Sebenza kuloliwe ngalo lonke ixesha wathathwa njengento enokwenzeka. Abasebenzi bakaloliwe banesibhedlele sabo, i-sanariums, abakhulisa izindlu zenkcubeko, izindlu zenkcubeko, iiklabhu zezemidlalo kunye nezinye iindawo zezentlalo, kwaye ke zona abantu abancinci bangathanda ukusebenza kweli shishini loqoqosho lweSizwe. Phakathi kwenani elikhulu leendawo zonqulo zikaloliwe, uninzi lwazo lukhetha umncedisi oncedisayo.
Inkcazo yomsebenzi
Umqhubi oncedisayo ubizwa Ingcali ephantsi komqhubi we-dielielive okanye i-locomotive yombane okanye esenza imisebenzi encedisayo ngokubhekisele kulondolozo lwe-locomotive. Imbali yomsebenzi ihamba kwiingcambu zayo embindini weXabir yenkulungwane ye-Xix - ixesha lokuvela kwe-locomotives ye-steam, xa abantu abaliqela babebandakanyeka kwinkonzo yabo: umqhubi kunye neperikhi.
Ngokuqala kokufumana i-Diesel Locomotives, i-brigade ihlile kubantu ababini - umqhubi ulawula i-locomotive, kwaye i-dielical ilawula ukusebenza kofakelo lwe-dieli. I-Brigadees ye-Locomoting yanamhlanje ibandakanya umqhubi kunye nomncedisi wakhe ofanelekileyo ekutshintsheni umcebisi wabo nangaliphi na ixesha kwaye alawule ngombane ezandleni.
Ngenxa yoko, umncedisi womqhubi akanguye kuphela ingcali ethatha isigqibo semicimbi yezobuchwephesha, kodwa ikwangumqhubi opheleleyo womqhubi.
Imfuno ephezulu yolu kheko kumaziko emfundo akhethekileyo ibangelwa lininzi leenzuzo ezingenakuphikiswa kolu msebenzi unzima noxanduva.
- Oololiwe basahlala belona hlobo lukhulu lwezothutho neluthandwayo, Ke, ibango labancedi bomqhubi liphezulu kakhulu. Umntu ofumene oku khethekileyo kuqinisekisiwe ukuba uqeshiwe naphi na kwilizwe apho kukho umyalezo kaloliwe, owenza umsebenzi odume kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abancinci.
- Umsebenzi womncedisi womqhubi uthathwa njengohlawulwa kakhulu , kwaye kwanezolo zidlwengulo ezigcinwe kwi-16 ukuya kwi-15 lamawaka e-ruble, kuxhomekeka kwindawo yokuhlala, umsebenzi othile kunye nobukho bamantla obunye.
- Ubukho bokukhula komsebenzi kukongeza ukuthandwa komsebenzi. Emva kweminyaka eliqela yomsebenzi ongenankathalo, umncedisi unokuthunyelwa lishishini kwizifundo zoomatshini we-lecomotives zombane, ekupheleni kwayo unokuqalisa ukusebenza kwesampulu efumiselweyo, enoxanduva ngakumbi ihlawulwe ngokukodwa. Ngaphezu koko, umncedisi womqhubi anokwamkelwa kwidipoti ye-locomotive ukuya kwisithuba senkosi okanye intloko yendawo.
- Ulawulo lwabiwo mali lonyango kunye nendinyana yonyaka yeKhomishini yoNyango Vumela ukugcina umkhondo wempilo yabo kwaye ungaphoswa sisiqalo sokugula kakhulu. Ingakumbi ukusukela kusasazo, uphononongo kunye nonyango lwabasebenzi bakaloliwe lwenziwa ngokukhululekileyo kwaye kwizibonelelo zonyango ezixhotyisiweyo zenkonzo yoololiwe.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kweenzuzo ezibonakalayo zalo msebenzi, kusekho iintsilelo. Oku kubandakanya iimeko ezinzima zomsebenzi, ngenxa yomsebenzi kwindawo evaliweyo eneziphumo eziqhubekayo zengxolo, inyikima, intsimi enamandla ye-elektromagnetic kunye nothuli lwendlela. Asimele silibale ngomngcipheko weengozi kunye neentlekele, ezithi, nangona zinqabile kakhulu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zikhokelela kwimvakalelo engapheliyo yoxinzelelo kwaye inoloyiko uxinzelelo.
Ukongeza, imisebenzi iphakamisayo Ishedyuli yokutshintsha ihambo rhoqo ebusuku Kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukunqongophala rhoqo kwendlu, okunokuchaphazela kakubi ubudlelwane kusapho.
