Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso zibonisa ukuhamba kwezinto ezingamanzi ezithunyelwe ngemibhobho kwitanki usebenzisa ukufakwa kwempompo. Ukuze izixhobo zempompo aziphazanyiswa, kufuneka umsebenzi oqeqeshiweyo oqeqeshiweyo, oya kuwubona le nkqubo kwaye, ukuba kukho imfuneko, ukuba akwazi ukuthintela imeko yexesha likaxakeka.
Iipeksi
Umatshini wokufaka impompo Uyingcali yomsebenzi wakhe onxulumene nokusebenza kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Kwinkqubo yomsebenzi wayo, kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo idatha yolawulo kunye nokulinganisa iziqalo kunye nezixhobo ukuze zigcine kwimo yokusebenza. Uninzi lwamaziko emizi-mveliso axhotyiswe ngokufakelwa kweempompo ezizenzekelayo, ukugcina ulondolozo ngomatshini Seka ulwazi nezakhono ngeenkqubo ezinjalo. Ngexesha likaxakeka likaxakeka, umqhubi kufuneka athabathe amanyathelo ngendlela ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ekufuneka iyeke ukubonelela ngezinto ezingamanzi. Nokuba yindlela yabo yokuhamba.
Ukufezekisa imisebenzi yabo yokusebenza, umqhubi wezinto ezifakelweyo Kufuneka uqonde iimpawu zoyilo lweempompo zokumpompa Ukuze ukwazi ukubona ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwaye, njengenxalenye yobuchule babo, bayiphelise, kwaye ukuba ayinakwenzeka, imisebenzi yengcali ibandakanya imeko kaxakeka malunga nolawulo oluphakathi. Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke nomsebenzi, umatshini uyafuneka Ukufundisa ngokwemigaqo yomsebenzi ekufakweni kwempompo kunye nokhuseleko . Rhoqo ngonyaka umyalelo wenziwa kwakhona. Ukuba, xa ujonge ulwazi, ingcali ayiyi kufezekisa iimfuno ezimiselweyo, ziya kususwa emsebenzini. Ngokwayo unokusebenza kuphela emva kokukhulisa inqanaba lobuchule bayo.
Ngaphandle kwengcaciso, ukunyamezelana kuthetha Uvavanyo lwezonyango - Umsebenzi udlulisa uviwo lwezonyango ngaphambi kokuba wamkele umsebenzi kwaye uqhubeke, ngonyaka, kwishedyuli elifakwe ngumqeshi.
Uvavanyo luqhutywa ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho lwezonyango ukwenza umsebenzi "wokufaka ufakelo lwempompo lwempompo", njengoko umsebenzi wabasebenzi onxulunyaniswa nokutshintsha, ingxolo eyomeleleyo kunye nomthwalo onzima kumalungu.
Uxanduva
Kwintsimi yaseRussia kukho incwadi enye yesalathiso, apho amaxabiso aboniswayo, kunye nemigangatho yobuqu lwaBasebenzi (i-ets), ngokutsho kweyona nto ikhethekileyo yomqhubi we-pumplations Iidigri zamabanga awo avela kwi-2 ukuya kwi-6 yokulahla . Kwisiseko se-ETK, ehlaziyiweyo minyaka le, onke amashishini kunye nemibutho, apho abasebenzi, apho basebenza khona abasebenzi, bahlaziyekile kunye neenkcazo zomsebenzi, ukubakhokelela ngokungqinelana nemilinganiselo yemithetho yangoku.
Ukusebenza kwezikhululo zokumpompa kwahlukile, kwaye kwenzeka njani, iimfuneko ezibi ngakumbi zenziwa kwiziqinisekiso zeengcali ezikhonzayo. Umvuzo womqeshwa buxhomekeke kwinqanaba lodidi. Isiqinisekiso esisezantsi esihlawulelweyo se-2. Ingcali enjalo ivunyelwe ukuba isebenze ekufakweni, ukutya ngokupheleleyo okungadluli kwi-1000 cu. / m3 ngeyure, kodwa ukuba sithetha ngegesi okanye iimveliso zeoyile, ke inqanaba lokutya livunyelwe ukuya kwi-100 leemitha. / m3.
