Ulwazi lwenzululwazi luchaphazela umbono wehlabathi, ukuqonda ubomi. Inkqubo yengqondo yesayensi kunye nemfundo ijolise ekusombululeni imisebenzi ephambili, ukwamkela izimvo ezakhayo, ukuphucula ubunzima obuphumelele, ukuphucula umgangatho weemeko zobomi bomntu ngamnye noluntu luphela.
Yintoni?
Ukusekwa kwemisebenzi yengqondo yenzululwazi yenziwa kwinkqubo yolwazi lwehlabathi. Ukucinga kwesayensi luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwenkqubo yokuqonda ejolise ekuziseni ulwazi lwenjongo ekuqiniseni umntu. Umsebenzi wokuqonda bonakalisa isiseko sesayensi.
Uhlobo lwenzululwazi lokucinga lujolise ekuphuhliseni ulwazi oluthembekileyo malunga nobuntu, uluntu kunye nendalo. Uhlaziya umfanekiso wenjongo yehlabathi ngohlalutyo kunye noSynthesi.
Zonke iimveliso zokucinga kwesayensi zinesizathu kwaye ziqokelelwa kwinkqubo enye. Ukwahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlula kweendawo zezifundo kukuphazamisa esidlangalaleni (uluntu lwezentlalo), iinzululwazi zendalo, ezobuchwephesha nezezimathematics.
- Iinzululwazi zezenzululwazi zentlalo zijolise ekufumaneni ulwazi loluntu nomntu. Imbali kunye nezifundo zomthetho ziyavela kuzo zonke iindawo zobomi baluntu. Ulwazi ngokubanzi loluntu luhleliwe kwifilosofi kunye nentlalo. I-Anthropology, i-Aesthetics, isimilo, isipilogokom, i-Psychology, iSayensi yezopolitiko, izifundo zenkcubeko, uqoqosho lubonisa indawo ethile yendawo yoluntu. Ukucinga kwesayensi kwingingqi yoluntu kuphonononge iingcinga zabantu, iintshukumisa, iinjongo kunye neenjongo zobuqu.
- IiSayensi zeNdalo zibandakanya ukufundwa kwendalo . I-biology, ikhemistri, iJografi, i-geology, i-Ecology, iFiziksi, i-Istronomy, i-Asstronomy igalelo labantu abanolwazi olutsha begalelo lokuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Umzekelo, kwishishini lezonyango, izinto ezifunyaniswa zesayensi zinegalelo ekuhlaziyweni kwezigulana eziphethwe zizifo ezazinganyangeki. Inzululwazi ye-Ecology ihlolisisa indawo yokugcina izinto kunye nendalo esingqongileyo, thintela inani labemi malunga nengozi yokungcoliseka kwabo.
- Kwinzululwazi yezobuchwephesha Bandakanya oomatshini, iirobhothi, isayensi yekhompyuter, i-AGROMGY, uyilo olukhawulezileyo lwezeNzululwazi neTekhnoloji. IiSayensi ezininzi zobugcisa zibizelwe ukuze zisebenze kwimveliso yamashishini, ebanika itekhnoloji yakutshanje. Kwilizwe lanamhlanje, iirobhothi zisetyenziswa ngempumelelo, iintlobo ezintsha zamandla, iindlela zokulungisa i-ultra, i-lasers kwindlela.
- Iithiyori zeMathematics Nika zonke ezinye iiSayensi ezineendlela ezisesikweni zolwimi. Inkcubeko, imilinganiselo, iinkcazo zefom yezinto ziyasetyenziswa ukufumana imithetho jikelele yendalo. Ulwalamano lwabo lolwakhiwo luyaqwalaselwa. Iimodeli zemathematics zisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yesayensi yesayensi xa ufunda uninzi lweSayensi.
Zonke iiSayensi ziyahlangana rhoqo. Kwimeko yokufunda kwesayensi, ukucinga kujolise ekufundeni ulwazi, imithetho yeenkqubo ezithile kunye nohlalutyo, ukuchonga izinto zomthetho kuzo.
Umntu ocinga ngesayensi unakho ukutshintshana, inkululeko. Uyaziqonda kakuhle into eyenzekayo kwihlabathi elijikelezileyo, ufumana ngokuzithandela ulwazi olusisiseko, ubeka ulwazi olutsha, olulungele naluphi na utshintsho.
Iipeksi
Ingcinga yesayensi ibonakaliswa ngokusisiseko. Ngokungafaniyo nemisebenzi yokucinga yemihla ngemihla, kuyinto eyenzeka kwindalo iphela, ubuchule, ukunokwenzeka, inqanaba lokwazisa ngolwazi, ukungqinelana kunye nobungqina bemeko efunyenweyo, ukukhangela iinyani Ngoncedo lweempikiswano, ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo zengqondo.