Ke ngoko, xa ikhethiwe le ngqoko ikhethiweyo, kunyanzelekile ukuba isebenzise ngononophelo konke 'ukuba "kwaye" nxamnye ", ayisinikezeli kuphela ubuchule bobuqhetseba.
Uxanduva
Isangqa seMisebenzi yeNgcali Ilawulwa yinkcazo yomsebenzi kwaye ithatha ukuba zombini izinto ezenziwayo kunye nomzimba. . Owona msebenzi uphambili welungu le-Brigade Drigade ekukhonzeni umthwalo kunye nengoma yokuhamba ithathelwa ingqalelo apha ngezantsi, kuba uloliwe weMetro kunye noololiwe beMetro bahlala benziwa ngumqhubi onamava ngaphandle kobukho bomncedisi.Ngaphambi kohambo
Umncedisi oncedisayo Ityala lokufumana i-ElektroVEZA (Locomotive) ngaphambi kokuba uhambe kwaye uvavanye imeko yayo yezobuchwephesha. Okokuqala, ingcali kufuneka inyange Qhelane nongeniso lwephephancwadi le-Onbork, Apho iimpazamo ezichazwe kwi-locomotive kwaye ziqwalasele ukuba ziyapheliswa. Ingqwalaselo ekhethekileyo iyafuneka ukuba inikezwe amavili amavili, ukuzijonga ngokungabikho kweetshipsi, izilayidi, imilambo ebize, kunye nemigca kunye nemithombo kunye nemithombo. Ingqwalaselo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwimeko yebhokisi yebhokisi yebhokisi: Jonga ukuqina kweebhanti, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-tobricant ivela kwaye, ukuvelisa ukuthambisa kwemihlathi ye-Beam.
Umncedisi unyanzelekile ukuba ahlole izixhobo ze-Brake , Ukusebenza kokulawula kunye nokulinganisa kunye nokulinganisa, imiqondiso efanelekileyo kunye nokukhanya, kunye nobukho bempahla yoMlilo. Ukongeza, ingcali kufuneka Qinisekisa ukuba ubukho bezinto zexabiso kunye nezixhobo zeWoodof, kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokulungisa. Xa iphazamisa i-locomotive okanye ukungabikho kwe-inventri oyifunayo, umncedisi unyanzelekile ukuba azise kwangoko umatshini kwaye enze ungeniso olufanelekileyo kwincwadi yelogbook.
Ngapha koko, umncedisi unyanzelekile ukuba akhangele ukuchaneka kwe-clutch ye-Locomotive ngeemoto kunye nomgangatho wonxibelelwano kunye nendawo yokuhambisa kunye noomatshini bolunye uloliwe.
Ngexesha lohambo
Ngexesha lokuhamba kwe-locomotive yombane (Locomotive), umncedisi womqhubi kufuneka ngokucacileyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza yenza imiyalelo yomqhubi, Kwaye uphindaphinde isantya esivunyelweyo kweli candelo, ufundwe kwimiqondiso ye-semashore, isikhundla somlawuli kunye nengcinezelo yomoya kumabhuleki. Ukongeza, umncedisi kufuneka Khumbuza umqhubi malunga nendlela yeesampulu ezifakiweyo zeemoto zemoto ezizenzekelayo, kwaye ngelahleko ngequbuliso yomthamo wokusebenza ngumqhubi-thatha uloliwe.
Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ingcali inyanzelekile Xela ngokukhawuleza malunga nomsebenzi osondelayo kunye nomsebenzi kwisitishi kwaye uthathe onke amanyathelo ekunikezelweni ngokukhuselekileyo kokubekwa kwesitishi , Ukuphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo yokuxoxisana esekelwe. Ingcali inyanzelekile ukuba ibeke esweni umsebenzi wesandi kunye neempawu zokukhanya, ukubonelela ngonxibelelwano oluzinzileyo lwerediyo kunye nendawo yokuhambisa kunye nokubeka iliso kuguquko ngononophelo ekufundwe kunye nezinzwa, zibambelele kumatshini. Uxanduva oluNcedisayo lubandakanya ukwazisa umqhubi malunga nesantya esiphezulu kwicandelo elithile lendlela kunye nomyalezo okhawulezayo malunga ne-locomotive.
Emva kohambo
Ukufika kwakhe kwisikhululo, apho i-locomotive brigade ibonakalisiwe nokuba ngumqhubi oncedisayo Kunyanzelekile ukuba iphumelele i-locomotive. Kuya kufuneka enze amanqaku ayimfuneko kwincwadi yelogi kwaye abhale phantsi amagqabantshintshi ngomsebenzi wezixhobo. Okulandelayo, ingcali kufuneka isuse igumbi le-cab, vala imifuno, iiwindows kunye nomnyango.
