Cinga, cinga, ukwazi, kwi-US ngamnye kuthi, ubume bebubuninzi obu bubuchule obumangalisayo. Ukusukela oko ingqondo yomntu ivela ekukhanyeni iqala ukufundela ulwazi oluvela kwihlabathi langaphandle, inkqubo enobunzima kunye ne-on ezininzi yokucinga ikhutshiwe. Yintoni Ecingayo? Uhlobo lwayo kunye neempawu zabo ziya kuqwalasela kweli nqaku.
Ingcinga ngokubanzi
Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, abantu baye bazama ukuqonda ukuba luhlobo luni lokucinga, njengoko luvela khona, njengoko lisebenza, indlela le ndlela yokuma kwengqondo. Izazinzulu, intanda-bulumko yazama ukutyhila iimfihlo zokwazi komntu kunye nokuphonononga lo mbandela ungabonakaliyo. Uninzi lweendlela ezininzi, iincwadi, imisebenzi yesayensi kunye namanqaku abhalwe kwesi sihloko. Amandla engqondo emntwini ayefundelwa kwaye afundwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku uqeqesho oluqhelekileyo lwenzululwazi, kodwa hlala kude kube sekupheleni kwento engaziwayo . Ewe kunjalo, asikwazi ukwenza ummangaliso kwaye siveze njengento enjalo yengqondo yomntu. Kodwa jonga kule nto isuka kwimbono yesayensi yengqondo kwaye uzame ukuqonda iintlobo ezininzi zokucinga kunye neempawu zazo.
Kwi-Psychology Kukho iinkcazo ezininzi zokucinga. Iingxoxo malunga nalo mbandela zikhunjulwe. Akukho sidingo sokunika yonke imizekelo kwaye sibekile ngamnye kubo ngokweenkcukacha.
Eyona nto iphambili kukuba ingqondo sisipho esikhethekileyo esisiphoso kuphela emntwini, le yinkqubo yengqondo evumela ukuba sazi umhlaba ojikeleze kuthi. Ingqondo ifunda ulwazi ngaphandle, luhlalutya, lwenza isigqibo esithile, ngenxa yabo, umntu wenza isenzo.
Ekuqaleni kobomi bomntu, inkqubo yokuqonda ibonakala ilula kwaye yakudala, kodwa njengokukhula kokuqala kwaye ikhula ngakumbi ibe nzima ngakumbi. Ulwazi oluqokelelwe ngokuhamba kwexesha lwenza ukuba luqale ukwahlula kwaye lube nesishwankathelo, yikhulule kwaye luyilo, uyilo kwaye wenze , yenza uluhlu olungenasiphelo lokwahluka kunye nokudityaniswa kwento eyenzekayo ehlabathini. Kodwa isiseko sazo zonke ezi zenzelo lithuba lokucinga le ndoda. Kwaye kwi-Psychology kukho ingcinga enjalo njengento etyhafisayo yokucinga, apho yahlulahlulwe yaziindidi kunye neentlobo, ezihlelwe ngokwamaqela ahlukeneyo ngokweempawu ezithile.
Ukwahlulahlula
Isifundo esahlukileyo sokufunda kwi-psychology kukuqhekezwa kunye neempawu zokucinga. Zininzi iitafile ezibonakalayo ezifa ulwazi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwesi sihloko. Kwintabalala yabo kunzima ukufumana kwaye uqonde yonke le nkqubo inzima. Masichonge amaqela aliqela abalulekileyo apho abaphandi bafumana ingqalelo eyodwa. Iindidi eziphambili zokucinga:Ngomxholo
Eli qela libandakanya:
- isebenza kakuhle;
- imbonakalo yolwenziweyo;
- isifundo kwaye isebenze;
- Ukucinga okunengqondo.
Ngokutsho kohlobo lwemisebenzi
Ukucinga kunokuba:
- Ithiyori;
- Iyasebenza.
Ngokwenqanaba lokubonisa
Kukho iintlobo ezinjalo:- uhlalutyiweyo;
- imvakalelo;
- inyani;
- i-autistic;
- I-Egocentric.
Ngokwenqanaba le-novelty
Ingayiyo:
- imveliso;
- Ukuzala, ngamanye amaxesha kubizwa ngokuba yi-topvat.
Ngokwenqanaba lokungakhathali
Zikho iintlobo ezinjalo:
- ngokuchasene;
- ngokuzithandela.
