sulfur isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumzi mveliso. Utshintsho kwimbonakalo yesilivere inokubangela iodine kunye ne-bromine.
Ngenxa yeplastithi enkulu, isilivere emsulwa isetyenziswa njengokutshiza usebenzisa indlela yokuphucula iipropathi zokuhombisa nokukhusela iimveliso ezivela kwezinye izinyithi kunye nezilivere. Ukunika iitrikhi ezixabisekileyo zepropathi ethile, ii-ligatores zingeniswa kubo - izinto ezongezelelweyo. Banceda ukonyusa ubunzima kwaye banxibe ukuxhathisa intsimbi yesiseko, kwaye banokutshintsha umbala wayo.
Eyona nto iphambili kwisilivere-Coverper.
Kwisilivere engama-84, isahlulo sayo yi-12,5%. Umyinge wenza ukuba isilivere inyange ngomonakalo woomatshini kunye nokunxiba, kodwa intsimbi iyonwabisa ngokwaneleyo. Kwaye enkosi kubhedu lunemithunzi ethile.
Ngamanye amaxesha, iinkosi zinokongeza ezinye izinto ezingcolileyo. Umzekelo, iplatinam Kuyanceda ukwandisa ukuqina kweemveliso, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kubenza babize ngakumbi. Kunye ne-zinc, i-cadmium, i-nickel inokuvela.
Isicelo
ERussia, umdla wesilivere wavuka phantsi kwempembelelo ye-Peter I. Umenzi wenkonzo yokuqala eyenzeka ngo-1711 ngokungqinelana nomyalelo wakhe. Emva koko iiMasters ezinetalente zaqala ukuvela, itekhnoloji yokuthengisa itekhnoloji yaphuculwa. Ngoxinzelelo oluvela kuPeter I ukuba kukho utshintsho, amasiko aseYurophu ayeyinxalenye yobungangamsha. Yaba yeyayinto yefashoni kwaye iqinisekile ukuba inezinto ezintle zesilivere ezihle kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
Isilivere yetafile ixhaphakile ukuba isebenze kwizindlu ezityebileyo . Ukuqulunqwa kweeseti kwandisile: Iikhompyutha, iifolokhwe, izitya, iitreyi, abanini zendebe, ezinye izinto. Izinto ezibalulekileyo ezenzelwe abantu abayi-6, 12 okanye ngaphezulu baxatyiswa kakhulu. Itafile yesilivere yaqhelana, yahluthwa njengelifa.
Ngaphandle kweeseti zesidlo sasemini, Yacima ukusetyenziswa kweti neSamovar, ikofu, iseti ye wayini.
Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuqokelela izinto zesilivere zimisele imeko yosapho. Iibhakethi ezithengiweyo kwi wayini yokupholisa iwayini, i-seelabra, i-vacus, icuba kunye nesilivere, izixhobo ezibhaliweyo ze-desktop. Ukucheba, izixhobo kunye nezinto zokuhlobisa izinto ezenziwayo kwiworkshop zika-farge ikakhulu zixatyiswa kakhulu..
Ixabiso le-antique
Izinto ezininzi zichaphazela indleko zesilivere, ezinye zentsimi yeenkqubo zoqoqosho ezenzeka namhlanje emhlabeni. Ixabiso linokunyuka lize linciphise ngexesha elincinci. Umzekelo, Kunyaka ophelileyo, ixabiso leSilivere 875 iisampulu ziqashelwe kuluhlu lwee-ruble ezingama-26-36 kwi-1 g . Kwaye kwi-pawnshop okanye ukuyithenga kuya kuba mncinci. Iimveliso ezigqityiweyo ziya kubiza ixabiso elibi kakhulu, njengoko iindleko zomsebenzi ziya kuthathelwa ingqalelo.
Nangona isampulu ye-84 ihambelana nohlobo lwanamhlanje 875, bethetha malunga negram yesilivere yesilivere ye-Antique, akunakwenzeka ukuba iya kuba yinto efanelekileyo, kuba iimveliso zixabisekileyo nezembali. Zihlala zivavanywa njengomsebenzi wobugcisa, bonisa njengokubonisa iimyuziyam. Rhoqo izinto ezinjalo zikwiingqokelela zabucala. Imakethi ye-Antique yeHlabathi inika uvavanyo oluphezulu lwesilivere yaseRussia.
Kuba i-alloy inozinzo oluphezulu, iimveliso ezininzi zigciniwe kakuhle namhlanje.
Izinto ezisetyenziswayo ibala "84" zisetyenziswa namhlanje, zinexabiso eliphezulu, njengoko lizinto zakudala.
Umzekelo, Ixabiso lezitya zesilivere zinokufikelela kumawaka angama-50 ruble. . Ukongeza kwisampulu, kukho i-stigma wizard kwiimveliso, ezinokwandisa iindleko. Inyani yile yokuba kude kube nge-1899, kwakungekho isitampu se-program, yonke icweyo okanye inkosi yayiyeyakhe. Isitampu sinokuqulatha idatha egameni leNkosi, indawo kunye nomhla wokwenziwa kwemveliso.
Ukukhathalela iimveliso
Izinto ezixabisekileyo zifuna indlela efanelekileyo yokugcina kunye nokukhathalela ukuqinisekisa ukubonakala kwazo. Emva kwexesha kuya kufuneka bacocwe kwi-ove . Yenza ukuba ibengcono kwindibano yocweyo yejwabila apho ukucocwa kuya kubamba umsebenzi. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwiimveliso ezinomdiliya we-enamel okanye ifake kumatye.
Izinto ngaphandle kokufakwa zinokucocwa ngokuzimeleyo ekhaya . Ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwendlela ekhethekileyo eyenzelwe isilivere, eneentlobo ngeentlobo ezininzi ezibonelelwa ngabavelisi bale mihla. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo eqhotyoshelwe kwiPidium.
Into leyo inokuhlanjwa ngamanzi ashushu usebenzisa isisombululo sesepha. Ukuba kukho ii-Mveliso kwiMveliso, kuya kufuneka usebenzise ibrashi (unganamazinyo) kunye neBristle engaqhelekanga. Ngale ndlela, kubalulekile ukuba womisa ngononophelo imveliso usebenzisa i-napkin okanye ithawula ukunqanda ukubonakala koqhawulo mtshato. Emva kokuhlamba umphezulu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uPoland.
Ukuze ufumane iPolimes, ungasebenzisa iikhrim ezizodwa okanye ulwelo, oluthengiswayo kwiivenkile. Ifomu ekhethekileyo iya kukhusela isilivere kwiziphumo zezinto ezinobukrakra emoyeni ziya kubonelela ngokukhanya.
Emva kokugqitywa kwenkqubo, imveliso ihlanjwe kwakhona ngamanzi anesepha ukuze isuse iintsalela zearhente yePolimenting, kwaye isule yomile.
Gcina izinto zeSilivere zeSilivere kufuneka zibe ngaphakathi apho kungekho mpunya womoya, kwaye kuyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mitha yangaphantsi.
Emva koko iimveliso zesilivere akufuneki zizinto ezivela kwezinye izinyithi.
Ngeendawo ezinamaphepha esilivere, unokwazi ividiyo elandelayo.