Ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo kubantwana akufumaneki rhoqo. Ihlala yenzeka njengendlela yokuphendula yethutyana yengqondo yabantwana kwimeko engathandekiyo kwaye yindawo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunceda umntwana ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Uxinzelelo lwaqala ukufikisa kunokuya kwifom enganyangekiyo.
Oonobangela
Abantwana abasempilweni ngenxa yesixhobo se-psyche yabantwana kunye nenkqubo ye-nevarus zihlala zinomdla wokubonakalisa ukuphazamiseka okuchaphazelekayo. Uninzi lwabantu abasebantwana kude kube liminyaka emithathu, uxinzelelo luyeyona nto. Inokunxulunyaniswa nokohlulwa kwenkqubo ye-nervous system. Imeko yoxinzelelo kwi-Kid ilandela usulelo lwe-intrauterine, iHypoxia esenzakalisayo kwinkqubo yokuzalwa komntwana. Izifo ezosulelayo zohlobo lwe-meningitis zinokuchaphazela umsebenzi wobuchopho bomntwana. Ukunqongophala kweoksijini kumjikelezo we-cereyral ngokujikeleza kukhokelela ekudakeni kwe-cerebral.
Iintsana zangaphambi kwexesha, izints, abantwana abaneziphene zengqeqesho yengqele kunye ne-onomalies ye-CNS, kunye nokungothusa kunye nobuntu obuthathaka bubonakaliswa kwimeko yoxinzelelo. Isiseko soxinzelelo lwabantwana sihlala sinemvakalelo yeemvakalelo.
Ekwindla kwaye ubusika kwimo yezengqondo yabantwana, ukunqongophala kwelanga kubonakalisiwe.
Kwisiqingatha esisiqingatha seminyaka ukuya kwiminyaka enye enesiqingatha, iintsana, ezivuthuza nomama, ziyakhwankqisa, ziyayeka ukutya, zikhala. Ukuphazamiseka okusebenzayo kuvela kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwengama-3 ubudala, akunakulungela ukutyelela i-kindergarten ngenxa yokwahlula-hlulwa kusapho. Umntwana ufumana ukuphelelwa lithemba kunye nokulangazelela.
Abanye bobuntwana baneentloko, ukubandezeleka ngenxa ye-allergies kunye nezifo zephecana le-gestrointeltenal, i-thyroid gland okanye ukwenzakala kwengqondo. Nasiphi na isifo sinokubangela uxinzelelo. Imvakalelo yokungabi namandla phambi kwemiqobo engathandekiyo, ukuwa kwezinto zokukhohlisa kunye neenjongo kukwanegalelo ekubonakalisweni kokugula. Unobangela woxinzelelo lwabantwana bunokuba yindlalifa.
Kwabantwana baseBhateni, ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo kunokwenzeka ngenxa yolawulo lwabazali abaninzi, ukugcinwa ngokugqithisileyo okanye ngenxa yokubonakaliswa kwesimo sengqondo somntwana. Ukuba umzali oPrenerCrioler akakhange aqwalaselwe ngabazali kwiminyaka emi-5-6, uphulukana nomdla kwiziganeko ezenzeka kwaye uqukuqela ukuba uxinezelekile.
Ngamanye amaxesha umntwana womntwana akanakuba nolwalamano oluqhelekileyo noontanga okanye utitshala, ngoko ke bahlala kuxinzelelo olungapheliyo. Kwiminyaka eli-10 ubudala, ubuntu obudabukisayo bunokufumana amaphupha amabi, uloyiko olungapheliyo, iingxaki ezifundwe. Ukuzalwa komzalwana okanye udade ngamanye amaxesha ngamanye amaxesha kuvuselela ikhwele labantwana.
Isizathu sokubonakala koxinzelelo sinokuba zizikrelemnqa, ubundlobongela basekhaya, ubundlongondlongo bothando, imeko yengqondo enkulu. Indlu yomntwana ayinakuziva ikhuselekile. Ukohlwaywa kwezinto ngexesha lolwazi lwehlabathi kuchaphazela kakubi i-psycher umntwana. Ivala kwaye ingena ngokupheleleyo kwiimvakalelo zakhe.
Bamdala malunga neminyaka eli-11 ukuya kweli-12, abantwana bayajoyina i-publ. Uhlengahlengiso lweHormonal loMzimba lukhokelela kwishumi elivisayo ukuya kwinqanaba lokuhlala. Inkwenkwe inesifo sezinto zokuhlala ebusuku, intombazana kufuneka ihambe kunye nomjikelo wokuya esikhathini.
I-inlimotity yehomoni ikhokelela ulutsha oluninzi kubukrwada.
Imfihlakalo kunye nobuntwana bakhe abakwishumi elivisayo bafumana ithuba lokuphumla kwexesha lokudakumba. Uxinzelelo lunokuphelisa ukuzibulala.