Ukongeza, umncedisi womqhubi unyanzelekile ukuba azi ifowuni ye-locomotive yombane (ukutya), ukuze akwazi ukulungisa isahlulo sayo ngexesha lohambo, kwaye kufuneka aqhelane nezixhobo zokhuseleko kunye nokucima umlilo.
Ingcali kufuneka ilandele ukuthintelwa kwentshukumo eguqukayo yokuqulunqa, yazi iindleko zokusetyenziswa kombane kunye ne-dielise ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba, zithintela ukongeza kwabo ukonga.
Iimpawu zobuqu kunye nezakhono eziyimfuneko
UMNYANGO WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA Ibhekisa kubugcisa obunzima obunzima kwaye ifuna umntu opheleleyo semigca yeempawu zobuqu kunye nezakhono ezizodwa . Ke, umfana ofuna ukuba ngumqhubi oncedisayo kufuneka aqeqeshelwe kwaye anoxanduva, aqwalasele kakuhle, ukuba alumke, alumkise, axhaseke, abe nenkumbulo emnandi ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Ukulungelelaniswa okuphezulu kweentshukumo, amehlo amnandi, umbono we-Abute kunye nokuva, indawo yokugcina ingqondo yamkelekile. Ukongeza, umgqatswa kufuneka abe nempendulo yombane kunye nempilo entle.
Imfundo
Susa umncedisi womqhubi E-Dzazu, iSebe loRhwebi-iSikolo soBugcisa, iSikolo okanye kwiKholeji yokuxhaphaza ubuchwephesha boololiwe besitokhwe sikaloliwe "okanye" oNcedisist ". Lo msebenzi awuthethi nkqu nezifundo eyunivesithi, kwaye ke kunokwenzeka ukuba ungene ekhethekileyo emva kweBanga le-11 nasemva kwe-9. Ngenxa yemfuno ephezulu, ukhuphiswano lweli tyheli lukhulu kakhulu. Abafaki-zicelo bafuna ulwazi oluhle ngezixhobo ezinjenge-Informatics, i-physics kunye nemathematics.
Izinto ezininzi ezirhabaxa zisebenza nge-odolo ye-Locomotive depot kunye nezinye iiyunithi zoololiwe. Ke ngoko, ngaphandle kokhuphiswano oluphakamileyo, amathuba okwenyani okungena kohlahlo-lwabiwo mali sele ekhona. Yale yimfuneko Isibheno esikhethekileyo esivela kumbutho kaloliwe, apho izezi-canelelwe ngexesha elizayo ziya kunyanzeleka ukuba zisebenze ekupheleni kokufunda. Ukungena kuvavanywa ngokungqongqo kuvavanyo olungqongqo oluvavanya ubomi beshelup imeko yempilo yomenzi-sicelo ukuba isebenze kuloliwe.
Ngokunxulumene naba bantu abanengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwe-neuropsychitric, izifo ezingapheliyo zephecana le-gestrointenal, isifo sephepha, izifo zentliziyo, kunye nokuva, ukuva, i-miltotosm kunye nobusuku, kufuneka zibandakanywe kwezinye izinto ezizodwa.
Umvuzo
Imivuzo yabancedisi boomatshini baseMachines Raildays ngokuxhomekeke kwingingqi, amava kunye neenkcukacha zomsebenzi. Ke ngoko, iingcali ezisebenza kwiTrago-abakhweli bezithuthi zifumana okungaphezulu nje kokuba ngabancedisi boololiwe baseMouth. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba umncedisi unyamezele i-Diesel Locomotive (i-locomotives yombane), emva koko unokulindela ipremiyamu kwi-10% kwixabiso lerhafu ye-voltage. Umsebenzi weholide, ukunyuka nge-2.2%, ukusebenza ebusuku - iipesenti ezingama-40, zomsebenzi, kwimibandela ye-30%. Kukwakhona izibonelelo zenkonzo ende, eguquguqukayo ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-30%.
Isabelo esibonakalayo kumvuzo wengcali iwela kwiiprimiyamu . Ke, umncedisi oncedisayo wabakhweli abakhweli bafumana i-20% ye-idspositions ngokwenkqubo, kwaye umqeshwa esenza icebo lenyanga kwi-Locomied Read kwi-15% kumvuzo. Ngokomyinge, abancedisi bomqhubi onamava afumana i-ruble ye-ruble ezingama-22,000 (kwingingqi ye-Kostroma) ukuya kwi-55,000 ye-rubdlovsk (ingingqi ye-sverdlovsk kunye ne-ekaterini). Ukuthelekisa, eUnited States, umvuzo wengcali enjalo eguqulelwe kwi-Russia yi-30-160 amawaka, kwi-Kazakhstan - i-Talakhstan - i-TALARE.