Ukufakwa kwentsebenzo ephezulu ukusuka kwi-1000 ukuya kwi-3000 yeemitha. / m3 basebenzela oomatshini Iindidi ezi-3 . Ukusebenza kunye nevolumu yokutya ukusuka kwi-3000 ukuya kwi-10,000 yeemitha. / m3 kuya kufuna imfundo 4 Iindidi Kwaye ukondla ukusuka kwi-10,000 ukuya kwi-15,000 cu. / m3 umqhubi kufuneka abe nayo Icandelo 5. Isiqinisekiso 6 Iindidi Imvume yomsebenzi ekufakweni ngokutya ngaphezulu kwe-15,000 yeemitha. / m3 ngeyure.
Lilonke, umatshini womatshini wokumpompa kufuneka enze le misebenzi ilandelayo:
- Ukuphunyezwa kweendawo zemizi-mveliso, iindawo zokwakhiwa kwamanzi, iindawo zokwakha, nakwiimeko zentsimi zolondolozo lwezixhobo zokumpompa ngokupheliswa kokusilela nokungancedi kakuhle;
- ulawulo lomsebenzi wofakelo lwempompo lwempompo, kunye nokugcinwa kwabo;
- Ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yokugunyazisa kunye nokumisa;
- ulawulo lokugcina iiparamitha ezinikiweyo kwinkqubo yokupeyimba;
- Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kubude becandelo lesondolozo lwecandelo lombhobho;
- Ukulungiswa kunye nokugcinwa kofakelo lombane, ulawulo malunga nomthwalo wesixhobo sombane;
- Ukwenza i-accounting kunye nokunikwa kwengxelo ngokusebenza kwecandelo lokumpompa;
- Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimeko yangoku kunye nokugqwesa kufakelo lofakelo.
Ukuze usebenzise imisebenzi ezimeleyo, ingcali kufuneka ibe namava athile.
Ulwazi nezakhono
Ukusuka kwingcali ekunikezeleni izixhobo zokusebenzisa impompo akufumaneki kuphela kwezakhono ezisebenzayo, kodwa nolwazi lwethiyori. Umqhubi Kufuneka wazi iipropathi ze-phyds ze-phycco zemveliso eyokutyibilikiswa ngenkqubo, kunye nolwazi kwicandelo lomsebenzi wombane. Ukongeza, ukubonelela ngenkqubo kufuneka uqonde ioyile esetyenzisiweyo, yazi imigaqo-nkqubo yokusebenza kwempompo, injini, isixhobo sesixhobo sokulinganisa.Kuba imisebenzi yomqhubi ingena Ukulungiswa kunye nokugunyazisa izixhobo Kuya kufuneka abe nezakhono zokusebenzisana neempompo zoyilo olwahlukileyo, bazi izikimu zonxibelelwano, ukunciphisa umthwalo onokukwazi ukunyamezelana nezixhobo kunokukwazi ukuphelisa ngokukhawuleza ukuqhuma kwetekhnoloji yongxamiseko. Ukusebenza komqhubi kwisikhululo sempompo sifuna Ukuthobela amanyathelo okhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nokukhusela umlilo . Ukwazi kwaye ukwazi ukwenza amanyathelo angxamiseko kwimeko yeemeko eziyingozi ukuba ngumqeshwa ngamnye wofakelo. Ingcali enobuchule kwaye enamava kufuneka ibe nendawo eyindawo yokugcina izinto: Ukuchaneka kweenkcukacha, ukuchaneka, inqanaba eliphezulu loxanduva kunye noqeqesho.
Uxanduva
Umsebenzi wofakelo lomphunga emsebenzini wakhe kufuneka akhokelwe nguxwebhu lwasekhaya obizelweyo "Ingcaciso yomsebenzi" apho imisebenzi yakhe yenziwe ngokucacileyo. Ukuba le misebenzi ayisebenzi okanye isebenza ngendlela engafanelekanga, kunye nokuphulwa kwengqeqeshi yoqeqesho, ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nezokhuseleko lomlilo kunye nomsebenzi onoxanduva lomthetho ngokuhambelana nemithetho yezabasebenzi. Xa ufaka umonakalo wezinto eziphathekayo okanye obangela umonakalo kudumo lweshishini owenza umsebenzi wakhe, Umatshini otywala umpu unokubohlwaywa ngokwasesikhokelo semilinganiselo yomsebenzi, yolawulo, yoluntu okanye yolwaphulo-mthetho.
