Igolide yintsimbi exabisekileyo exabisekileyo, efunwayo phakathi kwenani elikhulu labathengi. Abagxeki bale mihla benza imihlobiso eyahlukeneyo kuyo: amakhonkco, imixokelelwane, i-brooches, njl njl. Kwangelo xesha, kwinkqubo yokwenza izinto ezixabisekileyo, iingcali zinokusebenzisa iisampulu ezahlukeneyo. Namhlanje kwinqaku lethu siza kuthetha malunga nokuba yintoni, loluphi ukhetho kunye neentlobo ezikhoyo nendlela yokukhetha ingxaki yezinto ezixabisekileyo.
Yintoni?
Ngokubanzi, ngokwayo, ibinzana elithi "isampulu yegolide" lithetha ukuba ubungakanani bezinto ezixabisekileyo zithuliswa njani ekufumaneni i-alloy. Ngokuhambelana, kunokugqitywa ukuba isampulu iya kuba nayo nayiphi na i-hewelery, ebandakanya ngaphezulu kwecandelo le-1. Ifanele igcinwe engqondweni into yokuba isampulu ichaphazela indlela umhombiso obonakala ngayo.
Ukuba sithetha malunga nokuba zeziphi izixhobo ezinokwenziwa njengengcungcutheka kwizixhobo zegolide zegolide, kufuneka ziqatshelwe:
- i-nickel;
- ubhedu;
- Isilivere;
- iplatinam;
- I-Palladium;
- I-zinc nakufanayo.
Kwangelo xesha, kufanele ukuba kukhunjulwe ukuba nganye yezi zinto ikwazi ukuphembelela iipropathi zekhemikhali kunye nezomzimba zezinto ezixabisekileyo. Ke, Ezinye zazo zandisa isivuno kunye nezalathisi zokuqina, ezinye zichaphazela inqanaba lobuqili okanye zinokutshintsha umbala (umzekelo, ukunamathela ubumhlophe). Ukongeza, izinto zekhemikhali zinokongezwa ukunika i-elasticity, utshintsho kwindawo yokunyibilika, njl.
Umxholo "wesampulu" akasetyenziswanga kuphela ziingcali ze-chibelry kwindlela yabo yobungcali, kodwa kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.
Ubukhulu becala, oku kungenxa yokuba namhlanje phantse kungenakwenzeka ukufumana izixhobo zobucwebe zenziwe nge-100% ye-100% eyenziwe ngegolide.
Imbali
Ngokubanzi, igolide yinto yendalo. Emhlabeni ikho kwixesha le-precambrrian. Ukuveliswa kwezi zinto zibandakanyeka kumaxesha amandulo. Ke, Kuyo yonke imbali yobukho bomntu, malunga ne-161,000 yeetoni zegolide zazenziwa, ixabiso lentengiso le-8-9 yeedola.
Ukuba sithetha ngeesampulu zegolide, emva koko iinkqubo zovavanyo zale ncwadana zingaphantsi kweenguqu kwimbali yonke. Ukongeza, imigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo yegolide isebenzisa intsimi yamazwe ahlukeneyo. Enye indlela okanye enye, kodwa i-godst yahlala ukuba le ntsimbi ithathwa njengexabisekileyo.
Akukho mfihlo yokuhonjiswa kwe-Vintage isetyenziswa kwixabiso elikhethekileyo, elenziwa kumaxesha obukhosi okanye ngexesha lobukho be-USSR.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imihlobiso yeSoviet yakudala (kunye nezixhobo ezixabisekileyo zelinye ixesha) ziye zahlukile kwileyibhile yale mihla, zinesimo see-antiques kwaye ziyathandwa ngabantu abakhuthazayo.
Ukuba jika kwimithombo yembali, unokuphawula isibakala sokuba ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwintsimi ye-Russian Federation, iimveliso ezenziwe ngeesampulu ezingama-999 zazithandwa ngokukhethekileyo. Rhoqo, ixabiseke kakhulu kwimpahla, kodwa nakwimeko yokuziphatha yokuhombisa - amakhonkco omtshato adalelwa kwintsimbi enjalo. Iimveliso ezinjalo ziye zahluka kakhulu kubunzima obukhulu kakhulu kunye nobungakanani obukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuchasene nemigaqo yakudala, namhlanje eli tyala linqabile kakhulu, elithathwa njengelona liphezulu.