Ngokuhambelana neempawu zobuqu
Iintlobo ngeentlobo:
- oyindoda;
- umfazi;
- Ilungile;
- mbi;
- ngobuchule;
- kufanelekile;
- ayisebenzi;
- ingqiqo;
- uhlalutyiweyo;
- Ngasekunene ngasekhohlo nasekhohlo;
- synthitic.
Izazinzulu zibonakale ngeendlela ezininzi zokucinga, kuxhomekeka kwiziphumo zomsebenzi womntu, imeko yakhe yengqondo, iWorld Standation, inyani yokuqonda, njl.
Elinye kwezi ntlobo lifanelwe yile nto yobuqu kwaye ithathelwa ingqalelo kwi-psychology ngokwahlukeneyo, kodwa siza kuqwalasela kuphela indawo ekhethiweyo apha ngasentla.
Ngomxholo
Enye yezinto ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha ezityebileyo ezabiwe ngoochwephesha bengqondo bahliswa ngumxholo. Eli qela liquka ukubonwa okusebenzayo, okomfuziselo, okusebenzayo kwendlela efanelekileyo yokucinga.
- Ngokucacileyo ukucinga . Umntu ngamnye, ejonge ngqo ngqo kuko uhlobo lokubonisa. Ugxininisa kwimbono ethile yezinto. Ezo zinto zisebenzayo zimpawu zobuntwana butsha kwaye ziqala ukukhula kwasebusaneni. Umntwana ongenakucinga, thetha kwaye wenze into njengomdala, ufundise umhlaba ngoncedo lokuchukumisa izifundo kunye novavanyo olwahlukileyo kunye nabo. Uzama umhlaba ngokoqobo amazinyo, azigobe, enkqonkqoza omnye komnye, ngamanye amaxesha aphula. Ngenxa yoko, ukwenziwa kokuqwalaselwa, ukuvelisa ukutshintsha okuthile ngezinto, umntu omncinci ufunda ihlabathi kwaye enze izigqibo zakhe zokuqala ezivela kwizinto ezifunyenweyo. Kwimeko yabantu abadala, ingqondo ecocekileyo ingumlinganiswa wabasebenzi bemveliso.
- Umbono . Isekwe kwimifanekiso ebonakalayo. Iqala ukukhula kwabantwana ukusuka embindini weminyaka ye-Preschool, inamandla kude kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yokuqala yesikolo. Umdala kubo bonke ubomi uhlala ebandakanyeke kwimbono ebonakalayo. Ugxininiso kule meko kwenziwa ukuba umele izinto ezahlukeneyo, ii-pinomena, iimeko, kunye nenguqu yabo eyahlukeneyo kunye nenguqu kwingcinga yabantu.
- Ukucinga okuqinisekileyo . Ngexesha leengcinga zolu hlobo, umntu usebenza ngokungaqondakaliyo, ukuphazamiseka, iikhonsepthi ezingacacanga. Le nkqubo yenzekile kwikhonkco elilandelayo: Imbono, ukuqonda, ukuqonda, ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi. Oko kukuthi, umntu, azifikele isiseko, intsingiselo kunye nokubaluleka kwento, ngenxa yoko, kudala umbono wayo ngokubanzi kunye ne-phenomena, iimeko ezizezimeleyo kwamanye amalungu oluntu.
- Ukucinga ngempumelelo kwesifundo Kungumlinganiswa kubantu abelwe kwaye baqhubeke nokwakha umhlaba osingqongileyo. Beza nemibono, ebahlanganisana kubo ngokwenyani.
Ezi ntlobo zengqondo ngokungathi amanyathelo akwinqanaba lokuphuhlisa abantu kwi-diaper naphambi kolwayelo njengomntu.
Ngokutsho kohlobo lwemisebenzi
Ngokwahlukeneyo, oochwephesha bezengqondo bachaza iintlobo zezakhono zengqondo ezisusela kohlobo lweenjongo nemisebenzi eyenziweyo.
- Ukucinga kwethiyori . Imithetho ekhoyo, imigaqo, iithiyori, iikhonsepthi, zonke ezi zinto kwaye zonke ezi zinto kwaye zinokuvumela ukuba uhlalutye ulwazi oluqokelelweyo kunye nokubonisa, ukuhlulahlula izinto ezintsha.
- Ukucinga okuphezulu -Iintlobo ngeengcinga zethiyori. Ngaye, kuya kwenziwa kwaphela, kodwa nayo, eyona ndima yeyona iya kudlalwa ngokukhangela i-hypothesis ekusebenzeni, kwaye ayikho kwithiyori.
