Ibhayikhi "I-Ukraine", eveliswa ngumzi webhayisekile yeKhaki ekhayeni ebizwa emva kweV. Abantu bafumana ngovuyo le modeli enokuthenjwa kwaye bayisebenzisa ixesha elide. Ukuthandwa okukhethekileyo kweebhayisikile "UkUkraine" zisebenzise abahlali bamaphandle, ezaziya kubo ukuya esitolo, ukuya kwivenkile, ukuya ehlathini ngamakhowa.
Imbali yembali
I-Kharkiv velosavovd (iRus) yaqala imisebenzi yayo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, yakhulula inani elikhulu lebhayisikile kwasekuqalekeni kwama-20. Inkampani yayibandakanyekile ekuvelisweni kwendlela, imidlalo kunye neemodeli zabakhenkethi ezifumene ukuthandwa okukhulu kungekuphela kwabantu, kodwa naphakathi kweembaleki. I-SINGMPIRTOctone kwimbali yeebhayisikile ibanjwe kwi-USSR Olympiad-80, ngo-Ee-val owufumene umyalelo omkhulu wokukhutshwa komkhondo kunye nendlela ephezulu "kunye" nengxelo ".
Kwimbali yobukho bayo Isityalo sikhulule ngaphezulu kweemodeli ezingama-30 zabantu abadala kunye neebhayisikile zabantwana, phakathi kwazo zombini iisampulu ezikhethekileyo, ukukhutshwa kwayo kunqunyelwe kwiikopi ezimbini nezithathu kunye neemodeli ezinzima, ezinje "Abakhenkethi", "qala uhola wendlela", "iSatellite" kwaye, kunjalo, "ukUkraine".
Ilori yomjikelo yaseKharkov ikhoyo kwaye namhlanje, ukukhulula imodeli yale mihla, yaziwa ngakumbi phantsi kweBrand "Vodan". Iimveliso zeNkampani, njengakwiintsuku ezindala, zahlulahlulwe ngokuthembekileyo kunye nokuqina.
Ibhayisekile yokuqala eyindoda "I-Ukraine" yenyuka ivela kwiShishini leShishini ngo-1926 kwaye yaxhonywa ngesakhelo kunye namavili abukhulu 26. Ngale ndlela, yaveliswa ngaphambi kokuqala kweMfazwe yeLizwe enkulu, emva koko ukumiswa kumisiwe. Ekupheleni kwehlabathi, inkampani kwakhona yaqala ukukhupha iibhayisekile kwaye ingenise imodeli "I-Ukraine" kwi-120 ithathelwe indawo yintsomi "Inkqubela phambili" ngo-110, Yenziwe, ngenxa yesiseko sesampulu yaseJamani yamaxesha abenziwe ngexesha lemfazwe.
Izibonelelo kunye nokungancedi
Iibhayisikile zendlela "I-Ukraine" yayingaziwa kakhulu kwiSoviet Union, kodwa ithunyelwe kumazwe angama-28 ehlabathi. Imfuno ephezulu yemodeli yaseSoviet ibangelwa zizibonelelo ezininzi eziye zahlulahlula kwiibhayisikile ezivela kolunye uvelwano.
- Uloyiko olunamandla noluthembekileyo luvumele ibhayisekile ukuba isebenze kwiimeko ezinzima ngaphandle komngcipheko wesakhelo kunye nokuqhekeka kwezinto eziphambili.
- I-Ukraine yenye yezona bhayisekile zininzi kwaye zikhonzwa ngokungakhathali njengamashumi eminyaka. Ngapha koko, imodeli egcinwe lwalo mhla isaya ehamba, kwaye kuphela kwento abagqithisileyo abagqitywe kwaye imfuneko yokutshintsha i-sardle, engaqhelekanga.
- Ukuphakamisa okuphezulu kweemodeli zaseKharkov kwenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuthutha abakhweli abadala kwisiqu kunye nokuhamba kwempahla enzima.