ETsistast Russia, isampulu yayinexabiso elikhethekileyo. Ukuba sivavanya esi salathisi, sinikwe idatha yangoku, kunokwenzeka ukuba sinike ubungqina bokuba ezo mveliso zibonakaliswa yile ntengiso yayinamalungu angama-96, ebhalwe ngentsimbi ye-100%.
Kwixesha laseSoviet, uvavanyo lwegolide engama-583 lwaluhlutha kakhulu kumhlaba wethu.
Kodwa, egxile kwimakethi yezizwe ngezizwe, ngokuthe ngcembe ithathelwe indawo yovavanyo lwe-585.
Iinkqubo zesampulu
Ngenxa yokuba isikhombisi esinjalo, njengesampulu, ibalulekile, namhlanje iphuhlise iinkqubo ezininzi kunye neetafile zetafile. Namhlanje kwinqaku lethu siza kubajonga eyona nto iphambili kubo, kwaye siya kuyifumana kwiimpawu zabo kunye neempawu ezahlukileyo.I-cotral
Njengoko unokuqikelela igama lale nkqubo, eyona njongo yemilinganiselo kule meko ikhupha ukuqhuba. Ke, Isininzi seSpool ngo-4.266. Yayisebenzisa esi salathisi sokuba isinyithi esixabisekileyo silinganise ixesha elide (1711-1927). Ke, zonke iimveliso ezinikwe ixesha kwixesha elichaziweyo, kumphezulu wayo, iliso elihambelanayo le-2 ikhutshiwe. Amandla anje axatyisiwe kakhulu kwaye athathwa njengosinda. Ukuba sithetha ngenkqubo yesampulu yenkqubo ye-spool, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ibandakanya izikhombisi ezininzi: 36, 56, 72, 82, 92, 94 no-94.
Metric
Emva kokuba isampula yentsimbi exabisekileyo yentsimbi exabisekileyo iye yazinza, inkqubo yemetric yangenisa ukusetyenziswa. Yaziswa ngexesha lobukho be-USSR. Kukholelwa ukuba inkqubo ye-metric ingasebenzi ngakumbi. Eyona njongo yayo iphambili kukumisela umxholo onobungakanani wesinyithi esixabisekileyo kwi-shibbry. Kule meko, esi salathisi sibonakaliswa kwigram. Ke, Ukuba ubona isalathi-nkqubela 385, emva koko unokugqiba kwelokuba le nto ixabisekileyo inamacandelo ama-385 eenxalenye zegolide kunye neenxalenye ezingama-615 zokungcola.
ICarat
Inkqubo emininzi ithandwa kakhulu kwi-United States yaseMelika naseYurophu. Ukuba uqhagamshelane negama elithi "carat", kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ichaza i-0.2 I-GRAM kwaye ibalulekile igosa kwaye ligunyaziswe ngokubanzi lemilinganiselo yamatye axabisekileyo. Ukwenzela ukumisela i-caneness ye-prosess ethile, ikhilogram yegolide yahlulahlulwe ibe ngamacandelo angama-24. Ngokufanelekileyo, ukuba kwinkqubo yokufumana i-fincebry ye-chibbry oyibonayo "isampulu ye-12 k", oko kuthetha ukuba kwiinxalenye ezingama-24 zaphela ii-akhawunti ezili-12 zegolide.
I-Lotoma
Inkqubo enjalo yemodeli yehlabathi kwiLizwe yanamhlanje ayisetyenziswanga, kodwa ibixhaphake kakhulu ekuhambeni kweYurophu. Ngelo xesha, ubunzima beentsimbi ezixabisekileyo zalinganiswa kwizitampu. Ukuba uye waba ngumnini wemveliso ka-Antiquique, isampulu ekhethiweyo kwisakhelo seqashiso, emva koko ke ukuze kuguqulwe kwinkqubo yale mihla, indawo ekhoyo yonyulo kufuneka iphindwe ngo-25, kwaye yahlulwe ngo-2.