Imiqondiso
Abantwana kunzima ukuvavanya iimvakalelo zabo, ukuze bangaziqondi, ngakumbi badlulisela imeko yabo yengqondo kubazali. Abazali abanomdla bahlala beqaphela iimpawu ezifihlakeleyo. Ixhala elonyukayo, i-tigging yemvakalelo, ukuncipha komzimba kunye nokuhamba, i-gait ye-Gait, i-Gait Syggish, i-Sloggish Gations elungelelanisiweyo imiqondiso yomzimba, malunga nokudakumba okuvela. Rhoqo imeko yoxinzelelo yomntwana ihamba kunye nexhala kunye nokungabi nakoyika. Intombazana enoxinzelelo iyayeka ukuba nomdla kwinkangeleko yakhe, jikeleza esipilini. Unokujonga i-sloppy.
Kubantwana, iminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweli-18 ilahlekile amandla okufumana iindidi zakhe ezithandwayo, umculo, iimpahla ezintsha, izipho, izidlo, uqikelelo olufanelekileyo. Abaphefumlelwa ziintlanganiso nabahlobo kunye nezihlobo ezisondeleyo. Umntu okwishumi elivisayo akahambi ngokuhamba, anyuka ade afundela, ayathintela ukubandakanyeka kwiziganeko zoluntu nezintsapho. Kunzima ukuthanda into.
Abazali kufuneka bahlawule ingqalelo enkulu kubuntwana bakhe obutsha kubantwana babo ukuthintela ukudakumba. Umntwana ngamnye ngumntu ngamnye. Kwiminyaka emi-3 ubudala, umntwana uyakhula kakhulu, utshintsho lwakhe lwengqondo luguqukayo. Iqala ukubona izinto ngokwahlukileyo, kuba ibonisa kakhulu kwaye ifumana iipropathi ezintsha zezinto ezahlukeneyo.
Ukwandiswa kweMimandla yoNxibelelwano kufaka isandla ekuphumezeni izakhono zokuthetha kunye nophuhliso lwenkululeko. Ngeli xesha abazali abafanele batyeshele naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha kunye nemikhwa yabantwana, njengoko benokuthi babonakalise ukuphuculwa koxinzelelo lwabantwana.
Abantwana abaneminyaka emithathu baqonda ukuba imeko yoxinzelelo ngoncedo lweempawu eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo zesifuba.
Ivaliwe
Umntwana akafuni kunxibelelana nabantu abajikelezileyo. Uthetha kancinci, ubasuse abazali bakhe ngelixa bezama ukuthetha naye. Nasiphi na isenzo somntwana sinikwe. Uhlala evakalisa uqhankqalazo xa abantu abadala bezabalazela ukuthatha into kwi-crm. Umntwana uhlala unengxaki okanye ukubandakanyeka kwitoyy entsha, ipipi, itshokholethi. Uninzi lwexesha umntwana uchitha wedwa, efihla kwindawo epholileyo.Ukungabikho komdla
Umntwana uyala ukutya. Akanamdla nakwizitya ezithandwayo. Yenza umntwana akutyiwe okanye asele akanakwenzeka - uqala ukukhala. Kwangelo xesha, i-crumb ayiziva indlala kwaye inxaniwe.
Ukuphazamiseka kokulala
Ukususela ngokuhlwa umntwana awunakulala ixesha elide. Ngenxa yoko, i-Insomnia ekuseni ivuka emva kwexesha. Kwinkqubo yokulala, ukujija kunye nokuntywila kuyaqwalaselwa. Ngexesha lokulala, umntwana uhlala encwina. I-crook ibonakaliswa ngokugcoba, kodwa hayi iplastiki. Ezi nkcukacha kufuneka zinike ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.Uloyiko
Ukoyika ubumnyama, isizungu, ukusweleka kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-3 kuhlala kungabonakali. Ukubonakala kweempawu ezinjalo zecumbs kufuneka zilumkise abazali, njengoko zisayina uxinzelelo lokuqala.
Ukuhlaselwa kobukrwada
Isimo sengqondo sokukhathalela kunye nenkohlakalo kwizilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya zihlala zingumqondiso wokubonakaliswa kwesifo soxinzelelo. Umntwana onomsindo ubangela ukwenzakalisa iithoyi, ukohlwaya, uzama ukubangela iintlungu ezicinga.
Ukwahlulahlula
Kwiziphatho zengqondo zanamhlanje, ukubaluleka kokudala ukuhlelwa koxinzelelo lwabantwana kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngelixa kufuneka usebenzise iikhrayitheriya ezenzelwe abantu abadala. Iingcali zijongiwe kwi-2indorissies ezi-2: I-MKB-10 ne-DSM-III-R.
Kwi-ICD-10, i-cipher eyongezelelweyo ye-F-93 isetyenziselwa ukunyula ukophulwa ngokweemvakalelo ebantwaneni. Kwimephu yekhadi labantu abadala, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane i-ciphers ebonisa ukuba ukuphazamiseka okunzima kwisigulana kuyaqwalaselwa kwasebuntwaneni. Ke ngoko, iimeko zoxinzelelo ziphawulwe yi-cipher F-31, kunye ne-divimia - F-34.