- Ukucinga okusebenzayo . Yonke into ilula apha: iziqhamo zethiyori zisetyenziswa ekusebenzeni, zitshekishwe ngesenzo. Zonke iintlobo zeeprojekthi, izicwangciso, izikimu, iinjongo eziguqula iikhoyipi zethiyori zibe yinyani yokwenene. Ngenxa yolu hlobo lokucinga, umbono ophantsi kwesenzo othatha isenzo esibonakalayo.
Ngokwenqanaba lokubonisa
Ukucingisisa - Zijonge ngaphakathi ngokwayo, ngaphakathi kwingqondo yakhe, kunye nesiphumo sezenzo zaso kunye nokucinga kwazo.
Ukuqulunqwa kule nto, iingcali zengqondo zichonge enye iqela lokucinga.
- Ukucingisisa ukucinga . Kuyakwazi ukwahlula izinto, i-phenomena, iimeko kunye neengxaki kwinxalenye, zibalaselisa kwaye zifundela ezona zinto zibalulekileyo. Sibona, sifumana ubudlelwane be-moussisal, siziphengulula, sifumane eyona nto iphambili kwaye sizabalazela ulwazi olukhulu lolwazi ngenxa yobuchule bohlalutyo. Inkqubo yomsebenzi enjalo ide kwaye ayiguquguquki.
- Ukucinga ngokwengqondo Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile yi-antipode yohlalutyo, njengoko idlula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ingazi. Akukho mthwalo okanye uhlalutyo okanye ubuncinci inkcazelo efanelekileyo koko kufunyanyiswa ngumntu onengqiqo ngexesha le-intuition.
- Ukucinga okuqinisekileyo . Akukho bungqina-akukho ukholo. Ukuqonda okuqinisekileyo kwenyani kunika umntu ithuba lokucinga ngemvakalelo, ngokugqibeleleyo, ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo. Ngexesha lenkqubo enjalo yokucinga, umntu akazikhululi ulindelo kunye neminqweno yobuqu, uyayivavanya ihlabathi elisingqongileyo kuphela kwimbono yenyani, inyaniso kunye nokugxekwa ngokufanelekileyo.
- Ukucinga ngokuchanekileyo Ngokuchasene noko, ibeka iminqweno yenkobe kwikona yekona, ibonakala ichanekile kwaye inokwenzeka, nokuba zichasene nengqondo. Akukho kuvavanywa okukhulu kwenyani kolu hlobo lokuqonda. Abantu bendawo yokugcina ingqondo bahlala befumaneka kwisikhokelo somsebenzi kunye nobugcisa.
- Ukucinga kwe-egocecection Ukuphuhliswa kwabantwana nakubantu abadala abanokuzithemba kakhulu, ukuzithemba okugqithisileyo, ukuthanda izinto zokuzithemba. KuBantwana, le yinto eqhelekileyo, njengoko ecinga ukuba umhlaba ojikeleze umhlaba ujikeleza kuphela. I-ego yabantwana ikwiziko lendalo, kwaye yonke into eyenzekayo ithathwa kuphela kwimeko yesicelo "i".
Abantu abadala be-Egocentest banokuqonda okunjalo kwehlabathi kwaye sonelisekile sele kuthathwa yingxaki yengqondo okanye umgca obalulekileyo.
Ngokwenqanaba le-novelty
Ngokwenqanaba le-novelty kunye nemvelaphi, indawo eyahlukileyo yabelwa indalo (imveliso) kunye nomfanekiso wokuzala.- Ukucinga okunemveliso Ibeka umntu njengoMdali. Apha eyona ndima iphambili yenziwa kukucinga kwabantu, ukucinga. Kungamadoda okudala anakho ukudala izimvo ezitsha ngokupheleleyo kunye neeprojekthi ezingazange zibonwe. Bavelisa umbono owodwa owodwa nowokuqala izinto ezizayo kunye nezinto zokomoya kunye nezinto zokomoya zomsebenzi wabo. Iikhonsepthi ezintsha kunye nemifanekiso, akukho zigqibo kunye nezigqibo-zonke ezi ziziqhamo zomsebenzi wokuyila.
- Ukucinga ngokutsha -Umgaqo-nkqubo wemveliso. Olu hlobo lolwazi lusekwe kuphela kwihlabathi elikhoyo lehlabathi olukhoyo, imifanekiso, imithombo kunye neetemplate. Ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwengqondo yokuyila kunye nokugxila kuphela ekudleleni umva kolwazi okhoyo ngaphambili uphawula olu hlobo lwengqondo. Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba abantu abanohlobo lokuzala lokuqonda bahlala benomlinganiswa odibeneyo.