Ngenxa yenyani yokuba Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho ubucwebe oblize yegolide ngeyona ndlela ihlukeneyo yesampulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqhelene nazo zonke iinkqubo ezikhoyo. . Kuphela ke uya kuba nakho ukumisela ixabiso ngokuchanekileyo kunye neendleko zegolide ethile yegolide. Ngokuhambelana, kwinkqubo yokukhetha kunye nokufumana i-finceberry ye-chibbry kufuneka inikezele kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Izimvo
Igolide sisinyithi esixabisekileyo esithathwa njengesona sixhobo sibalulekileyo emhlabeni. Igolide iyathandwa kwaye inyanzelise i-feld lomhlaba, kubandakanya eRussia. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho izinto zomthetho waseRussia kwintsimi yelizwe lethu, elawula inkqubo yokuphatha kunye nokubonisa iimveliso ezivela kwiinyithi ezixabisekileyo.
Ke, Kummandla welizwe lethu ukusukela ngo-1927 kukho indawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-metric yemveliso yegolide eyahlukileyo. Kwinkqubo yenkqubo yemetric ukumisela ubunyulu bentsimbi exabisekileyo kubucwebe, babeka iincwadi ezikhethekileyo: 375, 585, 985, 958, 998. kwaye ityheli emthunzini yegolide yenziwa ubucwebe obuthile. Kwangelo xesha, eyona iphantsi kwaye iphantsi yisampulu engama-375, isampulu ephezulu - 999.
Inkqubo ye-Metric Systep ayisetyenziswanga naphina kuyo yonke indawo. Ke, kumhlaba wase-United States of America, i-Gritain enkulu, eNetherlands, eFinland nakwamanye amazwe, obizwa ngokuba ngumgaqo obizwa ngokuba ngumgaqo weCarat. Kuyahluka kwimerikhi eyamkelwe kwi-Russian Federation. Kufuneka igcinwe engqondweni into yokuba iimveliso azibonakaliswanga kuphela ngamanani, kodwa neeleta.
Qwalasela ngaphezu kweentlobo ezininzi zesampulu yegolide, kunye nokufunda amanqaku abo kunye neempawu zabo zokulinganisa:
- I-375 isampulu ihambelana nee-carats ezisi-9, ngesinyithi esifanayo kwindawo yayo iqulethe isilivere kunye nokungcola, kumbala wayo wangaphandle umhombiso kunokuba bomvu okanye tyheli;
- Isampulu ye-500 Igolide zii-karant ezili-12, isilivere kunye nobhedu zisetyenziswa njengokungcola (njengakwimeko yangaphambili);
- Ukuba ufumana Imveliso ye-585 yovavanyo , kufuneka iqondwe ukuba ixabiso layo liyi-14 labakhweli, ngelixa u-Abrey kusenokubakho izinto ezinje ngePalladium kunye ne-nickel (i-ickel (i-585 iisampulu aziyi kuba yi-chass);
- Iisampulu zentsimbi ezingama-750 (okanye i-18-carat ye-Carat) ekuqulunqweni kwayo iqulethe iplatinam, ngelixa iimveliso ngokwazo zinokupeyinta kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithunzi: ukusuka eluhlaza emhlophe emhlophe;
- Isampulu yama-958. ilingana nee-karants ezingama-23, kwishishini lejwabi lisetyenziswa ngokungaqhelekanga;
- Uvavanyo oluphezulu lwegolide I-999 (okanye i-carats ezingama-24) Iphawuleka ngokuthambileyo kwaye iphantsi ngokulula kwiingqwalaselo ezahlukeneyo.
Ukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba namhlanje iimveliso zegolide yeesampulu ezahlukeneyo zingafumaneka kwintengiso. Kuxhomekeka kubunyulu be-nyibila kunye nokungcola kwekhonkrithi, imbonakalo yemveliso ingahluka, kunye neempawu zayo zomzimba (kunye nezinye iiparamitha).
Ke ngoko, ngaphambi kokuthenga izinto ezithile ezisisiseko, kufuneka uziqhelanise nemithetho esisiseko kunye neengcebiso zengcali.
Ngaba igolide ngaphandle kwesampula?
Ngamanye amaxesha, abathengi bafumaneka kwiimveliso zegolide ezingenazisampulu. Kodwa Kule meko, akufanele ungoyiki kwaye unexhala malunga nento ojongana nenkohliso, njengoko oku akusoloko kunjalo.
Akukho sampuli kunokuba sisiphumo sezizathu ezininzi. Ziqwalasele ngakumbi.