Ilizwe liphela lezenzululwazi liboniswa ngohlobo lweekhonsepthi kunye nemigaqo. Ubukho wendlela yokufikelela yinto enyanzelekileyo yenkqubo ngokubanzi. Olu hlobo lomsebenzi wengqondo lubonelela Ukuqhubeka nokusetyenziswa kolwazi oluqokelelweyo kunye nemibono emininzi enokuthenjwa. Iyenza imfundiso yengqondo, umsebenzi, inkcubeko kunye nemisebenzi yentlalo.
I-Psycloglogy yabela olona phawu luphambili lwenkqubo yengxelo yesayensi.
Inyani
Ngendlela yesayensi yokufunda ngesifundo okanye into, kukho ukumiswa ngokupheleleyo kwiWorld Worldäview. Ngelixa ufunda intsomi, umntu uziva umbono ophantsi wombhali kwi-phenomena kunye nezibakala. Iphecana lenzululwazi libonisa kuphela izibakala ezifunyenwe ngophononongo olucokisekileyo. Iinkcukacha zobuqu malunga nenzululwazi ayikho.
Inkqubo
Kangangeenkulungwane, abantu baqokelela zonke iintlobo zeenkcazo kunye neenkcazo zezibakala ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-phenomena. Ixesha elingaphezulu, uku-odola kwabo kukhokelele ekuvelisweni kweekhonsepthi ezithile kunye nemigaqo.Inkqubo yangoku yedatha yethiyori yinkcazo yolwazi olufunyenwe ngenxa yophando lwezenzululwazi.
Imitha
Ukucinga kwesayensi kuthetha ukuba i-theoretical imigaqo kunye neepateni. Inxalenye yabo ixesha elide ihleli kwinqanaba lokuqiqa kunye nokuxelwa kwangaphambili, nto leyo ngesizathu esithile sekafikeleli kubungqina, kodwa kwizazinzulu zexesha elizayo zithethelela. Kwaye baya kungqinwa ngokwesayensi okanye aphiliswe. Indawo yokugcina iqinisekiswe iithiyori ezahlukeneyo kunye nee-hypotheses zineempikiswano ezininzi eziqinisekisa ukungahambelani.
I-Aspiration kwixa elizayo
Ukucinga kwesayensi kubuzile kwikamva. Kwisayensi, iziphumo zophando zibaluleke kakhulu kungekuphela nje kwithuba lexesha, kodwa nangokuphuculwa kwabo, utshintsho lube ziimbono.
Kubalulekile ukufumanisa imithetho neepateni zophuhliso lwezinto ze-phenomena ukwenza ukuba kungenelwe uluntu kubomi bamva. Olu hlobo lokucinga lwenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuba luyile ikamva kwizahlulo nganye ekhoyo okwangoku.
Inzululwazi idiniwe ngamaqhekeza athembekileyo, iinxalenye, iifom eziya kuba luncedo kwisizukulwana esizayo.
Inkangeleko
Ngokwemvelo indlela yesayensi yokufumana ulwazi ukudibanisa ii-NEORMS, izithuba zomsebenzi ezahlukeneyo zibonisa abaphandi ukuba ziqhakamshele iifomula, imiqondiso kunye neminye imiqondiso. Inkqubo ethile yokusayina iqhubeka iphuculwe, ihlengahlengiswe, igqitywe lonke ixesha lobukho besayensi.Ukuqonda
Ukuphunyezwa kokujonga kunye nokubek'esweni kwesifundo sezinto kunye ne-phenomena, amakhonkco abo phakathi komnye engqinelana nokusebenzisa iindlela zesayensi.
Indlela yovavanyo
Ithiyori isekwe kuvavanyo olwenziweyo. Inkqubo yengqondo yesayensi yenza ukuba ikwazi ukusebenzisa iziphumo ezifunyenweyo zokuqokelela isiseko sobungqina bezinto ezinkulu zezinto ezifundiweyo. Ngexesha lovavanyo, kwenziwa iikhonsepthi ezithile, kwenziwa izigqibo.
Imigaqo
- Owona mgaqo uphambili wesenzo sengqondo yesayensi bubukho bovavanyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nokucinga okunamandla, indlela yesayensi ithetha ukusasazeka kweziphumo zovavanyo kuluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lolwazi. Ngenxa yoku, izazinzulu zizuza ithuba lokwenza izigqibo ezahlukeneyo.
- Umgaqo wesibini ubonakalisa umnqweno wezazinzulu ukuya kwinkalo kunye nokuthinta. Indlela yokwabrimarical indlela ithetha ukubandakanyeka ngqo kuvavanyo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo i-projection ye-Apperaal. Ukuphepha ukugqwetha ngengozi okanye ngabom kwizigqibo ezifunyenweyo ngexesha lovavanyo, phantsi kwenkqubo yengqondo, ukuqaphela kwenziwa.