Ngokwenqanaba lokungakhathali
Shenxisa iqela lohlobo lokucinga ngokwenqanaba lokungabinamsebenzi.
Apha yonke into icacisiwe.
- Ukucinga ngokuchaseneyo Umntu ulawulwa ngokuqonda kwaye uyakuthi, inkqubo yokucinga iphantsi ngokupheleleyo.
- Ukucinga okungenayo Okuchasene noko, ukhona ngokwawo, ungayithobeli imizamo yokuthanda komntu. Onke amabinzana aqhelekileyo athi "Yenza kumatshini", "uyenze", "Ngaba ngaphandle kokuzinikela kwingxelo," ke le yimeko xa icinga ngokungacacanga iqhuba imisebenzi yayo. Ukuqonda ngokuzithandela kunxulunyaniswa nezinto ezichaphazelekayo zesimo sengqondo somntu kwizifundo kunye ne-phenomena, iimeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neengxaki, ezineemvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo zemvakalelo kunye nemvakalelo yehlabathi elijikelezileyo.
Kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zobuqu
Yabela iqela elikhulu lamaqela okucinga, kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zomntu ngamnye, ezichaphazela ubume bohlobo olunye okanye olunye uhlobo lolwazi kunye nokuqonda kwehlabathi.
- Ukucinga kwamadoda . Kukholelwa ukuba amadoda acinge ngokusuk 'entliziyweni nangokuthe tye, esebenza ngokugqibeleleyo neemodeli zokusayina kunye neenkqubo, njengomgaqo, le nkqubo ihlala ijolise kwisenzo kunye nesiphumo. Amadoda ayahlula ngokucacileyo ingqondo kunye neemvakalelo. Ngokoluvo lwabo, iimvakalelo zibonakaliswa kakubi ngokuguqulwa kweengcinga kwiziphumo zeshishini. Ngokutsho kwenye yeenguqulelo, kungenxa yokuba kukho uhlobo lwembono kunye nokuqhubekeka kolwazi kwingqondo yamadoda. I-hemisphere yasekhohlo inoxanduva lokuthetha, ukuhlalutywa, ukusebenza kunye neenombolo, ukulandelelana, njl. Njl. Bafazi, i-hemispheres yasekunene yengqondo isebenza ngengcaciso. Ulwazi olusekunene lunika ingcinga yabasetyhini, ukugqajoka, ukubethwa yimvakalelo, ukuqhelaniswa kwesiqhelo.
- Ukucinga kwabasetyhini Inokufana ngokucinga okuthandekayo. Iimvakalelo zabameli besini esifanelekileyo zihlala zikwindawo yokuqala, ngoko ihlala izigqibo kunye nezigqibo zisekwe kwiimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo. Ngamanye amaxesha imeko yemozulu ilawula umfazi, kwaye ikhosi yeengcinga zakhe zinokutshintsha kunye notshintsho kwimood. Le yinkcazo nje yeendlela ezibonakala ngathi zibonakala, kodwa oochwephesha bengqondo abaphikisi ukuba abafazi abanaso ingcinga okanye ubume. Ngokuchasene noko, kwiimeko ezithile, abafazi ababonisanga ngaphantsi kwamadoda, amandla okuhlalutya, ukulungisa ngokubanzi, cwangcisa kwaye bafeze le meko.
- Ukucinga okuqinisekileyo . Apha sithetha ngethemba. Abantu abaneempawu ezinjalo zengqondo batyekele, kwanaphezu kwempahla, bona amathuba okufikelela kwiinjongo zabo. Onjalo ubuqu bunokuhlala buhleli, busengqiqweni, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ngokwakha, ukuvavanya imeko kwaye bangene kwimpumelelo.
- Ukucinga okungalunganga I-pessimists yePropathi. Bahlala bengonwabanga ngobomi, bekhalaza rhoqo, babone yonke indawo kwaye kuyo yonke imiqobo engathandekiyo, ngaloo ndlela bubangela ububele kunye novelwano ngeenxa zonke.
- Ukucinga ngobuchule . Ukuba uthanda ukwenza izicwangciso ezifikelela kude kwaye kwangaxeshanye ninike intetho ecacileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba ungumgangatho wobuchule. Ngokungqongqo unamathele kwinjongo, uvavanye ngempumelelo indlela yokufezekisa kwaye engazange ikwazi ukunciphisa abantu abanombono wesicwangciso-qhinga ehlabathini-njengommiselo, ezi ziinkokheli.