Olu shicilelo lurekhoda iPhobias ezahlukeneyo ebantwaneni, uloyiko olungenampilo, imbambano engalunganga ekuzalweni komzalwana okanye ekuzalweni komzalwana, impikiswano yoodade, ukuphazamiseka kwabantu kunye nengxaki yokuxhalaba enxulumene nokwahlukana. Ukwahlulahlulwa kubandakanya abanye (abantwana abaziimpawu) Ukophulwa ngokweemvakalelo, kubandakanya ne-Entioloss eguqulelwe kwangaphambili.
I-DSM-III-R Ukuhlelwa akuthethi ukuba usasazwe lwemeko yoxinzelelo. Zonke iikhrayitheriya ezifanayo zisetyenziselwa konke.
- Ngokwenqanaba lokubonakaliswa, babelane ngokukhanya, ophakathi kunye nokulukhuni.
- Iifom ezilula zibandakanya i-melancholic, eyoyikisayo, uhlobo lwe-adam kunye nokungakhathali kwengxaki yokudakumba. I-IPOCHOHANTARY I-IPOCHODRAN NOXANDUVA LESIQINISEKISO NOKUXELWA KWEXESHA LOKUGQIBELA LWEZIFUNDO.
- Abantwana abaxineneyo be-Endogenous baqulunqwa ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yezifo ezibonakalayo, kwaye abantwana besikolo kunye nabantu abadala banokubangelwa kukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. I-Exoxinous States inxulumene nezinto zangaphandle.
Unganceda njani?
Abazali abangenayo imfundo ekhethekileyo abayi kuba nakho ukuzimela ngokuzimela bazisa umntwana kuxinzelelo. Uncedo lomnyango, i-neurologist, ugqirha wengqondo okanye ugqirha wengqondo uyimfuneko. Ingcali iya kuxelela abazali ukuba benze ntoni kwimeko yangoku. Iya kuhlala indlela yokubuyisela kwinqanaba lengqondo nemvakalelo yomntwana. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, unyango lweshishini luya kuqeshwa.
Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukubona lonke uloyiko lwabantwana. Emva koko kuya kufuneka wenze umntwana oyikeleleki kwaye ulahle umoya. Intsapho ifanele ibe nemozulu ethandekayo neqinisekileyo. Kuyimfuneko ukuphelisa zonke iingxaki zosapho. Umntwana ubalulekile ukuba azive ukubaluleka kwayo.
Ukwenza umfanekiso womntu ophambili kusapho kuyafuneka ngononophelo, ukulingana nombono wexabiso lomntu wabantwana, musa ukulala.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukumisela indlela efanelekileyo yosuku. Kufanelekile ukwahlula ixesha lemidlalo kunye nokuzonwabisa, ukulala kunye nokuvuka. Abazali kufuneka banike umntwana ngesondlo esipheleleyo. Imo elungeleleneyo ibandakanya ukubandakanywa kuzo zonke iivithamini ezifanelekileyo kunye nokulandelela izinto ekutyeni komntwana. Isondlo esifanelekileyo sinegalelo ekuphakamiseni ithoni yobomi.
Nawuphi na umntwana ukufuna kakhulu ukuthanda kukamama notata kunye nothando. Indoda encinci ifuna ukuba umzali hugs kunye nokuqhawula. Iingxabano zosapho kunye nokungavisisani koMama notata zichaphazela kakubi i-psyche yosana. Uziva enesibindi. Xa wayeshiya usapho, omnye wabazali baseRhom uqokelelwa yimvakalelo yokuba lilolo.
Umntwana kufuneka asoloko echaza unobangela wezehlo. Thetha rhoqo nabantwana bakho. Iingxoxo kunye nazo zinegalelo ekufumaneni izakhono zokuchaza eyabo amagama.
Unyango loxinzelelo lwabantwana luhambelana ngqo nokupheliswa koloyiko lwabantwana kunye nokucinga okungafanelekanga. Buyisela inkxaso yomntwana yengqondo. Bonakalisa ingqalelo kunye novelwano. Ukugcina imvelaphi yemvakalelo enqwenelekayo, iimpembelelo ezintsha kufuneka zongeze rhoqo emntwaneni. Ukuphazamiseka kude kumava acela ikhaya, eqhubeka nokhenketho okanye ekuhambeni kwendalo.
Unyango lonyango kunye nokuqubha kuncedwe kakuhle kumlo wokulwa uxinzelelo lwabantwana. Bhala umntwana kwicandelo lezemidlalo okanye umdaniso. Musa ukuyibeka phezu kwayo ngeyona phangana, ukunciphisa iimfuno zemfuneko ukuze kuthintelwe ukusebenza nzima. Ukongeza, iingcali zincomela ukwenza umthambo womntwana.
Umzobo odibeneyo wepeyinti okanye iingubo ezivalekileyo zikhokelela ekunciphiseni kwesalm somntwana. Ukuphuma kuxinzelelo, i-crumb inokunceda ngoncedo lweengoma zoomama, iintsomi ezintle kunye nemibongo emihle yemifanekiso. Fumana eyakho into yokudlala enokunxiba. Iya kuvumela umntwana ukuba azive eqinisekile kwiimeko ezixhokonxa uloyiko lwabantwana.