Nangona kunjalo, ukongeza kwiimfanelo zaziyi "Ukraine" kunye neentsilelo zabo, eyona nto ibizwayo Ubunzima obukhulu ngaphezu kwe-17 kg. Kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukujikeleza indawo enqamlezileyo kunye nesanti kwaye yenza ukuba kubekho ukuhamba ixesha elide. Ukongeza, inkqubo yokutshintsha isantya ye "Ukraine" yayingekho, ngokudibeneyo nobunzima obukhulu, ukulawula okuninzi nangaphezulu. Le mitya ilandelayo yayingu Ukunqongophala kwamalungu ashiyekileyo, fumana okungenakwenzeka.
Abantu baya kwi "mpahla yemidlalo" ngethemba lokuzibamba ngengozi ukubamba amagumbi, amatayara, amaqhina eentonga okanye imigqomo ye-brake. Kwakhona, umtshato omncinci wahlangabezana, ngakumbi obuqhotyoshelwe kwimisonto yeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Iimodeli kunye neenkcazo zabo
Indawo yeKharkov Indawo yakhutshwa kwiimodeli zeUkraine, iimpawu ezineenkcukacha ezixutyushwa ngezantsi.
Ukutshintsha kokuqala kwe "Ukraine" yimodeli yamadoda B-120, ukukhutshwa kwayo kweyengo-1961-1968. Yahlulahlulwe ngesakhelo esongeziweyo, iifolokhwe ezomeleleyo kwaye womeleza iiracks. Le yokugqibela yayinomkhenkce oqingqiweyo, owawukhutshwayo ukwahlulahlula kuyilo kunye nokudityaniswa kwe-weldied. Umkhono wevili wangaphambili wawunomsebenzi we-ofisini enye eqinisekisa ukubambisa ibhola. Ngapha koko, Imodeli ye-B-120 ixhotywe nge-brake eyongezelelweyo ye-tick-ifana ne-tick i-Rim.
Ingqwalaselo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwi-sardle. Yayinentwasahlobo eyongezelelweyo yentwasahlobo kunye nesakhelo esibanzi, esibonelelweyo Ukuhla kwexabiso elifanelekileyo kwaye kwandise ukusebenza kwebhayisekile. Itrunk nayo yayinoyilo olongeziweyo, olunikezwe ngentsimbi yonke, ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwe-welding, yezindlu kunye neeracks ezinamandla. Ukukhwela kwaba nentsebenzo yentwasahlobo kunye nokulungisa ngokuthembekileyo umthwalo osekupheleni kwayo. Isondo elingasemva linokulungiswa kwindawo oyifunayo, ihlengahlengise uxinzelelo. Iingxowa zezixhobo zazinenqaba efanelekileyo kwaye zenziwa kuMyili wangoku ngelo xesha. Umzobo omuhle wawusenziwa kwisakhelo kunye neplagi engaphambili, ukuphucula kakhulu ukubonakala kwebhayisekile.
Isiseko sebhayisekile yayiyi-1175 mm, umgama ukusuka kwinqwelomoya ukuya kwindawo ephezulu yendawo yokuhlala yafikelela kwi-580 mm, kwaye i-intshi yevili ilingana ne-intshi ezingama-682 mm, ehambelana ne-intshi ezingama-28. Xa ujonga imilinganiselo emikhulu esebenzise ibhayisekile ikakhulu amadoda, ngelixa abafazi nabantwana bakwazile ukuzilawula babenengxaki. Ububanzi bamavili bafikelela kwi-4 cm, inani lamazinyo kwinkwenkwezi engaphambili yayiziqwenga ezingama-48, ngasemva - 19. Ubunzima be-B-120 bulingana ne-16,5 kg.
Imodeli yayigqitywe ngempompo, ukukhusela i-chain, entloko kunye ne-mini dynamo. Uninzi lweemodeli zapeyintwe kumnyama, nangona zombini iisampulu eziblowu kunye neesampulu eziluhlaza zidibene. Iinaliti zokuThubela zazihlala zisekwe kwithoni, ukuze amavili anezithethi ze-chrome bezinqabile.