- Umgaqo wesithathu obalulekileyo kukucwangciswa kolwazi olufunyenwe ukwenzela ukuba lwile ithiyori. Indlela yokukhupha i-pront ayithethi theorent yolwazi, ke yonke idatha ithathelwa ingqalelo ngokwahlukeneyo omnye komnye. Inkqubo yesayensi ibona ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-phenomena kunye nokuhamba kwamaqela kunye nokulungiswa kokuhlelwa.
Iindlela ngeendlela
Ukucinga kwesayensi kufuna ukusebenzisa iindlela ezithile zenkqubo yokuqonda.
Indlela yesayensi ibonakaliswa ngokuchaneka, i-rigidity kunye nenyani.
Ivumela indlela yendlela yokujika ibe ngummisi womphandi. Iindlela zikawonke-wonke zolo lwazi luhlalutyo kunye nesynthesi, ukuncitshiswa kunye nokungeniswa, imodeli, i-analogy, i-analogy kunye neyonyani.
Uhlalutyo kuthetha ukuba i-sulfighcement yendawo yonke, synthesis -Ukuqhagamshelo lwamalungu kwilinye. Kwi Ukuncitshiswa Ubungqina buboniswe kwingxelo enye okanye engaphezulu ethembekileyo ngokusekelwe kwimithetho yengcinga. Kwi ukuqhekezwa Iinyani ezahlukileyo zikhokelela kwisikhundla esiqhelekileyo. Indlela Ukulinganisa Inenjongo yokuphindaphinda iimpawu zento esebenzisa enye imodeli ekhoyo. Le ndlela isetyenziswa kubunzima obuphakathi ngexesha lokufundisisa into ngokwayo.
Ukuthathwa Inengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo evela kwezinye iipropathi ze-phenomena kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwazo, ukwabela omnye umgangatho wabo. Iziphumo zokulungisa zinokuba ziindidi ezahlukeneyo kunye neengqondo. Umbono Imele inkqubo yokucinga, idibanise ngokusekwa kweekhonsepthi ezithile, ayisoloko ikwinyani.
Iindlela zophando zibandakanya Umlinganiso, uthelekiso, inkcazo, inkqubo yokuhlelwa. Kwimisebenzi yengqondo ehambelana nesayensi, iindlela ze-empirical kunye nethiyori zixhaphake.
Nkampani
Iindlela zesayensi kunye neendlela zolwazi zolwazi zibonisa uvavanyo lokufumana ulwazi oluthile. Baxhomekeke kuvavanyo kwaye baqwalasele. Ngovavanyo, iimeko ezikhethekileyo zenziwa, ziphelise izinto zithintela, zisebenzise izixhobo zobugcisa ezifanelekileyo. Ukufundisisa kwe-phenomena kunye nezinto ezidlula ngefuthe lomxholo wolwazi kwinjongo yesifundo. Xa ijongwa, akukho mpembelelo injalo.
Ukucaciswa okucwangcisiweyo kunye nemveliso yento ephantsi kwesifundo Kuyenzeka ukuba usebenzise izixhobo kunye nezixhobo.
Iindlela zendlela ezibonisa ukuba zikwidatha efunyenwe ngamava. Kwindlela yesayensi, ulwazi oluziimbiyiwe luqinisekisiwe okanye luqinisekiswe ngotoliko lwe-theoreutical ovela kwiimfuno ezithile.
Ithiyori
Lonke ulwazi olufunyenwe yindlela yokuvavanywa, izazinzulu zilungisiwe ngendlela yethiyori. Ubume bayo bubandakanya izimvo ezisisiseko, imigaqo-siseko, imithetho, i-axioms, izinto zexabiso.
Ukwakha ithiyori, ukusebenzisa indlela yokusebenza kunye nengqondo. Ulwazi lwethiyori lusekwe kwenye yeefom: ithiyori, i-hypothesis, ingxaki nomthetho.
Indlela yethiyori iquka ukwenziwa okusemthethweni kunye nemali. Ekuqaleni, ulwazi lwezenzululwazi lubonakaliswa ngemiqondiso yolwimi oludala ngokukodwa. Indlela yesibini ithetha ukuqaliswa kwempumelelo yezibalo kwindawo yovavanyo phantsi kovavanyo.
Indlela yembali Inika inkcazo yenkqubo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu zayo ezizodwa. Indlela yengqondo Ithatha ukonwaba kwenkqubo yokuthintela ifom yethiyori. Zonke izinto ziboniswa ngamanyathelo ahlukeneyo kuphuhliso lwabo, ngamanye amagama, irekhodiwe yonke imbali. Indlela esemthethweni inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nembali egubungela amanqanaba okuphuhlisa iminyhadala kwiindlela zabo ezicacileyo zokubonakaliswa kwengcaciso yabo. Umanyano lwazo zonke iindlela ezisetyenziselwa ukucinga kwesayensi lubonelela ngenkqubela phambili yenzululwazi neyezobugcisa.