- Ukucinga okufanelekileyo . Uluvo olubonakalayo lwehlabathi yingcali yendalo. Ukudala uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwehlabathi ekucingeleni kwakhe, bambhaptiza ngenyani. Njengomthetho, i-gwenxa yenzekile, kwaye loo mntu uyaphoxeka, engavumi ukuthatha umhlaba njengoko kunjalo, engafezekanga kwaye engalunganga.
- Ukucinga okungalunganga . Abantu abangasebenziyo bacinga ukuba ngengqondo, nika uvavanyo olungachanekanga lwezinto kunye neemeko, azinakuchaza ukuba kutheni zingena ngandlela-thile, kodwa kuyo yonke le nto inokuthintela ukholo lwayo olungafikeleli. Ihlala iqhele ukuphazamiseka kwe-schizsoid.
- Ukucinga ngendlela . Iingxoxo, iinyani, ulwazi, izakhono, ezomeleleyo, iingqondo zezile ziseko ezikhululekileyo umntu onengqondo. Iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo, amava obuntu anjalo ayinamsebenzi. Bahlala becinga ukuba baphilile kwaye bacinge, ngokucacileyo kwaye bacombulule imisebenzi kwaye bafumane indlela eyakhayo.
- Ukucingisisa ukucinga . Umntu ohlalutyi umntu ufunda yonke into eyenzekayo ayingxami ayingxami, ucinga ngayo yonke into ngokweenkcukacha, kuba akukho meko yehlabathi ayinakubakho ngqiqweni.
- Ukulungelelanisa ukucinga . Iinyani ezahlukileyo, idatha esasazekileyo, imikhosi yolwazi ayisiyongxaki yomntu onengqondo efanayo. Ngokuqinisekileyo uyabalisa umfanekiso opheleleyo nocacileyo, eqokelela iziqwenga. Kwaye imisebenzi enzima ayisoyiki ngokupheleleyo.
Ukucinga ngokungazi nto
Imazi kwi-psychology yimbono enjalo njengengcinga engazi. Ithetha inkqubo yolwazi ngehlabathi eliyihlabathi elijikelezileyo lengqondo. Ukungazi nto kuyayithemba ngokupheleleyo, ayilawulwa Kwaye akukho namnye ngokwawo. Iqokelelwe kwaye igcinwe ngokupheleleyo lonke ulwazi, funda ukusuka ngaphandle kobomi bomntu. Unokuthelekisa le nkqubo ngokuqokelela iinkcukacha zoMyili, kukwenzeka kuphela oku kungenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo, nokuba yeyiphi na inkanuko yethu.
Ulwazi oluqokelelwe kwi-subconsion lusetyenziswa xa kufuneka kuvela kule nto . Isiphumo somsebenzi wokucinga okungathandekiyo - ayithathwanga isigqibo somntu . Sicinga ukuba ngandlela-thile siyenza, ngenxa yokuba ixesha elide kwaye siqhubeka sifuna isisombululo esivakalayo kwimeko ethile, kodwa musa ukukrokrela ifuthe lokwamkelwa kwesi sigqibo sokungazi. Njengecala elichaseneyo leNyanga, ukucinga ngokungazi nto yeyona nto ingenayo kwaye eyona ndawo ingaqondakaliyo yengqondo yomntu.
Kukhuselekile ukuchaza ukuba iqala ukukhulisa kakhulu kubantwana abakwiminyaka yase-Prestewoli, ixhaphake phakathi kwabafundi abancinci kwaye ngakumbi ilawula i-Graders yokuqala.
Iindlela zokumisela uhlobo lokucinga
Kwi-Psychology Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuchonga uhlobo lokucinga, indlela nganye. Uninzi lwale njongo lusebenzisa indlela yovavanyo . Iimvavanyo zenziwa ziingcali zengqondo ezinamava asekwe kwiingcali zengqondo ezisemdeni, uqokelele kwaye usebenzise ulwazi malunga neempawu zohlobo ngalunye lobukrelekrele. Enye yezi mvavanyo zadalwa ngokwendlela ye-Pedchologist yengqondo yaseMelika, elona nani likhulu leenkqubo zengqondo zikaJerome.
Kukho nendlela "yohlobo lokucinga", ephuhliswe ngugqirha wezengqondo yaseGalina Rezalkin, apho kucetywayo ukuphendula "ewe" okanye "hayi" kwimicimbi emininzi. Emva koko, amanqaku abalwa kwizikali ezinikiweyo-kuyacaca ukuba loluphi uhlobo lomntu.