Imfundo
Ukusebenza kunye nomqhubi owodwa wokufakelwa kokufakwa kwempompo, kubalulekile ukuba ube nemfundo yesibini yobugcisa. Ungayifumana ngeendlela ezi-2.
- Emva kokuphumelela kwiiklasi ezili-9 okanye ezili-11 Bhalisa kwikholeji okanye kwi-tricicical kunye ne-bias yezobuchwephesha, apho baqeqeshwa khona kwimfundo efanelekileyo. Ikota yesifundo iya kuba yiminyaka emi-2 emva kweminyaka yokuphumelela kunye neminyaka emi-4 emva kokugqiba amabakala esikolo ali-9.
- Ukuba Imfundo eSisiseko yoBugcisa , Unokufumana ulwazi olongezelelekileyo kwizifundo ezizodwa kumaziko aqinisekisiweyo ukufundisa. Ikota yokufunda kumaziko oqeqesho anjengo-avareji ngunyaka omnye. Kuyenzeka ukuba eli xesha lingaphantsi - lixhomekeke kubungakanani benkqubo yekhosi kunye neewotshi zokufunda ezabelwe.
Uqeqesho lunokulungiselelwe ziingcali ukuze kuphuculwe inqanaba lemfundo kwaye unyuse ukukhutshwa. Ngoomatshini bokufakwa kwempompo kwinkqubo yemisebenzi yeSebe, imfuneko yokwandisa iziqinisekiso zayo ngexesha lexesha leminyaka eli-5. Inkqubo yokufunda isenokuba nexesha elizeleyo, ngaphakathi okanye ingekhoyo, xa kusenziwa iindlela ze-elektroniki kwinkqubo yemfundo ekude. Emva kokugqiba ikhosi yoqeqesho, umphulaphuli unika isatifikethi sokufumana umsebenzi womqhubi weenkqubo zokumpompa kunye nokufakelwa ngokukhutshelwa okufanelekileyo.
Olu xwebhu ngokwesiseko somthetho weRussia Federation kwimfundo Nombolo 273 (Inqaku lama-60, isiqendu 11, isiqendu 11) linika ilungelo lokuzilolonga imisebenzi yobungcali.
Isebenza phi?
Ingcali yokusebenzela i-pumps yetekhnoloji kunye neengcingo, kunye nezikhululo zokumpompa, zinokufunwa kwezi ndawo zilandelayo zoqoqosho nezomzi-mveliso:
- Ezolimo;
- Ishishini legesi kunye neoyile;
- Ukutya kwamanzi okusasazwa;
- iindawo zokwakha;
- ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kweendlela zokutshelwa kwamanzi, ii-boilers, imibhobho, iinkqubo zokufudumeza, iSteam iZinto, i-Deaerator;
- ukuqhubekeka kunye namashishini emgodi;
- Imveliso yokuhambisa intlanganiso igqibile iimveliso.
Umvuzo weNgcali uxhomekeke Ukusuka kwinqanaba lemveliso, izakhono zengcali kunye nevolumu yemveliso yeyunithi yempompo. Rhoqo izikhululo zokumpompozela zihlala zikwiindawo ezichaseneyo zemozulu, umzekelo, entla kakhulu. Kule meko, umqeshwa ufumana umvuzo kunye nezibonelelo ezithile.
Amaxabiso amancinci afumana umvuzo ukusuka kwi-30 ukuya kwi-35,000 ruble. Iingcali zemfundo ezifanelekileyo zifumana i-40 ukuya kwi-60,000 ruble. Ubuninzi bemivuzo evela kwiingcali ezinamava inokufikelela kwi-60 ukuya kwi-100,000 ruble.