Ibhayikhi "i-Ukraine" B-130 yakhululwa ngo-1966 kwaye yaba yimodeli ye-millio ye-10 ekhutshwe sisityalo (ngo-1979 ikopi yezigidi ezingama-20 yakhutshwa, yaye ngo-1991 yezigidi). Xa kuthelekiswa nemodeli yangaphambili, wayenamaphiko anzulu, iziseko zaqala ukuphoswa kwi-Aluminiyam Altis, ibhotile yonyawo kunye netrunki ibonakale ngaphezulu kwevili langaphambili. Iirim zenziwe ngentsimbi kwaye zazineprofayili ebiweyo. I-rim yangaphambili yayikho ngokuchasene ne-32 kwimodeli yangaphambili, ekhulisa kakhulu umthamo wayo wokuphakamisa.
Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, ukukhanya kwabona ngakumbi Inguqulelo egqibeleleyo yebhayisekile kwi-130 - kwi-130k, Apho i-STAYAY yabonakala ngathi ihambelana nekholamu yokuPhakamisa kunye noqwalaselo olutshintshiweyo olutshintshiweyo. Isakhelo semodeli ehlaziyiweyo sahonjiswa ngombhalo "Ukraine" kunye nephethini encinci emnandi. Ukukhutshwa kwenziwe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1976
Ibhayisekile "i-Ukraine" kwi-134 Waveliswa ukusuka ngo-1968 ukuya kuthi ga ngo-1975 kwaye wayenebhodi yeenyawo ezisongelayo, isiqu ngaphezulu kwevili langaphambili, ukukhusela ikhonkco kunye nokukhanya kwentloko. I-rim yangaphambili ibandakanya inaliti ezingama-32, kwaye iziseko ezenziwe ngentsimbi zazingafakwanga irabha. Imodeli yaveliswa kwimibala emnyama, ebomvu, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwaye amaphiko eemodeli ezimnyama ahonjiswe ngemigca emhlophe, kwaye iimodeli zeminye imibala zazimhlophe. Isiseko sebhayisekile yayiyi-1175 mm, ukuphakama kungama-560 kwaye i-580 mm, ubungakanani bamavili angaphambili nangasemva, ngokwahlukeneyo.
Ukususela ngo-1971, i-hooks yempompo yaqala ukwenziwa kwi-SID, kwaye ukusuka kunyaka wama-74, isiphatho sevili lokuqhuba sifumene umhlophe kwaye saqala ukupeyinta. Ubunzima be-B-134 yayili-17 kg, kwaye iindleko zayo ngo-1969 zafikelela kwi-ruble ezingama-51 koKopecks, nangona umvuzo ophakathi awuzange udlule kwi-ruble ephakathi.
Ukuqala ukusuka kunyaka wama-75, i-RUS iqalisa ukukhupha imodeli ephawuleka ngokumakisha: 111-413, 111-411 kunye ne-111-412. Iibhayisikile ezintsha zizuze njengelifa zonke izinto eziphambili zangaphambili kwaye zahlulahlulwe ziinguqu ezingabalulekanga kuyilo kunye nobukhosi be-rus, i-rub ye-rus ye-rus, endaweni yokubhaliweyo "I-Ukraine" okanye "Kharkov" kwindlu yeBugow.
Iimodeli ezintsha zaxhotyiswa ngempompo, umnxeba, ibhegi enesixhobo kunye nebhayisikile, kwaye ezinye iimodeli, i-DYMAM, i-DYAME, isiqu somthi. Ukusukela ngonyaka wama-80, ukukhanya kwabona ukulungiswa kwe-111-42, 111-422 kunye no-111-42, ukuba noyilo olwahlukileyo lwe-sardle, i-DOCOR engasasebenziyo kwaye iguqulwe kakhulu i-DOCOR kwaye iguqulwe kakhulu i-dror. Imodeli yokugqibela ye-raviet ye-rus yimodeli enesiseko esifutshane "kwi-Ukraine" 111-431.
Ngokubhekele phaya, ukubona ukubuyiselwa kokubuyiselwa kwebhayikhi ye-rikhi "iUkraine" kwi-130.