- Umhlobiso weGolden mdala. Ukungabikho kwalo naliphi na amanqaku okuchonga (kubandakanya iisampulu) zimpawu zenani elikhulu lemihlobiso endala. Oku kungenxa yokuba ayisiyiyo yonke ijeeler ebeke iisampulu ezifanelekileyo kwindalo yakhe. Ukongeza, umanqaku okhoyo okhoyo nolwazi malunga nesampulu inokuba nje ibanjelwe ngenxa yexesha elide kwaye linxibe rhoqo.
- Umhlobiso obuyiselweyo. Kwimeko apho ufumana umhlobiso obuyiselweyo (umzekelo, kwivenkile ye-antique okanye i-pawnshop), isenokuba nesampulu. Ngokukodwa zihlala zivela kwimeko apho umhombiso wenziwe ngentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo.
- Umhombiso waziswa phesheya. Rhoqo, imihlobiso ithengiswa kumhlaba waseRussia, ovela evela kumazwe asemzini. Ke, kumhlaba ngamnye wehlabathi esemthethweni kwaye ogunyaziswe ngokupheleleyo kukuthengisa kweemveliso ezingenalebheli.
- Imveliso ukuze i-oda. Ukuba uthenga izinto ezixabisekileyo, ezenziwe ngokomyalelo wakho, isenokungabikho. Ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwesisampulu kuxhomekeke kwijeble emgwayo eyenzile i-fingensingry.
- Intsimbi yezonyango. Igolide yezonyango (njengommiselo jikelele) ayinantsingiselo. Nangona kunjalo, kuyanyanzeleka kwizixhobo ezivela kwezi zixhobo ezinolwazi olunjengokuqulunqwa kunye nendlela yokufaka isicelo sokuhamba kwediwili kufuneka kuboniswe.
Yiyo loo nto, ngaphandle kwento yokuba uvavanyo lolona phawu lubaluleke kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na imveliso yegolide, engasoloko iphawuleka malunga nalowo kukho kumhlobiso.
Yintoni onokuyikhetha?
Ukukhetha ubucwebe obuxabisekileyo begolide ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo kunye noxanduva kuyo ngoxanduva lokuza kuthi sonke ubunzulu. Okokuqala, oku kungenxa yokuba ukuthenga ngokwako kuyabiza kakhulu.
Okokuqala, kufanele ukuba kukhathalelwe ukuba iindleko zemveliso zixhomekeke kwisampulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto kuyimfuneko ukumisela uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali olufumanekayo kwangaphambili.
Khumbula kunokucoca inyibiliki kwaye ukuphakama kwesampulu, kuya kuthengwa ngakumbi.
Apho Ayisiyo kuphela kwixabiso lomhlobiso oluchaphazela isampula yakhe. Ke, kuxhomekeka kubume kunye nenani lokungcola, ukubonakala kwe-interberry ye-gewelry kuya kwahlukile (ngokuyintloko). Ngokuphathelene noku, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kugxilwe ekukhetheni kwabo ukuthanda kwabo kunye nokuthanda izinto ezintle.
Ngokubanzi, ubucwebe obuyigolide okwenziwa ziisampulu ezingama-585 zithandwa kakhulu phakathi komthengi omkhulu. Kukholelwa ukuba banenqanaba elaneleyo lamandla kunye nokuthembeka, bangise ngokubhekisele kwiimpembelelo ezimbi ezivela ngaphandle, kwaye zikhonza nexesha labo lokuphatha.
Kodwa ukuba uyi-connoisseur yokwenyani yejwabi kunye nentsimbi ecocekileyo, emva koko uguqulelo olufanelekileyo kwimeko yakho luya kuba ziisampulu ezingama-999.
Nangona kunjalo, kufanele ukuba kukhathazeke ukuba loo mifanekiso injalo ayinazo ezona mpawu zibalaseleyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali: zibuthathaka, zifutshane kwaye azilungelanga iisokisi eziqhelekileyo.
Ke, Kungagqitywa ukuba ngokuthenga ubucwebe ngegolide, akucetyiswa ukuchitha lonke uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali losapho lonke ekufumaneni idijithane ephezulu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha iimveliso zecandelo eliphakathi, elizifezekisayo kwinkqubo yeesokisi.
Ungayijonga njani igolide kwisampulu, jonga kwividiyo engezantsi.